To identify the influence of the lack of audit information on the decision-making of securities investment, a method to analyse the impact of missing audit information on the decision-making of ...securities investment based on two Logistic regression models was proposed in this paper. Assumptions about the impact of missing audit information on decision-making of investment were developed. Two Logistic regression models were established to analyse the impact by using Logistic regression functions. Variables in analysis models were designed to solve the Logistic regression models with an ADMM algorithm, so as to analyse the impact of missing audit information on the decision-making of securities investment. The analysis of the impact of missing audit information on the securities investment decisions based on two selected models yielded the following results: (1) The lack of audit information was positively correlated with other decisions except the standard effective securities investment decisions; (2) To improve the problem of audit information missing, as the time went on, there was a strong correlation between the lack of audit information and the effectiveness of securities investment decisions; and (3) The lack of audit information was negatively correlated with the effectiveness of securities investment decisions.
Mobile health (mHealth) services can not give full play to their value if only it is used in the short term, and their continuous usage can achieve better effects in health management. This study ...aims to explore the factors that affect continuous usage intentions of mHealth services and their mechanism of action.
First, considering the uniqueness of health services and social environmental factors, this study constructed an extended Expectation Confirmation Model of Information System Continuance (ECM-ISC) to investigate factors that may influence the intention of continuous usage of mHealth services based on three dimensions, namely individual characteristics, technology and environment. Second, the survey method was used to validate the research model. The questionnaire items were derived from validated instruments and discussed by experts and data were collected both online and offline. The structural equation model was used for data analysis.
There were 334 avidity questionnaires through cross-sectional data and these participants had used mHealth services ever. The reliability and validity of the test model were good, in which Cronbach's Alpha values of 9 variables exceeded 0.9, composite reliability 0.8, the average variance extracted value 0.5, and the factor loading 0.8. The modified model had a good fitting effect and strong explanatory power. It accounted for 89% of the variance in expectation confirmation, 74% of the variance in perceived usefulness, 92% of the variance in customer satisfaction, and 84% of the variance in continuous usage intention. Compared with the initial model hypotheses, perceived system quality was deleted according to the heterotrait-monotrait ratio, so paths related to it were deleted; perceived usefulness wasn't positively associated with customer satisfaction, and its path was also deleted. Other paths were consistent with the initial hypothesis. The two new added paths were that subjective norm was positively associated with perceived service quality (β = 0.704, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.606, P < 0.001). Electronic health literacy (E-health literacy) was positively associated with perceived usefulness (β = 0.379, P < 0.001), perceived service quality (β = 0.200, P < 0.001), and perceived information quality (β = 0.320, P < 0.001). Continuous usage intention was influenced by perceived usefulness (β = 0.191, P < 0.001), customer satisfaction (β = 0.453, P < 0.001), and subjective norm (β = 0.372, P < 0.001).
The study constructed a new theoretical model including E-health literacy, subjective norm and technology qualities to clarify continuous usage intention of mHealth services, and empirically validated the model. Attention should be paid to E-health literacy, subjective norm, perceived information quality, and perceived service quality to improve continuous usage intention of users and self-management by mHealth Apps managers and governments. This research provides solid evidence for the validity of the expanded model of ECM-ISC in the mHealth field, which can be a theoretical and practical basis for mHealth operators' product research and development.
Multi-pass narrow-gap welding of thick Inconel 617 plate was conducted with YLS-10000 fiber laser. The influence of different welding parameters on the joint geometry and defects was investigated. ...The dendrite morphology, grain distribution, crystal texture and stress distribution were analyzed. The microstructure evolution such as element segregation and precipitate behavior was also studied. The micro-hardness, tensile strength at room and high temperature, and toughness impact were measured to evaluate the mechanical properties. The results revealed that the U-shaped or V-shaped filling pass could help the formation of good layer without defects. The maximum grain size of base metal and heat affected zone was less than 200 μm. The grain size of weld zone was large, and the maximum grain size reached 500 μm. Serious stress concentration occurred in the WZ and HAZ. The elements Ti and Mo segregated seriously in the dendrites. The carbides including M6C, Ti(C, N), (Cr, Ni)(C, N) and M23C6 were precipitated in the weld metal. The microhardness, tensile strength and impact toughness of WZ were higher than that of BM at room temperature. The tensile strength decreased with increasing temperature. The fracture mode at high temperature was ductile rupture, which was caused by the accumulation of tiny cavities.
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•Thick Inconel 617 plate was successfully welded using laser multi-pass narrow-gap welding method.•The U-shaped or V-shaped filling pass contributed to the formation of good layer without defects.•The microstructure and precipitates were observed and analyzed using OM, TEM and EBSD in detail.•The relationship between mechanical strength, fracture mechanism and microstructure was analyzed.
Mixed soil microbiomes were established by introducing aliquots of a paddy soil into a red soil. The new mixed microbiomes effectively metabolized high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic ...hydrocarbons (PAHs, pyrene) in the soil mixtures. The pyrene removal efficiencies were 19% and 98%, respectively, in the original red soil and the paddy soil. The pyrene removal effectiveness by the mixed microbial community was enhanced by increasing the amount of paddy soil inoculant and the pyrene removal rates were 93%, 58% and 27% in paddy soil/red soil mixtures of 1:1, 3:7 and 1:9 (w/w), respectively. Supplementation with sterile paddy soil and nutrients changed the soil environment but the pyrene removal efficiency was not enhanced, indicating that the microbial composition largely determined the extent of pyrene removal. Moreover, the pyrene removal rate was positively related to the pyrene dioxygenase gene (nidA) abundance. The greater the percentage of the paddy soil in the soil mixture the greater the similarity of the mixed microbiome to that of the original paddy soil itself. The community of the inoculated sterile paddy soil was similar to that of the red soil and the community diverged from those of the red soil and the paddy soil with increasing culture time. After culture for 42 days, some enriched genera were responsible for PAH degradation, notably Nevskia, Ralstonia, Gemmatimonas and Lysobacter, while some genera have no clear classification information or category name at the genus level, such as f__Acidobacteriaceae and o__JG30-KF-AS9. This study is very important in recognizing the role of natural soil in the formation of a mixed microbiome to stimulate the degradation of PAHs in a soil with low intrinsic PAH degradation capability.
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•Mixed soil microbiomes could enhance the pyrene removal.•The nidA abundance in soil was positively related to the pyrene removal rate.•Microbial community may largely determine the function of pyrene removal.•Environmental factors and complex interactions affect the microbial community.
We examined adaptations in nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons in mouse and rat peripheral nerve injury models of neuropathic pain. Injury selectively increased excitability of NAc shell indirect pathway ...spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) and altered their synaptic connectivity. Moreover, injury-induced tactile allodynia was reversed by inhibiting and exacerbated by exciting iSPNs, indicating that they not only participated in the central representation of pain, but gated activity in ascending nociceptive pathways.
The residual levels and risk assessment of several potentially toxic elements (PTEs), phthalate esters (PAEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rural soils near different types of ...pollution sources in Tianjin, China, were studied. The soils were found to be polluted to different extents with PTEs, PAEs and PAHs from different pollution sources. The soil concentrations of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), acenaphthylene (Any) and acenaphthene (Ane) were higher than their corresponding regulatory reference limits. The health risk assessment model used to calculate human exposure indicates that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from selected pollutants were generally acceptable or close to acceptable. Different types of pollution sources and soil physicochemical properties substantially affected the soil residual concentrations of and risks from these pollutants. PTEs in soils collected from agricultural lands around industrial and residential areas and organic pollutants (PAEs and PAHs) in soils collected from agricultural areas around livestock breeding were higher than those from other types of pollution sources and merit long-term monitoring.
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•Heavy metal, PAE and PAH contents in rural soils near different pollution sources were determined.•A health risk assessment model calculated human exposure to the pollutants.•Different pollution sources and soil physicochemical properties affected the soil contamination profiles.•The human health risks of As and Cr should be topics of future concern.
In this study, the responses of wheat seedlings to graphene oxide (GO) were investigated at a wide concentration range of 0–1000 mg L
−1
, including oxidative stress, real-time membrane potential as ...well as proton and calcium ion fluxes. The results show that GO induced a hormesis effect on root growth (low concentration (100 mg L
−1
) promotion and high concentration (1000 mg L
−1
) inhibition. Oxidative stress was responsible for the growth inhibition at GO concentration of 1000 mg L
−1
, as suggested from great stimulation in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and MDA content in roots or leaves. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) activities were highly correlated with MDA levels (r
2
= 0.963, 0.984, and 0.960, respectively). GO exposure caused significant concentration-dependent membrane depolarization in roots, and significantly inhibited H
+
efflux and extracellular Ca
2+
influx in root cap.
The positive or negative value (valence) of past experiences is normally integrated into neuronal circuits that encode episodic memories and plays an important role in guiding behavior. Here, we ...show, using mouse behavioral models, that glutamatergic afferents from the ventral tegmental area to the dorsal hippocampus (VTA→DH) signal negative valence to memory circuits, leading to the formation of fear-inducing context memories and to context-specific reinstatement of fear. To a lesser extent, these projections also contributed to opioid-induced place preference, suggesting a role in signaling positive valence as well, and thus a lack of dedicated polarity. Manipulations of VTA terminal activity were more effective in females and paralleled by sex differences in glutamatergic signaling. By prioritizing retrieval of negative and positive over neutral memories, the VTA→DH circuit can facilitate the selection of adaptive behaviors when current and past experiences are valence congruent.
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•PCB77 biodegradation efficiency increased significantly in soils treated with endogenous H2.•Endogenous H2 selected bacteria harboring PCB degradation genes.•Different taxa ...conducting successive metabolic steps of PCB metabolism.•Enriched hydrogenotrophic taxa encoding biphenyl oxidation genes drove PCB biodegradation through endogenous H2.
Endogenous hydrogen (H2) is produced through rhizobium-legume associations in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide through dinitrogen fixation. In turn, this gas may alter rhizosphere microbial community structure and modulate biogeochemical cycles. However, very little is understood about the role that this H2 leaking to the rhizosphere plays in shaping the persistent organic pollutants degrading microbes in contaminated soils. Here, we combined DNA-stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) with metagenomics to explore how endogenous H2 from the symbiotic rhizobium-alfalfa association drives the microbial biodegradation of tetrachlorobiphenyl PCB 77 in a contaminated soil. The results showed that PCB77 biodegradation efficiency increased significantly in soils treated with endogenous H2. Based on metagenomes of 13C-enriched DNA fractions, endogenous H2 selected bacteria harboring PCB degradation genes. Functional gene annotation allowed the reconstruction of several complete pathways for PCB catabolism, with different taxa conducting successive metabolic steps of PCB metabolism. The enrichment through endogenous H2 of hydrogenotrophic Pseudomonas and Magnetospirillum encoding biphenyl oxidation genes drove PCB biodegradation. This study proves that endogenous H2 is a significant energy source for active PCB-degrading communities and suggests that elevated H2 can influence the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of the legume rhizosphere.
Neuroplasticity in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), particularly its latero-capsular division (CeLC), is an important contributor to the emotional-affective aspects of pain. Previous ...studies showed synaptic plasticity of excitatory transmission to the CeLC in different pain models, but pain-related changes of inhibitory transmission remain to be determined. The CeLC receives convergent excitatory inputs from the parabrachial nucleus in the brainstem and from the basolateral amygdala (BLA). In addition, feedforward inhibition of CeA neurons is driven by glutamatergic projections from the BLA area to a cluster of GABAergic neurons in the intercalated cell masses (ITC). Using patch-clamp in rat brain slices we measured monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and polysynaptic inhibitory currents (IPSCs) that were evoked by electrical stimulation in the BLA. In brain slices from arthritic rats, input-output functions of excitatory synaptic transmission were enhanced whereas inhibitory synaptic transmission was decreased compared to control slices from normal untreated rats. A non-NMDA receptor antagonist (NBQX) blocked the EPSCs and reduced the IPSCs, suggesting that non-NMDA receptors mediate excitatory transmission and also contribute to glutamate-driven feed-forward inhibition of CeLC neurons. IPSCs were blocked by a GABAA receptor antagonist (bicuculline). Bicuculline increased EPSCs under normal conditions but not in slices from arthritic rats, which indicates a loss of GABAergic control of excitatory transmission. A metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) antagonist (LY367385) reversed both the increase of excitatory transmission and the decrease of inhibitory transmission in the arthritis pain model but had no effect on basal synaptic transmission in control slices from normal rats. The inhibitory effect of LY367385 on excitatory transmission was blocked by bicuculline suggesting the involvement of a GABAergic mechanism. An mGluR5 antagonist (MTEP) inhibited both excitatory and inhibitory transmission in slices from normal and from arthritic rats. The analysis of spontaneous and miniature EPSCs and IPSCs showed that mGluR1 acted presynaptically whereas mGluR5 had postsynaptic effects. In conclusion, mGluR1 rather than mGluR5 can account for the pain-related changes of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the CeLC through a mechanism that involves inhibition of inhibitory transmission (disinhibition).
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