Chipilin (Crotalaria longirostrata) is consumed as a vegetable in the preparation of traditional dishes. As a folk medicine, Chipilin extracts are used as a hypnotic and sedative agent; however, ...there are few reports that support these uses. This study aimed to characterize the compounds present in Chipilin leaf extracts and to investigate their sedative effect using zebrafish as an in vivo model. Extracts were obtained by maceration with water (H2O), ethanol (EtOH), and EtOH-H2O, while oleoresin was obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified by colorimetric methods. Phytochemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The chronic and acute toxicities of Chipilin extracts were tested in zebrafish embryos and larvae, respectively. Chipilin sedative effect was tested by the larvae response to dark–light–dark transitions. EtOH-H2O extracts had the highest value of total phenolics (5345 ± 5.1 μg GAE/g), followed by water and oleoresin (1815 ± 5.1 and 394 ± 5.1 μg GAE/g, respectively). In water extracts were identified the alkaloid trachelanthamidine, 1,2β-epoxy- and the alkyl ketone 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, while oleamide, α-monostearin, and erucamide were detected in all samples except in water extracts. Oleoresin extract had the lowest embryotoxicity (LC50 = 4.99 μg/mL) and the highest sedative effects. SFE is a green alternative to obtain Chipilin extracts rich in erucamide, an endocannabinoid analogue, which plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system and in modulating neurotransmitter release.
Las lesiones causadas por el tránsito (LCT) se encuentran dentro de las principales causas de mortalidad y discapacidad a nivel mundial, hecho reflejado en el puesto que ocupan dentro de las primeras ...diez causas de vida ajustados por discapacidad, con importantes costos e impacto económico y social para las sociedades que las padecen. En 2004, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) lanzó el primer informe sobre prevención de LCT. Sin embargo, en años posteriores esa situación no mejoró, por lo cual las Naciones Unidas lanzó la Década de Acción para la Seguridad Vial (2011-2020), donde se invitaba a los gobiernos a diseñar e implementar acciones para reducir la carga asociada a este problema; entre estas se encuentra diseño y mejoramiento de vías, atención oportuna pos siniestro, control de la velocidad, medidas de control administrativo, diseño y mejoramiento de estándares vehiculares, entre otras. Las medidas basadas en enfoque poblacional han demostrado ser más poderosas que las medidas que inducen cambios de comportamiento individual.
We used a mixed design study to analyze the inequalities and inequities in Maternal Mortality (MM) for Chocó (Colombia) between 2010-2018. The quantitative component consisted of an analytical ...ecological design, where proportions, ratios, measures of central tendency and rates ratios, rate difference, Gini and concentration indices were calculated to measure inequalities. The qualitative component had a phenomenological and interpretive approach. One hundred thirty-one women died in Choco between 2010-2018. The Maternal Mortality Ratio was 224/100.000 live births. The Gini coefficient was 0.35, indicating inequality in the distribution of the number of MM with respect to live births. The health service offers have been concentrated in the private sector in urban areas (77%). The exercise of midwifery has played an important role in maternal and perinatal care processes, especially in territories where the State has been absent. Nevertheless, it occurs in complex circumstances such as the armed conflict, lack of transportation routes, and income deficits, affecting the timelines and care quality for these vulnerable groups. MM in Chocó has been a consequence of deficiencies in the health system and weaknesses in its infrastructure (absence of a high level of maternal-perinatal care). This is in addition to the territory's geographical characteristics, which increase vulnerability and health risks for women and their newborns. In Colombia, as well as in other countries, many maternal and newborn deaths are preventable because their causes are due to social injustices.
Chagas disease is the leading cause of nonischemic cardiomyopathy in Latin America. Timely access to diagnosis and trypanocidal treatment and preventive tools for millions of infected people ...continues to be a challenge. The purpose of this study was to identify potential barriers for the diagnosis of Chagas disease in Colombia from the perspective of healthcare providers. Using a simultaneous mixed-methods study design, we analyzed trends in access to screening and diagnosis for Chagas disease in Colombia and assessed the national barriers to access. The main barriers to access at the national level included a limited governmental public health infrastructure for the diagnosis of Chagas disease and limited physician awareness and knowledge of the disease. Data indicate that 1.5% of total expected cases based on national prevalence estimates were reported. Few public health laboratories have the capacity to perform complementary tests for the diagnosis of Chagas disease and almost 6 months elapse between the requests of the tests and the confirmation of the disease. This study shows that infected people must overcome a number of barriers to achieve diagnosis. Reducing barriers to early diagnosis of Chagas disease is an important goal in the fight against the disease.
This paper presents the results of research that explores the social impacts and benefits of using digital visualization technologies, which include Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and ...Quick Response codes (QR codes). The target group for this study was senior citizens in an adult day care centre. This group was selected for two reasons: firstly, for belonging to a generation that has not grown up surrounded by digital technologies; and secondly, for therefore being at a disadvantage when it comes to adopting and using modern day information and communication technologies. Research was focused on the potential benefits of digital technologies and also on how senior citizens responded towards them, in particular how they felt these technologies were improving their social and personal well-being. Digital technologies were introduced into the day-to-day lives of senior citizens, providing them with a variety of alternative ways to access social media, communication tools or cultural content. Using digital technologies, they were also asked to perform activities related to their own personal and social well-being.
•Study was designed to bring senior citizens into digital visualisation technologies.•Training was carried out using social-media, communication apps and cultural contents.•Augmented Reality glasses and mobile devices were used for socializing.•We analyse technological media and perceptions of their use.•The results shown a high level of motivation, enthusiasm and satisfaction.
Background: The receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway is a determining pathway in the balance between bone formation and resorption, and ...disruptions in this complex can affect bone metabolism. Methods: This study analyzes the changes in RANKL, OPG, and 25(OH)D levels; the RANKL/OPG ratio; and other bone turnover markers (BTMs) from diagnosis to complete remission in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This is a prospective observational cohort study, carried out at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, including 33 patients (4–17 years) with newly diagnosed B-cell ALL. The patients were treated with the HP09 chemotherapy protocol. Children who had previously been treated with corticosteroids were excluded. A peripheral blood sample at diagnosis and remission was collected to determine the 25(OH)D and BTM concentrations. Results: Increased RANKL (p = 0.001) and osteocalcin (p < 0.001) levels and RANKL/OPG ratio (<0.001) and a decreased OPG level (p = 0.005) were observed at remission, predominantly in the high-risk (HR) relapse and vitamin D deficiency groups. A negative association between RANKL and OPG (r = −0.454, p = 0.008) was observed. Conclusions: we suggest that the RANKL/OPG ratio could serve as a bone remodeling marker in ALL patients.
Introducción: datos de varios países del mundo sugieren que los niños con COVID-19 podrían presentar síntomas diferentes y menos graves que los adultos. Sin embargo, los patrones epidemiológicos y ...clínicos en este grupo poblacional son poco claros. Métodos: el presente es un estudio observacional, con una caracterización inicial transversal-analítica, y con un componente longitudinal o de seguimiento a un grupo de menores con sospecha y/o diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19, que presentaron desenlaces como mejoría, traslado a un nivel superior de atención o defunción por sintomatología respiratoria. Los niños recibieron atención médica en el Hospital General Regional con Medicina Familiar N.o 1 (HGR C/MF N.o 1), y se les realizó prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (RT-PCR). Resultados: se estudiaron 98 niños como casos sospechosos para COVID-19, a quienes se les realizó RT-PCR. Del total, 24 resultaron positivos y 74 fueron negativos. La mediana de edad de los participantes fue 64,4 meses (0 a 203 meses), 55 menores eran de sexo masculino, 59 niños tuvieron manejo ambulatorio, y de estos 14 presentaron resultado positivo. Entre los que requirieron manejo hospitalario (39), 10 niños dieron positivo para SARS-CoV-2, y, de estos, 84,7% alcanzaron mejoría y fueron dados de alta; 4 fueron trasladados a hospitales de nivel superior de atención. De los 98 niños en estudio, 11 fallecieron, 7 con resultado negativo y 4 con resultado positivo para SARS-CoV-2.
Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) es una enfermedad crónica cuya prevalencia elevada hace que sea un importante problema de salud pública, social y económico en los países. Objetivo. ...Identificar factores de riesgo potencialmente asociados al control glucémico y Síndrome Metabólico (SM) de pacientes con DMT2 de una Institución prestadora de Servicios de Salud (IPS) de Villavicencio. Materiales y métodos. Estudio analítico transversal a partir de información secundaria. Se establecieron modelos multivariados basados en regresiones binomiales para analizar razones de prevalencia ajustadas en dos variables: síndrome metabólico y control glucémico. Resultados. Más del 90% de los individuos eran mayores de 49 años; 50,6% hombres; 46,6% presentó cifras de la prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) mayor a 7%; 64,5% tenían SM. Los individuos con hiperglicemia tuvieron 3,1 veces más riesgo de tener inadecuado control glucémico (IC 95%:2,28-4,25, p<0,05); aquellos con hipotiroidismo presentaron 1,2 veces más riesgo de desarrollar SM (IC 95%:1,01-1,35; p<0,05) y aquellos con cardiopatía tuvieron 1,3 veces más riesgo de desarrollar SM. Conclusiones. A pesar de ser una población controlada y en proceso de monitoreo, alto porcentaje de pacientes presentó inadecuado control metabólico, aumentando el riesgo cardiovascular, esto sugiere optimizar procesos de seguimiento institucional.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a re-emerging disease considered a public health concern. In the present study, we analyzed the epidemiology and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated ...from patients with pulmonary TB.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates (n = 190) were obtained from patients with pulmonary TB admitted to Dr. José Eleuterio González University Hospital (UH). Each M. tuberculosis isolate was analyzed by spoligotyping (spacer oligonucleotide typing) and MIRU-VNTR (Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeat). Drug resistance was evaluated using the Anyplex™ II MTB/MDR/XDR assay.
The predominant spoligotypes observed were X1 (SIT 119, n = 46), T1 (SIT 53, n = 40), H3 (SIT 50, n = 13), Beijing (SIT 1, n = 11), and EAI2-Manila (SIT 19, n = 8). MIRU-VNTR analysis showed that the locus QUB-26 had the highest allelic variability. The observed drug resistance included monoresistance to rifampicin (2.6%; n = 5), isoniazid (3.2%; n = 6), and fluoroquinolones (1.6%; n = 3) as well as multidrug resistance (5.3%; n = 10). All of the Beijing strains were susceptible. Regarding comorbidities, 13.7% (26/190) of the patients were co-infected with TB and HIV (TB+HIV+), and 31.6% (55/190) had TB along with diabetes (TB + diabetes).
The most prevalent lineages were X1 (SIT 119; 24.3%) and T1 (SIT 53; 21%). An alarming proportion (12.6%) of M. tuberculosis isolates presented drug resistance. To effectively manage TB, continuous surveillance of regional strain dissemination, drug resistance profiles, and TB-associated comorbidities is crucial.
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