Dehumanization as a Response to Uncivil and Immoral Behaviors Rodríguez-Gómez, Laura; Delgado, Naira; Rodríguez-Pérez, Armando ...
European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE),
09/2022, Letnik:
12, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Theoretical approaches to dehumanization consider civility to be an attribute of human uniqueness (HU). However, studies that explore the links between civility and humanness are scarce. More ...precisely, the present research tests whether there is a consistent relationship between civility and HU. Method and results: The first study (N = 192; Mage = 19.91; SD = 2.70; 69% women) shows that individuals infer more HU traits in the agents of civil behaviors compared to agents of other positive behaviors that are not related to civility. The second study (N = 328; Mage = 19.69; SD = 3.65; 77% women) reveals that uncivil and immoral behaviors displayed a similar pattern of inference of HU traits; however, moral behaviors were more associated with human nature than civil behaviors. Conclusions: Overall, results confirmed that civil behaviors facilitate the inference of humanness, specifically of HU traits, and that civil and moral behaviors are not equivalent in terms of the human inferences to which they lead.
Previous research shows that civility norms, such as morality norms, are necessary navigational charts to orient an individual in social life. However, there are no studies that establish the extent ...to which people consider civility norms as objective facts in a similar way to how many moral norms are considered. This research examines the perceived objectivity of civility norms in contrast to morality norms. The results show, firstly, that immoral norms are perceived to be significantly more objective than moral norms, but the opposite occurs with civility norms. Second, there is a high correlation between what participants consider objective and what they believe the rest of their community considers objective. However, this correlation was greater for immoral behaviors than for moral behaviors, and the opposite occurred for civility behaviors. Finally, participants estimated that the percentage of people in their group who engage in uncivil behaviors is higher than those who engage in immoral behaviors.
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been a global public health emergency, with 209.89 million cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2 recorded, resulting in 4,401,675 deaths. After recuperation, it is ...probable that COVID-19 patients have sequelae of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the respiratory anatomical-functional sequelae in Mexican patients who recovered from COVID-19.
This study included twenty-four patients who recovered from COVID-19 and eight non-infected patients (controls). Participants were screened for SARS-CoV-2 and the presence of IgM/IgG antibodies. Pulmonary function and lung anatomical abnormalities were evaluated by spirometry and computerized tomography.
A total of 45.8% of the patients had pulmonary function with obstructive patterns: 70.8% of recovered cases had COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) 1, 20.8% CO-RADS 3 and 16.7% CO-RADS 4. A total of 35.3% of patients with CO-RADS 1 also showed bilateral nodal growth; 70.8% of patients tested positive for IgG and 8.4% for IgG/IgM, and 20.8% tested negative for both antibodies.
There were respiratory anatomical and functional sequelae in Mexican patients who recovered from COVID-19, with a high occurrence of pulmonary obstructive patterns in the study population. These observations indicate the importance of the routine evaluation of sequelae in Mexican patients who recovered from COVID-19 and the need for strict follow-up to improve the quality of life of these patients.
Free-living diazotrophs are important contributors of reduced N forms in drylands. They can be affected by soil microhabitat formed by plant species, soil depth, soil properties, and seasonality in ...drylands. We evaluated the effect of soil microhabitat, soil depth, and seasonality on the free-living diazotrophs in a Mexican tropical dryland, through the analysis of the number of nifH genes in soil beneath the shrubs Parkinsonia praecox and Prosopis laevigata, and in bare soil at different soil depths, during the dry and rainy seasons. We also evaluated the relationship between the nifH genes and soil properties. The number of nifH genes was greater under P. laevigata than under P. praecox and in bare soil during the rainy season. The nifH genes were related to soil moisture content and orthophosphates during the dry season. The number of nifH genes was greater in the upper than in the lower soil layers in P. laevigata and bare soil, but not in P. praecox. The number of nifH genes was greater in the rainy than in the dry season. We concluded that soil microhabitat, soil depth, and seasonality can control the free-living diazotrophs in this Mexican tropical dryland.
•The nifH genes were not related to any soil property in the rainy season.•The nifH genes were related to moisture and orthophosphates in the dry season.•The number of nifH genes tended to decrease with soil depth.•The number of nifH genes was higher in the rainy than in the dry season.•Free-living diazotrophs differ between microhabitat, soil depth, and seasonality.
If people favor their ingroup, are especially concerned with their own group, and attribute different essences to different groups, it follows that their essence must be superior to the essence of ...other groups. Intelligence, language, and certain emotions are all considered to be distinctive elements of human nature or essence. The role of inteligence and language in discrimination, prejudice, and racism has already been largely investigated, and this article focuses on attributed emotions. Specifically, we investigate the idea that secondary emotions are typically human characteristics, and as such, they should be especially associated with and attributed to the ingroup. Seondary emotions may even be denied to outgroups. These differential associations and attributions of specifically human emotions to ingroups versus outgroups should affect intergroup relations. Results from several initial experiments are summarized that support our reasoning. This emotional approach to prejudice and racism is contrasted with more classic, cognitive perspectives.
Mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota) seeds oil has potential as human consumption oil due to its high content of oleic acid. In order to design a solid-liquid extraction sustainable process, ...(hexane)-(oil)-(Pouteria sapota seeds) extractive system was modeled for different extraction modes applying novel mathematical relations. One equilibrium stage solid-liquid extractions (SLE) and dynamic SLE with continuous solvent flow through a particles fixed bed were experimentally performed in order to estimate the extractive system thermodynamic properties. The results for thermodynamic distribution constant, specific retained solution and oil diffusivity in underflow (seeds-extract mixture) were 0.24 g/g, 1.58 g/g and 8.68 × 10−11 m2/s (at 30 °C) respectively. These properties, applied in the mathematical models of counter-current equilibrium multistage and dynamic SLE processes, reproduced experimental behavior with 4.53–16.7 average difference %.
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•Oil extraction from Pouteria sapota seeds was modeled with novel mass transfer approaches.•(hexane)-(oil)-(Pouteria sapota seeds) mixture was studied as extractive system.•Thermodynamic properties were experimentally estimated with novel techniques.•Model predicted experimental multiple-stage extractions with less than 17% average error.•Model predicted experimental dynamic extractions with less than 10% average error.
•Thermodynamic and economic feasibility of coconut oil extraction with supercritical CO2 was evaluated.•Empirical state equations surrounding critical CO2 point were fitted.•A rigorous mathematical ...model for extraction kinetics was built.•Mass transfer and equilibrium properties of coconut oil were empirically evaluated.•All information was synthesized in an optimal design problem.
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Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2 as solvent has demonstrated to be friendlier with the environment than traditional extraction processes and technically feasible. However, the required CO2 thermodynamic cycles at high pressures (in critical point surroundings) demand high energy consumption. Therefore, in this research a rigorous economic and thermic optimization for coconut oil SFE was proposed. A novel combination of CO2 empirical state equations, equilibrium and mass transfer models (expressed as ordinary differential equations) of coconut oil SFE were synthesized with raw material and manufacture costs in an optimization problem. The unitary cost of the extracted coconut oil was defined as target function for minimization, with productivity and yield as constrains. The optimal results provide the low cycle temperature, CO2 flow, the extraction vessel volume and the extraction time, that minimize the target variable and satisfy constrains.
Emotion scientists often distinguish those emotions that are encountered universally, even among animals ( "primary emotions"), from those experienced by human beings ( "secondary emotions"). No ...attempt, however, has ever been made to capture the lay conception about this distinction and to find the criteria on which the distinction is based. The first study presented in this paper was conducted in three countries involving four languages, so as to allow for cross-cultural comparisons. Results showed a remarkable convergence. People from all samples not only differentiated between "uniquely human" and "non-uniquely human" emotions on a continuum, but they did so on the same basis as the one used by emotion scientists to distinguish between "primary" and "secondary" emotions. Study 2 focused on the implicit use of such a distinction. When confronted with a human (animal) context, participants reacted faster to secondary (vs primary) emotions. The implications of the human uniqueness of some emotions within the social and interpersonal contexts are discussed.
The Maghreb is a key region for understanding the dynamics of cattle dispersal and admixture with local aurochs following their earliest domestication in the Fertile Crescent more than 10,000 years ...ago. Here, we present data on autosomal genomes and mitogenomes obtained for four archaeological specimens of Iron Age (∼2,800 cal BP–2,000 cal BP) domestic cattle from the Eastern Maghreb, i.e. Althiburos (El Kef, Tunisia). D-loop sequences were obtained for an additional eight cattle specimens from this site. Maternal lineages were assigned to the elusive R and ubiquitous African-T1 haplogroups found in two and ten Althiburos specimens, respectively. Our results can be explained by post-domestication hybridization of Althiburos cattle with local aurochs. However, we cannot rule out an independent domestication in North Africa considering the shared ancestry of Althiburos cattle with the pre-domestic Moroccan aurochs and present-day African taurine cattle.
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•The first genome-wide study of Iron Age cattle from the North-Eastern Maghreb•The oldest R-mitogenomes (∼2,800 cal BP–2,000 cal BP) of domestic cattle•Genomic affinity between Althiburos cattle and a pre-domestic Northwest African aurochs•Shared ancestry between Iron Age Althiburos cattle and the African taurine N’Dama breed
Biological sciences; Omics; Genomics; Paleobiology; Paleogenetics
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