The 21st-century problem of Internet addiction is increasing globally, but especially among university students. Not surprisingly, then, problematic Internet use is associated with university ...students' academic procrastination. Because studies are scarce in Mexico and Spain has one of the highest rates of Internet addiction in Europe, this paper (i) analyzed the presence and degree of Internet addiction among university students in Mexico and Spain, (ii) determined potential sociodemographic factors influencing Internet addiction, and (iii) established the type of correlation between Internet addiction and academic procrastination. The cross-sectional study design used an online questionnaire to measure problematic Internet use and academic procrastination through convenience sampling at one university in Mexico and one in Spain. The questionnaire contained three sections: participants' sociodemographic data, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Academic Procrastination Scale. The final sample comprised 758 university students, 387 from Mexico, and 371 from Spain, aged from 18 to 35 (M = 20.08, SD = 3.16). Results revealed similar prevalence rates of problematic and daily Internet use for leisure, potentially influencing Internet addiction in all three models (i.e., Mexico, Spain, and Total). Additionally, significant positive correlation was revealed between problematic Internet use and academic procrastination (p < .001). Finally, findings showed relevant data on Internet addiction's prevalence in Mexican and Spanish university contexts, along with its influential sociodemographic factors.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-based chatbots, such as ChatGPT, are transforming the approach to education. In particular, ChatGPT’s potential to process large amounts of data and learn from ...user interactions makes it a beneficial resource for students, albeit with some reluctance from some teachers. This study aimed to explore the acceptance of ChatGPT by university students. The researchers administered an online survey to 400 Spanish university students aged 18–64 (
M
= 21.80;
SD
= 6.40). The results of the methodological approach based on the UTAUT2 model for technology adoption showed that: 1) gender was not a determining variable in any construct while the experience of use was a factor conditioning a higher score on all constructs; 2) experience, performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, price value, and habit were influential in behavioral intention to use ChatGPT; 3) facilitating conditions, habit, and behavioral intention were conditioning factors in user behavior. Finally, this report discusses the findings and practical implications of the work and recommends some good uses for ChatGPT.
Artificial intelligence has experienced major developments in recent years and represents an emerging technology that will revolutionize the ways in which human beings live. This technology is ...already being introduced in the field of higher education, although many teachers are unaware of its scope and, above all, of what it consists of. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to analyse the scientific production on artificial intelligence in higher education indexed in Web of Science and Scopus databases during 2007–2017. A bespoke methodology of bibliometric studies was used in the most relevant databases in social science. The sample was composed of 132 papers in total. From the results obtained, it was observed that there is a worldwide interest in the topic and that the literature on this subject is just at an incipient stage. We conclude that, although artificial intelligence is a reality, the scientific production about its application in higher education has not been consolidated.
Hierarchical porous carbons (HPC) were fabricated from lignin by hard template method using Beta and Y zeolites as templates. Textural properties were dictated by the hard template, obtaining a ...bi-modal pore size distribution with similar micropore sizes but different mesopore sizes. These HPCs provide a well-connected and developed porosity that show capacitance values near to 140 F g−1 in 1 M H2SO4 at 1 A g−1 and a capacitance retention of ca. 50% and 40% when the specific current is increased from 1 to 64 A g−1 for the Y and the Beta-based carbons, respectively. A symmetric capacitor working at 1.2 V with energy densities of 4.2 Wh kg−1 at 1.3 kW kg−1 has been obtained using the Beta-based HPC. Asymmetric in mass design allowed to operate the capacitor safely at 1.4 V, yielding an energy density of 6.3 Wh kg−1 at 1.3 kW kg−1, an increase of 50% with respect to the symmetric configuration, while keeping a maximum power near to 50 kW kg−1. This capacitor has an energy density comparable to that of a symmetric supercapacitor built using a commercial activated carbon of much higher porosity development, outperforming it in terms of energy, coulombic efficiencies and maximum power.
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•Green supercapacitors constructed with lignin-based HPC in aqueous electrolyte.•Asymmetric design allowed to safely expand the voltage to 1.4 V.•Performance comparable to commercial activated carbon in spite of its lower porosity.•Higher power densities can be achieved with the HPC compared to commercial AC.
Currently, there are several methodological models that have broken into different disciplines of knowledge with the aim of making the teaching/learning process more dynamic, active and participatory ...for students. This is the case of Flipped Classroom, which is based on a mixed approach between e-learning and face-to-face teaching, as well as gamification, which bases its didactic principles on the recreational components of the games. Within this context, the aim of this research is to observe what effect the application of Flipped Classroom and gamification has in the development of motivation, autonomy and self-regulation towards learning through a didactic unit on healthy habits and diet in 202 students of 6th grade of Primary School from four different schools (public and state-subsidized) in the city of Granada (Spain). For this purpose, a methodological design was used with pre-test and post-test to check the effects of the experience on the students. The findings obtained showed that the application of these methods promoted an increase in students' motivation, as well as in their autonomy and self-regulation when facing the contents of the subject. For this reason, it is advocated that there is a need to continue promoting a quality and innovative educational practice according to the figure of the student today.
Cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) in Spain increased in summer 2020. Here we report on this increase and the local, regional and national public health measures taken in response. We ...analysed data from regional surveillance networks and the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network, both for human and animal West Nile virus (WNV) infection. During the 2020 season, a total of 77 human cases of WNV infection (median age 65 years; 60% males) were detected in the south-west of Spain; 72 (94%) of these cases developed WNND, presenting as meningoencephalitis, seven of which were fatal. In the previous two decades, only six human cases of WNND were detected in Spain. Reduced activities for vector control this season, together with other factors, might have contributed to the massive increase. Public health measures including vector control, campaigns to raise awareness among physicians and the general population, and interventions to ensure the safety of donations of blood products, organs, cells and tissues were effective to reduce transmission. Going forward, maintenance of vector control activities and an update of the vector-borne diseases response plan in Spain is needed.
Catalytic dehydration of methanol on an acid carbon catalyst prepared by chemical activation of olive stone with H3PO4 is reported. This preparation methodology produces carbons with a well-developed ...porous texture and highly thermally stable phosphorus surface complexes in the forms of C–O–PO3 and C–PO3. These P groups confer the carbon with a high oxidation resistance, surface acid, and redox sites. In the absence of oxygen, the catalyst experiment demonstrated a gradual deactivation due to coke deposition on the strong acid sites (P–OH) and reduction of the moderate-strength acid P-surface groups (from C–O–P to C–P type ones). The novelty of this research concerns the high catalytic stability in air atmosphere of this type of carbon with a steady-state methanol conversion of 20% at 300 °C and selectivity towards dimethyl ether of 95%. The presence of oxygen in the reaction gas avoids coke deposition by continuous (re)oxidation of reduced P-surface groups, without gasification of the carbon catalyst.
Background: To analyze the course of microglial and macroglial activation in injured and contralateral retinas after unilateral optic nerve crush (ONC). Methods: The left optic nerve of adult ...pigmented C57Bl/6 female mice was intraorbitally crushed and injured, and contralateral retinas were analyzed from 1 to 45 days post-lesion (dpl) in cross-sections and flat mounts. As controls, intact retinas were studied. Iba1+ microglial cells (MCs), activated phagocytic CD68+MCs and M2 CD206+MCs were quantified. Macroglial cell changes were analyzed by GFAP and vimentin signal intensity. Results: After ONC, MC density increased significantly from 5 to 21 dpl in the inner layers of injured retinas, remaining within intact values in the contralateral ones. However, in both retinas there was a significant and long-lasting increase of CD68+MCs. Constitutive CD206+MCs were rare and mostly found in the ciliary body and around the optic-nerve head. While in the injured retinas their number increased in the retina and ciliary body, in the contralateral retinas decreased. Astrocytes and Müller cells transiently hypertrophied in the injured retinas and to a lesser extent in the contralateral ones. Conclusions: Unilateral ONC triggers a bilateral and persistent activation of MCs and an opposed response of M2 MCs between both retinas. Macroglial hypertrophy is transient.
Aims
Physical and psychiatric comorbidities are common in cancer patients and could impact their treatment and prognosis. However, the evidence base regarding the influence of comorbidities in the ...management and health service use of patients is still scant. In this research we investigated how physical comorbidities are related to the mental health and help‐seeking of cancer patients.
Methods
Data were obtained from the representative National Health Survey of Spain (2017). Participants were respondents who reported a cancer diagnosis (n = 484). These were also matched with controls without cancer history (n = 484) based on age, gender, and region. Four alternative physical comorbidities indices were created based on information regarding 28 chronic conditions. Outcomes of interest were psychological distress and having consulted a mental healthcare professional in the year before the survey.
Results
Thirty percent of cancer patients reported significant psychological distress but only 10% had consulted a professional. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, among cancer patients each additional comorbidity was associated with 9% higher odds of reporting high psychological distress (odds ratio OR = 1.09, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.01–1.16) and 21% higher odds of having consulted a mental healthcare professional (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.09–1.34). The effects of comorbidities depended on the type of index and were different in controls without cancer history.
Conclusion
Physical comorbidities in cancer patients are associated with higher risk of psychological distress and higher demand for mental health services. We encourage further research on this issue as it could improve mental health screening and management in oncologic care.
Social and emotional learning (SEL) has acquired great prominence in recent years, due to the skills it develops in students, influencing personal and social well-being. At the same time, society is ...moving toward a model in which understanding oneself and others is a fundamental aspect in order to function properly on a social level. Studies on SEL programmes have been carried out in various parts of the world, although recent reviews have focused exclusively on the Anglo-Saxon context. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to synthesize research on the efficacy and effectiveness of SEL programmes in Ibero-American contexts in early childhood, primary and secondary education. Systematic review was used as the method of enquiry, following the standards of The Campbell Collaboration. In total, 22 empirical studies of SEL programmes implemented in Ibero-America were collected. The results showed that the SEL variables with the highest incidence and significant results were self-awareness, social awareness, self-control, relationship skills, decision-making, school climate, well-being, and academic achievement. While no studies focused on sense of belonging or school safety. Finally, the establishment of programme components, duration, and integration, for each variable, scientifically evidences the keys that can ensure the success of future SEL programmes.
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