The effect of saline soils on the functional state of glycohalophytes of the genus
Artemisia
(
A
.
santonica
,
A. pauciflora
, and
A. lerchiana
) in the basin of Lake Elton (Prieltonye) is studied. ...It is established that the higher levels of water and Na
+
content in
A
.
santonica
leaves are correlated with a high content of pigments, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds against the background of more intensive oxidative processes. It is noted that the accumulation of a significant amount of free amino acids is characteristic of the species
A. pauciflora
and
A. lerchiana
. At the level of structural components of membranes in
A. pauciflora
and
A. lerchiana
leaves, a high level of digalactosyldiacylglycerol and linolenic acid was recorded in the composition of the lipids of thylakoid membranes and an elevated concentration of phosphatidylcholine was found in nonplastid membranes.
Interrelation between the morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and productivity of potato plants was shown for the first time using the example of a mid-season-ripening variety (v.) Siversky and a ...mid-early Tretyakovka v. The yield of Siversky v. turned out to be 1.6 times higher than the yield of Tretyakovka. Aboveground biomass of Siversky v. was distinguished by an increased content of photosynthetic pigments, a greater variability of the protein and lipid metabolism indicators, and more intense oxidation processes and antioxidant protection, which can be the key to its greater productivity. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the greatest relationship in the climatic conditions of central Russia in 2020 was found for productivity and such indicators as the stomata number per unit leaf area, the number of stems, and the content of pigments, phospholipids, neutral lipids, and water-soluble part of the protein. Thus, both morphological and physiological–biochemical properties can influence the course and direction of the production process, and, hence, the yield of a certain variety.
A new technique for the determination of the concentration of active centers of polymerization and propagation rate constants for processes of cationic polymerization of conjugated dienes was ...proposed. The method consists of the quantitative calculation from the
13
C NMR spectra of the concentration of the initial units of the polymer chain polydienes synthesized at different monomer conversions and the subsequent extrapolation of the obtained values to the zero monomer conversion. Using the proposed procedure, the chain propagation rate constants were determined for the cationic polymerization of isoprene and 1,3-pentadiene in the presence of a titanium tetrachloride–
tert
-butyl chloride catalytic system.
To study the characteristics of the structure and the functional role of chloroplast membranes of halophytes with different salt tolerance strategy, raft structures were isolated. Lipid analysis data ...provided evidence for the presence of rafts in the chloroplast membranes. The discovered significant differences in the content of raft-forming lipids in different halophytes suggest a relationship between the functions of rafts and the mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants.
The elemental composition and the content of pigments, proteins, lipids, free amino acids, and antioxidants of five wild halophyte species in Prieltonye were investigated. Plants differed in ...systematic location (Chenopodiaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Asteraceae), the type of regulation of salt metabolism (eu-, cryno, and glycohalophytes), life form (annual grasses, shrubs), and the water regime (mesoxerophytes, xeromesophytes). A decrease in the ion content of K, Na, Ca among Suaeda linifolia > Salicornia perennans > Halocnemum strobilaceum > Limonium gmelinii > Artemisia santonica was noted. The reversed pattern was observed for the content of C. The increase in the total content of C in glyco-, cryno-, and euhalophytes was accompanied by an increased content of total and membrane lipids, proteins, and pigments. Halophytes varied considerably in terms of components of the antioxidant system—the content of endogenous proline, soluble protein, and lipid peroxidation and the level of total SOD activity. Cluster analysis revealed that the differentiation of the studied halophyte species by the type of regulation of salt metabolism was mostly determined by biochemical parameters.
The qualitative and quantitative compositions of several biologically active compounds (BACs) in various organs from plants of the family Plantaginaceae, including pharmacopoeial P. major, were ...studied. The compositions of extracted compounds were identical qualitatively but differed quantitatively depending on the plant species and organ. The plants were placed in the following order with respect to total content of BACs: P. uliginosa > P. major > P. salsa > P. cornuti > P. stepposa > P. lanceolata > P. media. The results indicated that these plants could be used as additional sources of BACs.
—
The relationship is studied between the physiological and biochemical characteristics of different ecological halophyte groups and their adaptive strategies (determined by the type of adaptation to ...soil salinity, type of photosynthesis, and life form). It is found that the key parameters that determine the formation of different adaptation strategies of halophytes are the rate of CO
2
gas exchange, content of chlorophylls
a
+
b
, and cell membrane permeability. At the same time, different adaptation strategies of halophytes significantly differ in the pattern and range of variation in their physiological and biochemical characteristics, which indicates different manifestations of adaptation mechanisms and deeper ecological differentiation of individual halophyte species and groups.
The lipid composition of Potamogeton pectinatus L. collected in different parts of the Sok River in the Lower Volga basin was studied. Differences were found in the quantitative lipid composition of ...the plant as a function of habitat. Plants inhabiting contaminated waters typically had a lower content of total lipids and glycolipids with an increased content of neutral lipids in addition to a lower content of polyunsaturated acids.
The composition of fatty acids (FAs) of a green alga (Ulva intestinalis) inhabiting small rivers of the Elton Lake basin has been investigated. It has been established that long-chain FAs with 16 and ...18 carbon atoms are essential. We have investigated the composition variability of FAs of lipids of U. intestinalis depending on environmental factors: the level of mineralization, temperature, oxygen saturation, and acidity. It has been revealed that FA nonsaturation increases with an increase in mineralization. We assume that ω-6 and ω-3 desaturases participate in the adaptation of U. intestinalis to this factor.
The fatty-acid composition of total lipids from eurybiotic species of green alga Ulva intestinalis from saltwater and estuaries of the Caspian arid zone basin (Elton Region) was studied. It was shown ...that the relative content of trienoic acids increased and the relative content of long-chain acids decreased as the salinity of the water increased. A feature of the phospholipid composition of U. intestinalis estuary populations was the presence of phosphatidylcholine in plants growing in water with salinity 10.0–11.6 g/L and its absence in algae at higher salinities (28.5–31.2 g/L).
