Realizing the common wealth of all people is the essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Measuring the process of realizing common wealth and the differences between groups ...is one of the important issues that need to be addressed urgently. In order to reasonably measure the process of realizing common wealth in China, on the premise of horizontal comparability and vertical consistency, the principles of comparability and consistency are introduced, and a comparative method of opportunity advantage based on income distribution is proposed from the perspective of opportunity equity. Using the 2012-2020 CFPS data to measure and test the opportunity advantages and their differences across regions and groups in China. The study found, firstly, that the opportunity advantage persists but tends to diminish across groups, with the more educated group having a more pronounced opportunity advantage, but that this advantage is diminishing over time. Secondly, the doctoral degree group has a greater probability of earning higher incomes, followed by the master's and bachelor's degree groups, but this opportunity advantage, i.e., the probability of earning higher incomes, is diminishing, i.e., the education dividend is diminishing. Third, the difference in opportunity advantage between urban and rural areas still exists, as evidenced by the greater probability of higher incomes in towns than in rural areas, but this advantage has narrowed further over time, with a clear process of urban-rural integration. Fourthly, in terms of gender, men have a certain opportunity advantage over women, but this difference is not significant. Fifthly, in the context of education levels, gender and urban/rural subgroups, under the framework proposed in this paper, China has achieved some success in the process of realizing the common wealth, and is showing a steady upward trend.
Objectives
We aim to compare the diagnostic performance to assess thyroid nodules and reliability for recommending fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) between American College of Radiology thyroid ...image reporting and data system (ACR TI-RADS) and American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines.
Methods
In total, this retrospective study included 1001 consecutive thyroid nodules in 918 patients from May 2016 to December 2017. US features of the thyroid nodules, including composition, echogenicity, shape, margins, echogenic foci, and size, were reviewed and were classified according to ACR TI-RADS and ATA guidelines, respectively. The diagnostic performance to assess thyroid nodules and reliability for recommending fine needle aspiration biopsy were compared between ACR TI-RADS and ATA guidelines.
Results
Of the 1001 thyroid nodules, 609 (60.8%) were benign and 392 (39.2%) were malignant. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 96.7%, 77.3%, 73.3%, 97.3%, and 84.9%, respectively, for ACR TI-RADS and 99.2%, 16.1%, 43.2%, 97.0%, and 48.7%, respectively, for ATA guidelines. AUC of ACR TI-RADS was significantly greater than ATA guidelines (0.935 (0.918, 0.949) vs 0.884 (0.862, 0.903),
p
< 0.001). Biopsy yield of malignancy, biopsy rate of malignancy, and unnecessary FNAB rate were 59.5%, 91.3%, and 40.5%, respectively, for ACR TI-RDS and 38.5%, 97.4%, and 61.5%, respectively, for ATA guidelines.
Conclusions
ACR TI-RADS was more accurate than ATA guidelines for differentiating malignant thyroid nodules from benign nodules and more reliable than ATA guidelines for recommending thyroid nodules for FNAB.
Key Points
•
Malignant risk of thyroid nodules can be stratified by ultrasound.
• American College of Radiology guidelines were more accurate for differentiating malignant thyroid nodules from benign nodules.
• American College of Radiology guidelines were more reliable for recommending thyroid nodules for biopsy.
Phytopathogenic fungi decrease crop yield and quality and cause huge losses in agricultural production. To prevent the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests, farmers have to use many synthetic ...chemical pesticides. The extensive use of these pesticides has resulted in a series of environmental and ecological problems, such as the increase in resistant weed populations, soil compaction, and water pollution, which seriously affect the sustainable development of agriculture. This review discusses the main advances in research on plant-pathogenic fungi in terms of their pathogenic factors such as cell wall-degrading enzymes, toxins, growth regulators, effector proteins, and fungal viruses, as well as their application as biocontrol agents for plant pests, diseases, and weeds. Finally, further studies on plant-pathogenic fungal resources with better biocontrol effects can help find new beneficial microbial resources that can control diseases.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the aggregation of neurotoxic proteins in the central nervous system. Aberrant protein accumulation in NDs is largely caused by the dysfunction ...of the two principal protein catabolism pathways, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). The two protein quality control pathways are bridged by ubiquitination, a post-translational modification that can induce protein degradation via both the UPS and the ALP. Perturbed ubiquitination leads to the formation of toxic aggregates and inclusion bodies that are deleterious to neurons. Ubiquitination is promoted by a cascade of ubiquitinating enzymes and counter-regulated by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). As fine-tuning regulators of ubiquitination and protein degradation, DUBs modulate the stability of ND-associated pathogenic proteins including amyloid β protein, Tau, and α-synuclein. Besides, DUBs also influence ND-associated mitophagy, protein secretion, and neuroinflammation. Given the various and critical functions of DUBs in NDs, DUBs may become potential therapeutic targets for NDs.
Orthorhombic Bi2Fe4O9 microplatelets and nanosheets were successfully synthesized through a rather facile hydrothermal process. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, ...scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and UV−vis absorption spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange under UV and visible irradiation. The Bi2Fe4O9 nanosheets showed high photocatalytic activity toward methyl orange degradation under visible and UV irradiation, while the Bi2Fe4O9 microplatelets were active only under UV irradiation.
Herein, we report the effects of graphene oxides on human fibroblast cells and mice with the aim of investigating graphene oxides' biocompatibility. The graphene oxides were prepared by the modified ...Hummers method and characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscope and atomic force microscopy. The human fibroblast cells were cultured with different doses of graphene oxides for day 1 to day 5. Thirty mice divided into three test groups (low, middle, high dose) and one control group were injected with 0.1, 0.25, and 0.4 mg graphene oxides, respectively, and were raised for 1 day, 7 days, and 30 days, respectively. Results showed that the water-soluble graphene oxides were successfully prepared; graphene oxides with dose less than 20 μg/mL did not exhibit toxicity to human fibroblast cells, and the dose of more than 50 μg/mL exhibits obvious cytotoxicity such as decreasing cell adhesion, inducing cell apoptosis, entering into lysosomes, mitochondrion, endoplasm, and cell nucleus. Graphene oxides under low dose (0.1 mg) and middle dose (0.25 mg) did not exhibit obvious toxicity to mice and under high dose (0.4 mg) exhibited chronic toxicity, such as 4/9 mice death and lung granuloma formation, mainly located in lung, liver, spleen, and kidney, almost could not be cleaned by kidney. In conclusion, graphene oxides exhibit dose-dependent toxicity to cells and animals, such as inducing cell apoptosis and lung granuloma formation, and cannot be cleaned by kidney. When graphene oxides are explored for in vivo applications in animal or human body, its biocompatibility must be considered.
Quassinoids, one kind of triterpenoids with multiple bioactivities such as anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-oxidative, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory effects, have ...drawn much attention in recent years. Between 2004 and 2018, the structural characteristics and plant sources of 190 quassinoids were reported. Herein, the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of quassinoids along with the anti-cancer mechanisms of four representative quassinoids, eurycomanone, bruceine D, dehydrobruceine B, and brusatol are discussed. This review might be useful for further research and development of quassinoids.
All patients included in this study met the following criteria: (1) clear diagnosis of malignant tumor with no history of hematologic abnormalities before tumor therapy; (2) at least one lineage ...decreased after chemoradiotherapy and did not recover after ceasing chemoradiotherapy for at least 3 months; (3) diagnosed as AA according to bone marrow smear and biopsy, chromosome examinations, gene profiles for myeloid malignancies, and other related differential diagnosis workup; (4) had at least one of the following: hemoglobin (HGB) <90 g/L, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <0.5 × 109/L, platelets (PLT) <20 × 109/L; and (5) had a stable malignant tumor with expected survival >6 months. Baseline blood cell count Sex Age Tumor type Chemotherapy cycle Radiotherapy dosage (Gy) Chemotherapy regimen WBC (×109/L) NEUT (×109/L) HGB (g/L) PLT (×109/L) Treatment before CsA F 61 Colorectal cancer 4 0 XELOX 8.81 5.26 130 17 TPO M 67 Colorectal cancer 5 0 FOLFOX 5.51 3.04 155 11 TPO F 49 Breast cancer 4 0 EC + xeloda 2.25 0.53 53 18 TPO, G-CSF M 67 Colorectal cancer 5 0 FOLFOX 2.50 0.80 81 5 TPO, cortisol, G-SCF M 64 Urinary tumor 7 0 GP 2.00 1.35 85 5 TPO, Eltrombopag F 45 Cervical cancer 2 0 TP 2.71 0.75 59 2 EPO, G-CSF, TPO M 76 Urinary tumor 0 50 – 10.90 8.53 105 3 TPO F 41 Cervical cancer 2 25 TP 2.87 1.66 89 24 TPO, cortisol F 48 Ovarian cancer 0 40 – 2.44 0.49 85 62 TPO, G-CSF F 56 Ovarian cancer 3 0 TC 4.76 2.98 123 14 TPO M 64 Lung cancer 2 45 PC 3.61 1.58 77 8 Cortisol, IVIG, TPO F 58 Cervical cancer 3 50 TP 7.49 5.48 144 7 TPO F 45 Urinary tumor 4 0 GP 3.09 1.34 61 12 TPO, EPO, G-CSF F 46 Ovarian cancer 3 0 TC 6.60 2.21 118 20 TPO F 60 Cervical cancer 3 45 TP 2.67 1.69 88 8 TPO, EPO, G-CSF M 52 Colorectal cancer 3 0 XELOX 2.50 1.27 79 24 TPO M 46 Nasopharyngeal cancer 0 60 – 2.41 0.89 135 11 TPO F 33 Thymic carcinoma 4 0 TC 5.46 3.20 83 61 – F 25 Tongue cancer 3 0 DDP + 5-Fu 2.45 0.45 115 14 TPO, G-CSF F 64 Ovarian cancer 7 0 TC 1.40 0.75 81 4 TPO F 55 Breast cancer 8 50 AC-T 3.50 2.15 115 17 TPO, Eltrombopag F 59 Breast cancer 6 40 TAC 2.55 1.51 73 17 Eltrombopag, TPO, cortisol M 64 Urinary tumor 1 0 TP 2.80 1.23 87 14 IL-11 F 64 Lung cancer 2 0 PC 1.95 0.37 75 5 G-CSF, TPO F 58 Cervical cancer 2 50 TP 2.12 1.45 84 30 TPO, Eltrombopag, IL-11 5-Fu: 5-fluorouracil; AC-T: Doxorubicin + Cyclophosphamide + Taxol; CsA: Cyclosporine A; DDP: The differential tests for other diseases that may cause cytopenia were mandatory. Since these patients cannot recover from the regular dose of cytoreductive therapy, there might have other mechanisms that can cause sustained marrow failure. ...for those suffering from secondary AA who failed to respond to the supportive treatment with blood transfusion, hematopoietic-stimulating factors, and thrombopoietin (TPO)-receptor agonist like eltrombopag, the persistent cytopenia can cause severe complications and impair the patients’ quality of life, and patients had to quit the following chemoradiotherapy, which may lead to shorter overall survival. Since patients in our study had relatively stable tumor status, they were treated with CsA after obtaining informed consent.
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•A three-dimensional Ni(OH)2/Cu2O/CuO porous cluster was designed.•It was grown on nickel foam through a hydrothermal assistant redox reaction.•A high reversible redox couple CuO/Cu2O ...was introduced by nickel foam.•1474Fg−1 at 15mAcm−2 and 54% capacity remaining at 100mAcm−2 are achieved.
A three-dimensional Ni(OH)2/Cu2O/CuO porous cluster was designed and directly grown on nickel foam (NF) through a facile, eco-friendly, one-step hydrothermal assistant redox reaction of NF with Cu(NO3)2 in the KOH solution, in which NF acted as both a reductant and Ni source. It exhibited improved rate capability and excellent specific capacitance, i.e. high capability (1474Fg−1 at 15mAcm−2), high cycling stability (82% retention after 1,500 cycles), and good rate capacitance (54% capacity remaining at 100mAcm−2). The good electrochemical performance was due to the unique structure and components of it. The NF not only acted as a substrate for Ni(OH)2/CuO to germinate on and improved its electrical conductivity, but also introduced a new Cu2O phase to the composite. The inserted high reversible redox couple CuO/Cu2O enhanced the cycle performance of composite. The simple accessibility and ingenious design of this three-dimensional Ni(OH)2/Cu2O/CuO porous cluster proved that this was a promising method to obtain super supercapacitor electrode materials.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease of the CNS. The etiology of MS is still unclear but it is widely recognized that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its ...pathogenesis. Immune signaling and responses are critically regulated by ubiquitination, a posttranslational modification that is promoted by ubiquitinating enzymes and inhibited by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified that polymorphisms in or in the vicinity of two human DUB genes TNFAIP3 and USP18 were associated with MS susceptibility. Studies with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, have provided biological rationale for the correlation between these DUBs and MS. Additional studies have shown that other DUBs are also involved in EAE by controlling distinct cell populations. Therefore, DUBs are emerging as crucial regulators of MS/EAE and might become potential therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of MS.
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