Interrelation between the morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and productivity of potato plants was shown for the first time using the example of a mid-season-ripening variety (v.) Siversky and a ...mid-early Tretyakovka v. The yield of Siversky v. turned out to be 1.6 times higher than the yield of Tretyakovka. Aboveground biomass of Siversky v. was distinguished by an increased content of photosynthetic pigments, a greater variability of the protein and lipid metabolism indicators, and more intense oxidation processes and antioxidant protection, which can be the key to its greater productivity. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the greatest relationship in the climatic conditions of central Russia in 2020 was found for productivity and such indicators as the stomata number per unit leaf area, the number of stems, and the content of pigments, phospholipids, neutral lipids, and water-soluble part of the protein. Thus, both morphological and physiological–biochemical properties can influence the course and direction of the production process, and, hence, the yield of a certain variety.
The aim of this research is to identify and recommend for production or practical breeding varieties and hybrid potato material of various genetic and geographical origin, combining high yield, field ...resistance to mosaic viruses, and adaptability to stressful abiotic environmental factors, as well as to optimize and improve the efficiency of field evaluation of potato varieties. The research was carried out in 2019–2021 in Bezenchuksky raion of Samara oblast. The year 2019 was characterized by a spring drought, while 2020 and 2021 by spring–summer droughts. The hydrothermal coefficients for these years were 0.45, 0.47, and 0.61, respectively. In conditions of high temperatures and insufficient moisture, 36 new and promising potato varieties of domestic selection were evaluated according to a complex of economically valuable characteristics. The standards for the corresponding maturity groups are the varieties of Gala (medium-early), Zhigulevskii (midseason), and Udacha (early-season). The experimental material was planted in four repetitions; the number of plants in each repetition was 50. The predecessor was spring wheat. The soil of the experimental site was terraced chernozem, ordinary, low-humus, medium-thick, heavy loamy. The increased yields in the medium-early group were obtained for the varieties Krasa Meshchery, Debut, and Sudarynya, which exceeded Gala standard by 9.9, 4.8, and 2.8 t/ha, respectively. The increased yields in the midseason varieties are Siverskii and Alaska (8.6 and 5.0 t/ha higher than Zhigulevskii standard, respectively), while the Terra variety was in the early-season group (5.0 t/ha above the standard Udacha). The same varieties have high levels of field virus resistance (seven to nine points) to the most harmful X and Y viruses in the conditions of the Middle Volga region. Three main components that have the most significant impact on the variability of the studied parameters have been identified. It is shown that field virus resistance is the main limiting factor of yield for the studied set of varieties under conditions of elevated air temperatures and insufficient humidification. The share of the first component accounted for 34.6% of the variation of signs. It includes, with maximum loads of –0.801, –0.640, and –0.604, the yield and resistance to potato viruses X, and S and M, respectively.
The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between drought resistance indicators and the yield of potato plants under unfavorable conditions. A xeromorphic leaf structure is considered ...to be a diagnostic sign of plant drought resistance. The objects of the study were 24 potato varieties. Planting of seeds, preplanting tillage, harvesting, and crop recording were carried out in the period of 2020–2022 on the territory of the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture (branch of the Samara Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences). Growing conditions for 2021 and 2022 were characterized by elevated temperatures and insufficient moisture. The number and size of stomata per unit leaf area were chosen as the criterion for xeromorphism. The studied varieties were divided into two groups (
n
= 12 each) according to the number of stomata. In the first group, the average number of stomata was 26 000 pcs./cm
2
of leaf, and that in the second group was 35 000 pcs. (
F
= 41,
p
= 0.03). More developed structural features of xeromorphism and the accumulation of certain types of metabolites in the second group of varieties led to a 1.6 times greater yield than in the first less xeromorphic group (
F
= 9,
p
= 0.004). The second group was characterized by a large number of mesophyll cells per unit leaf area (584 000 pcs./cm
2
vs. 557 000 pcs.), high content of phospholipids (36 mg/g dry weight vs. 31 mg/g), dry weight (0.19 vs. 0.17 g/g wet weight), and the ratio of membrane lipids to membrane proteins (1.4 vs. 1.2). In the less xeromorphic group of plants, the level of oxidative stress, assessed by LPO products, was 0.050 μM/g fresh weight and was 12% higher than in the more xeromorphic group (
F
= 6,
p
= 0.08). The revealed positive correlation between yield and xeromorphic genotypes indicates the prospects of using this criterion in potato breeding or creating a variety model.
The contribution of the morpho-physiological parameters of leaves and tubers of 22 potato varieties (
Solanum tuberosum
L.) to the formation of yield under conditions of insufficient soil moisture ...and high air temperatures is studied. Discriminant analysis found that the stomata size (12%), chlorophyll content (10%), number of tubers (29%), and average tuber weight (21%) determined the gradation of plants by yield. The specific surface density of leaves (38%), the content of chlorophyll (13%) and carotenoids (13%), and the leaf area (12%) made the greatest contribution to discrimination in relation to ecological plasticity. It is concluded that the number of stomata per unit area of the leaf, the specific surface density of the leaf, and the content of photosynthetic pigments are the key characteristics that contribute to both the high yield and the adaptive capacity of potatoes.
Twenty-four potato (
Solanum tuberosum
L.) varieties differing in ripening groups (early, middle-early, and mid-season-ripening) were studied. Potatoes were grown under the conditions of the Middle ...Volga region of Russia in 2019–2021. It was found statistically that the yield (t/ha) of the early and mid-season-ripening varieties was negatively correlated with the increase in average temperatures during the growing season from May to August (
R
= –0.97,
p
= 0.04). Soil moisture content at a depth of 20 cm was positively correlated with the yield of middle-early varieties (
R
= 0.97,
p
= 0.04). The average tuber weight in the early varieties was sensitive to the increase in average temperatures (
R
= –0.95,
p
= 0.04). An increase in soil moisture content was beneficial to the average tuber weight (
R
= 0.98,
p
= 0.04), though only in the middle-early and mid-season-ripening groups. However, the soil moisture content and the tuber numbers in the mid-season-ripening varieties were negatively correlated (
R
= –0.96,
p
= 0.05).
Background:
Currently more than 50 mutations of the INS gene are known to affect the various stages of insulin biosynthesis in the beta cells of the pancreas. However only individual cases of ...diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with heterozygous mutations in the coding region of the INS gene were reported in Russian Federation. We report a group of patients with a clinical manifestation of DM caused by mutations in both coding and non-coding regions of the INS gene. The patients with a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported for the first time in Russian Federation
Materials and methods
: 60 patients with an isolated course of neonatal DM (NDM), 52 patients with a manifestation of DM at the age of 7–12 months and the absence of the main autoimmune markers of type 1 DM, 650 patients with the MODY phenotype were included in the study. NGS technology was used for molecular genetic research. Author’s panel of primers (Custom DNA Panel) was used for multiplex PCR and sequencing using Ion Ampliseq™ technology. The author’s panel “Diabetes Mellitus” included 28 genes (13 candidate genes of MODY and other genes associated with DM).
Results:
13 heterozygous mutations were identified in 16 probands and 9 relatives. The majority of mutations were detected in patients with PNDM (18.75%) and in patients with an onset of DM at the age of 7–12 months (9.6%). Mutations in the INS gene were detected in 2 patients (0.3%) in the group with the MODY phenotype. Mutations in the INS gene were not detected in patients with transient NDM (TNDM). Analysis of clinical data in patients with PND and onset of diabetes at the age of 7–12 months did not show significant differences in the course of the disease. The clinical characteristics of the cases of MODY10 and diabetes caused by a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported in details.
Conclusion:
The role of INS gene mutations in NDM, MODY, and DM with an onset at the age of 7–12 months was analyzed in a large group of patients. The clinical characteristics of DM due to a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported for the first time in the Russian Federation.
The paper considers the heat loss recovery system of a compressor unit based on the absorptionrefrigerating machine. The calculation of energy savings for driving the compressor based on the use of ...the mentioned system is performed. The energy saving amount is shown to be 14,86%. The parametric analysis is conducted of the dependence of the power consumed by the compressor on the solution pressure after the pump, the refrigerant solution concentration and mass flow rate fraction of the phlegm returned to the generator from the dephlegmator
Introduction.
Aortic valve replacement in cardiopulmonary bypass with suture fixation of the prosthesis is the “gold standard” in cardiac surgery. Currently, the frequency of use of heart valve ...bioprostheses is increasing in older patients. Despite all the advantages of using heart valve bioprostheses, this type of prosthesis has a major drawback - it is not durable. In most cases, the reason for the dysfunction of prostheses in the late postoperative period is early calcification of the prosthesis valves or their rupture due to degeneration. With the development of new “gentle” techniques for replacing heart valves, transcatheter aortic valve implantation was introduced into clinical practice. The use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) “valve in valve” for reoperations in older patients is of great interest, since in recent years the procedure has been widely used in clinical practice and shows promising data in patients with high surgical risk.
Aim of study.
Show first experience of using a technique «valve in valve» at N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine.
Material and methods.
The results of surgical treatment of a patient with aortic valve bioprosthesis dysfunction using the TAVI “valve in valve” technique are presented.
Results.
The use of the TAVI “valve in valve” method made it possible to perform reprosthetics of the aortic valve (AV) from a transfemoral approach, not to increase the volume of intervention during reoperation, to avoid trauma to the structures of the heart and nearby tissues when accessing the AV in a patient with a high surgical risk.
Conclusion.
The use of the TAVI “valve in valve” method in cardiac surgery makes it possible to achieve good immediate and long-term results when it is necessary to replace the AV in patients with a high surgical risk.
Cellular immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis and formation of protective immune defense against the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus.
The aim
of the work was to study the cellular immunity of rhesus ...monkeys applying flow cytometry after experimental infection with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus.
Materials and methods
. Male rhesus monkeys were intranasally inoculated with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus, Isolate B strain and hCoV-19/Russia/SP48-1226/2020 strain (abbreviated name U-2), at a dose of 5.0 lg PFU. Using flow cytometry, the levels of 21 populations/subpopulations of mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood of animals were determined before experimental infection with the pathogen and on day 14 after infection. SARS‑CoV‑2 coronavirus RNA was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Determination of the titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies to the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus in the blood sera of animals was conducted through neutralization test evaluating the ability to suppress negative colonies.
Results and discussion
. Infection with Isolate B strain culture has led to an increase in the relative content of total T-lymphocytes (p˂0.2), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (p˂0.1), as well as monocytes expressing the early activation marker CD25 (p˂0.2). The decrease in levels has been observed for total B-lymphocytes (p˂0.2) and T-helper cells (p˂0.1). Infection with the U-2 strain culture revealed an increase in the relative content of monocytes expressing the early activation marker CD25 (p˂0.2). Thus, for the first time in the Russian Federation, flow cytometry was used to study the cellular immunity of rhesus monkeys before and after experimental infection with the SARS‑CoV‑2 virus. The obtained information can be used for studying the pathogenesis of SARS‑CoV‑2 infection, course, and outcome of the disease, and developing strategies for vaccination and treatment.
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