We analyzed how land-use patterns and changes in urbanization influence reported rabid raccoons in Georgia from 2006-2010. Using Geographical Information Systems and rabies surveillance data, ...multivariate analysis was conducted on 15 land-use variables that included natural topography, agricultural development, and urbanization to model positive raccoon rabies cases while controlling for potential raccoon submission bias associated with higher human population densities. Low intensity residential development was positively associated with reported rabid raccoons while a negative association was found with evergreen forest. Evergreen forests may offer a barrier effect where resources are low and raccoon populations are not supported. Areas with pure stands of upland evergreen forest might be utilized in baiting strategies for oral rabies vaccination programs where fewer or no baits may be needed. Their use as a barrier should be considered carefully in a cost-effective strategy for oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs to contain the western spread of this important zoonotic disease.
To the Editor:
Srinivasan and colleagues (March 17 issue)
1
report the transmission of rabies virus from an organ donor to four recipients. Three recipients had neurologic deterioration and ...encephalitis and died about five weeks after transplantation; one died of intraoperative complications. The authors investigated the medical records of the donor and the recipients and performed serologic and histopathological tests on the recipients' blood, fluids, and tissues with a variety of assays. Although the results of these tests suggest that rabies is the etiologic pathogen that was transmitted from the donor to the recipients, these tests do not provide conclusive information . . .
On July 8, 2012, a U.S. resident was admitted to a hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, for evaluation of right arm spasticity, anxiety, and malaise. By the next day, the patient had become ...comatose following a period of agitation. On July 31, he died. Investigators from CDC, state, and local health departments determined that the patient acquired rabies from contact in March with a bat in California. Person-to-person transmission of rabies has been documented in cases of organ and tissue transplantation and is theoretically possible if infectious saliva or tears are introduced into fresh open wounds or onto mucous membranes. Once symptoms begin, rabies is almost always fatal. While he was potentially infectious, during June 11-July 31, the patient traveled on eight international flights through six countries. To date, 59 persons have been identified as contacts, and 23 persons have been administered postexposure prophylaxis (PEP); no secondary cases have been identified. Bites or scratches from bats or other animals suspected of having rabies should be regarded seriously; victims should promptly seek consultation with public health practitioners and medical-care providers. This report highlights the need for collaboration to 1) identify persons who potentially had contact with infectious materials from a person infected with rabies, 2) conduct a risk assessment, and 3) provide prophylaxis to all those with a reasonable risk for contact with infectious materials (e.g., tears, saliva, or neural tissue from a person with rabies contacting open wounds or mucous membranes of an uninfected person).
Rather, it raised significant economic, ecological and ethical concerns. Besides killing likely healthy animals, culling also isn’t cost-effective. Some people may not realize they were bitten by an ...animal if the bites are small. Because of the long incubation period of the virus, they also may not recall a previous interaction with an infected animal. Laboratory tests can confirm whether an animal has rabies, as well as which rabies virus variant is present.
Rabies Berlin, B S
The New England journal of medicine,
04/1994, Letnik:
330, Številka:
15
Journal Article
Recenzirano
To the Editor:
In their review of rabies (Nov. 25 issue),
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Fishbein and Robinson state that persons who have not been vaccinated before possible exposure to rabies should be given rabies immune ...globulin as a component of prophylaxis, whereas persons who have been vaccinated before exposure should not be given rabies immune globulin. Except for one small study,
2
no published data support the omission of rabies immune globulin.
Protection against rabies may be reduced among persons who were not vaccinated before exposure if rabies immune globulin is omitted, even though five doses of vaccine are given as prophylaxis
3
. The . . .
Genetic recombination between field strains and vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been suggested as a scenario that might arise from use of deletion-mutant modified-live vaccine ...strains, particularly those strains attenuated by deletions within the thymidine kinase (TK-) gene locus. To address this hypothesis experimentally, it is necessary to screen large numbers of PRV isolates for their TK genotype. Techniques to detect the native TK genotype are routinely used in molecular virology laboratories, but are time-consuming. We adapted the polymerase chain reaction to define the genotypic status of PRV isolates with regard to the presence or absence of deletions in the TK gene locus. Used in tandem with the existing glycoprotein-specific ELISA that discriminate between PRV-vaccinated and field strain-infected swine populations, the described technique may help to clarify whether vaccine-derived recombinants are generated under natural conditions and after normal vaccine usage
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