The usage of Digital Photogrammetric Systems leads to increasing the mapping capabilities and efficiency through a full automation or in some cases half automation of mapping procedures. The digital ...image processing has possibility to improve the photogrammetric mapping implementation concerning the functionality and performance results relation. The goal of research is to investigate the functionality, flexibility and efficiency of two Digital Photogrammetric Mapping Systems for 3D surface modelling from aerial photographs. The experimental photogrammetric measurements have been carried out using DDPS software (Photogrammetric Package for Digital Aerial Photographs) as well as DPW (Digital Photogrammetric Workstation) LISA FOTO. The results of comparison between these two photogrammetric software show capabilities and possibilities for getting best results in digital photogrammetric processing. The analysis demonstrates that DDPS does not fulfil fully a typical workflow in digital photogrammetric mapping. However, the digital surface modelling is more efficient in time‐consuming. There is no doubt that DPW LISA FOTO together with image processing module LISA BASIC have more priorities, potentials and leads to wide applications. Despite this fact, DPW work is more complicated than DDPS in such aspects as stereo model creation, interpretation capabilities etc. The best digital photogrammetric mapping work flow could be achieved when integrating these two systems for getting a more efficient and highest productivity.
The photogrammetric mapping process at the first stage requires planning of aerial photography. Aerial photographs quality depends on the successfull photographic mission specified by requirements ...that meet not only Lithuanian needs, but also the requirements of the European Union. For such a purpose the detailed specifications for aerial photographic mission for mapping urban territories at a large scale are investigated. The aerial photography parameters and requirements for flight planning, photographic strips, overlaps, aerial camera and film are outlined. The scale of photography, flying height and method for photogrammetric mapping is foreseen as well as tolerances of photographs tilt and swings round (yaw) are presented. Digital camera based on CCD sensors and on‐board GPS is greatly appreciated in present‐day technologies undertaking aerial mission. Article in English Reikalavimai, keliami aerofotonuotraukai Santrauka. Pirmuoju fotogrametrinio kartografavimo etapu parengiamas projektas žemes paviršiui aerofotografuoti. Aerofotonuotraukos kokybe priklauso nuo aerofotografavimo proceso sekmingumo, t. y. fotogrametriniu reikalavimu, keliamu aerofotonuotraukai, tinkamo igyvendinimo – ne tik pagal Lietuvos poreikius, bet ir Europos Sajungos nuostatas. Pateikiami tikslingiausi aerofotonuotraukos parametrai skaitmeniniams spalvotiems 1:1000 arba 1:2000 masteliu nuotraukos Lietuvos miestu ortofotografiniams žemelapiams sudaryti. Rengiant urbanizuotu teritoriju aerofotografavimo parametrus ir siekiant gauti geros kokybes, tikslius ortofotografinius žemelapius, remtasi literatūros šaltiniais, Lietuvos ir kai kuriu užsienio šaliu instituciju patirtimi. Aeronuotrauka projektuojama 1:5000 arba 1:6000 mastelio, aerofotokameros židinio nuotolis c = 210 mm. Pateikti tinkamo aerofotografavimo reikalavimai: aerofotonuotrauku tarpusavio sanklota, maršrutu nuokrypiai, aerofotografiniu vaizdu polinkiai, aerofotografavimo salygos. Nurodytos aerofotografavimo technines priemones: orlaivio ypatumai, aerofotografavimo kameru parametrai. Aerofotoaparato skiriamajai gebai apibrežti taikyta svertine vidutine skiriamoji geba (1 pav., 2 lentele). Kadangi vis dažniau skaitmenines aerofotokameros naudojamos topografijos poreikiams, todel kitu Lietuvos urbanizuotu teritoriju aerofotogrametrinio kartografavimo etapu numatoma taikyti ir skaitmenine aerofotografavimo sistema. Raktažodžiai: aerofotografavimas, fotogrametrine nuotrauka, parametrai, lektuvu GPS, kalibravimas.
During the last year amateur low‐cost digital cameras are increasingly expected to contribute to the digital photogrammetry. An important aspect of the suitability of these cameras is determination ...of their geometrical instability. In order to evaluate amateur digital camera performance, small format, low resolution and low‐cost CCD camera have been investigated in two considerations: determining inner orientation parameters at different time and estimating accuracy in test field experiments. The calibration results demonstrate the poor stability of such a digital camera. As a result of the instability, amateur cameras have limited possibilities in close‐range photogrammetry. However, the investigated camera under certain limited accuracy requirements can be used for low‐accuracy photogrammetric application. Article in English
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Digital Photogrammetry is an up-to-date area mapping technology. Implemented features are low-cost, mobile and simple. UAV (fixed-wing EPP-FPV) with mounted digital ...camera (Canon S100) was used for imagery while digital photogrammetry processing (with lisa software application) was applied for cartographic data collection. High imagery quality is a significant factor for the efficiency and quality of standard mapping products, such as Digital Elevation Model and Ortho Images. DEM and Orthophoto quality mainly depends on camera resolution, flight height and accuracy of Ground Control Points (GCP). In experimental investigations, GCP coordinates were gained interactively from the Internet. Application of the appropriate DEM checking technique showed that DEM error was up to 0.5 m.
All features visible in the aerial photographs can be collected by traditional photogrammetric methods; however, such techniques require high operator skills and are very time‐consuming. The decision ...which photogrammetric method uses in mapping is primarily economic, also workload, project deadline requirements and accurate data have to be considered. Up‐to‐date developed automatic or semi‐automatic systems are highly effective for 3D features extraction in urban areas. The investigation objective is the comparison of analytical and digital semi‐automatic photogrammetric mapping methods for 3D building models extraction from aerial images analysing in time‐consuming and in collected data accuracy consideration. Article in English Objektų modeliavimo iš aerofotonuotraukų metodų palyginimas Santrauka. Visi objektai, matomi aerofotografinėse nuotraukose, iki šiol yra kartografuojami klasikiniais fotogrametriniais metodais, tačiau tai užima daug laiko bei reikalingi aukštos kvalifikacijos operatoriai. Dabar yra sukurta automatinių arba pusautomačių sistemų objektų trimačiams modeliams iš fotonuotraukų kurti. Kadangi erdvinių statinių, ypač miestų teritorijose, modelių k ūrimo poreikis ateityje didės, sprendžiama, kuris metodas objektų erdvinei padėčiai nustatyti yra efektyvesnis, atsižvelgiant į ekonomines sąlygas, laiko sąnaudas bei tikslumo reikalavimus. Analizuoti du fotogrametrinio kartografavimo metodai statinių erdviniams modeliams sudaryti: analitinis ir pusiau automatinis. Metodai palyginti, atsižvelgiant į laiko sąnaudas bei gautųjų duomenų tikslumą. Eksperimentiniai bandymai atlikti pagal Vilniaus miesto 1: 6000 mastelio aerofotografines nuotraukas. Fotogrametriniai statinių erdviniai matavimai atlikti naudojant pusautomatę skaitmeninę sistemą InJECT ir taip pat analoginį stereografą Wild A-8 Autograph su Pumatec PSdig programine įranga. Pateikta statinių modeliavimo metodika bei fotogrametrinių matavimų fragmentai (žr. 3, 4, 5, 6 ir 7 pav.) Atlikus eksperimentinius tyrimus nustatyta, kad trimatis objektų modeliavimas, naudojant skaitmeninius fotografinius vaizdus, pusiau automatiniu metodu yra apie 30 % spartesnis nei analitiniu stereofotogrametriniu metodu (žr. 2 lentelę). Ištirta, kad sumodeliuotųjų pastatų padėties tikslumas atitinka klasikiniais fotogrametriniais metodais atliekamų matavimų tikslumo reikalavimus. Šiuos tyrimus reikėtų tęsti, suformavus daugiau tikslių referencinių modelių bei atsižvelgiant į gaunamų duomenų išsamumą ir kokybę. Raktažodžiai: stereoskopinis braižymas, aerofotografavimas, skaitmeninės fotogrametrinės sistemos, vaizdų orientavimas, duomenų surinkimas, modeliavimas.
UAV photogrammetry for road surface modelling Ruzgiene, Birute; Aksamitauskas, Ceslovas; Daugela, Ignas ...
The Baltic journal of road and bridge engineering,
06/2015, Letnik:
10, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Recently, the interest of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle application in photogrammetric environment for roads observation and monitoring has increased in many countries, in Lithuania as well. The ...experimental object for demonstration of capability and efficiency of aerial vehicle-based remote sensing technology for road data collection was a western bypass of Vilnius. The platform of the model UX5 Trimble with mounted camera Sony NEX-5R was applied for gaining images. The implemented means are mobile and not expensive. Photogrammetric technique with software package Business Center Photogrammetry Module was applied for the modelling of images. The correctness of digital surface model generally depends on camera resolution, flight height and accuracy of ground control points. The coordinates of control points were determined using Global Positioning System Trimble R4. Paper demonstrates results of a new technology application possibilities for linear object (road) mapping and accuracy evaluation of spatial models. The road points positioning accuracy investigation was carried out in consideration with geodetic control measurements. The average root mean square error for the points coordinates is 2.94 cm, and standard deviations – 2.78 cm. Analyzing coincidence or mismatches of Vilnius western bypass project data with photogrammetric product, not significant discrepancies of road section features were determined. The cost consideration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in conjunction with photogrammetry employment at experimental object is presented.
Up-to-date mapping technologies for geodata production are widely applicable in Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Communities. Therefore, the education in Remote Sensing and photogrammetric methods ...becomes very important using different image processing software for the terrain mapping purposes, spatial data modelling, etc. The use of new methods, technologies and professional widely-known systems demonstrates the desire to increase mapping capability. Despite that, digital didactics photogrammetric systems might be used (particularly in education process) simultaneously, this way getting more efficiency results. The objective of the research is to analyse some aspects of the use of digital photogrammetric softcopies, applied for terrain mapping: professional IMAGE ERDAS with LPS, LISA and Didactics Digital Photogrammetric Systems (DDPS). The experimental investigations lead to contiguity of this different software in consideration of the following criteria: accuracy, flexibility and time. The digital terrain models and orthophoto maps, created using two technologies, are almost the same due to time required for separate image processing steps. However, full workflow on DDPS requires about 2.5 times less time than on LPS. The photogrammetric measurement results demonstrate that there are some differences in accuracy due to stereoscopic measurements. When processing the images, the defined value of accuracy estimators meets the requirements for topographic mapping; however, DEM needs a separate study.
Up‐to‐date mapping technologies are in the middle of transition from analytical to digital. The usage of new methods and technologies implies the desire to increase mapping capability. Despite that, ...analytical and digital methods may be used simultaneously, thus getting more efficient results. The research objective is to present some aspects of functionality of both digital and analytical photogrammetric mapping approaches in generating 3D geodata. The experimental results show which of the two methods could lead to a more flexible mapping production in consideration of the following criteria: accuracy, flexibility, time and cost. The main result of investigations shows, that the orthophoto generation is successfully using fully automatic systems. The digital terrain models created by two technologies are almost the same due to time‐consuming. Therefore more time is required for the Digital Photogrammetric System when the terrain is rougher. Despite the fact that digital photogrammetric mapping technology drastically develops, there is no doubt that analytical photogrammetry is still a significant production system for large‐scale mapping. The results demonstrate that there is not too much difference in accuracy between the analytical and the digital 14 μm pixel size images processing. The interpretation capability of experimental test area in the Digital Photogrammetric System was more complicated as it was by the analytical plotter. Two systems integrations have been foreseen. Digital terrain model obtained by the analytical plotter can be transferred to digital mapping system for orthophoto generation.
The education in photogrammetry is very important when applying photogrammetric methods for the terrain mapping purposes, for spatial data modelling, solving engineering tasks, measuring of ...architectural monuments etc. During the time the traditional photogrammetric technologies have been changing to modern fully digital photogrammetric workflow. The number of potential users of the photogrammetric methods tends to increase, because of high-degree automation in photographs (images) processing. The main subjects in Photogrammetry (particularly in Digital Photogrammetry) educational process are discussed. Different methods and digital systems are demonstrated with the examples of aerial photogrammetry products. The main objective is to search the possibilities for training in the photogrammetric measurements. Special attention is paid to the stereo plotting from aerial photography applying modified for teaching analytical technology. The integration of functionality of Digital Photogrammetric Systems and Digital Image Processing is analysed as well with an intention of extending the application areas and possibilities for usage of modern technologies in urban mapping and land cadastre. The practical presentation of photos geometry restitution is implemented as significant part of the studies. The interactive teaching for main photogrammetric procedures and controlling systems are highly desirable that without any doubt improve the quality of educational process.
For scanning analog aerial photographs, digital photogrammetry requires specific and expensive photogrammetric scanners. However, we only have a simple A4 format scanner useful for solving some ...special photogrammetric tasks applied for analyzing the possibilities of scanning photographic material. The paper investigates the peculiarities of scanning analog aerial photos using the scanner processing pictures smaller than an A4 format. The achieved results are compared with digital data obtained using a professional photogrammetric scanner. Experimental photogrammetric measurements have showed that the results of aerial photographs scanned by a nonprofessional scanner satisfy accuracy requirements for topographic mapping at a scale of 1:5000.
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