Pneumococcal parapneumonic empyema is an increasingly common complication in children. Conventional microbiological cultures indicate bacterial causes in as few as 8% of cases; therefore, there is a ...vital need for new molecular methods of detection and diagnosis. The development and clinical evaluation of real-time PCR-based assays to detect the pneumococcal capsular wzg gene of all serotypes tested are reported here, and 24 of them have been identified in clinical specimens. Using real-time PCR assays with highly specific TaqMan MGB probes that target DNA sequences within the capsular polysaccharide gene cluster, it was possible to differentiate serotypes 1, 3,5,4, 6A, 6B, 7F/A, 8, 9V/A/N/L, 14, 15B/C, 18C/B, 19A, 19F/B/C, 23F and 23A. These assays showed high sensitivity (five to ten pneumococcal DNA equivalents) and they were validated with 175 clinical isolates of known serotypes. The clinical value of this approach was demonstrated by analysis of 88 culture-negative pleural fluids from children diagnosed with parapneumonic empyema in three Spanish hospitals. Pneumococcal DNA was detected in 87.5% of pleural fluids, and serotypes 1, 7F and 3 were responsible for 34.3%, 16.4% and 11.9%, respectively, of cases of parapneumonic empyema in children. Such molecular methods are critical for the diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease and continued epidemiological surveillance in order to monitor serotype vaccine effectiveness.
Nasopharyngeal pneumococci were collected from 635 Spanish children aged 6 months to 6 years attending four primary healthcare centres (n = 276) or two hospital emergency rooms (n = 359); 36% of the ...children had received ≥1 dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). Overall, the carriage rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 31%, with no significant differences in carriage rates according to setting. Colonization with vaccine serotypes was significantly associated with the absence of PCV7 immunization (29.4% vs. 5.9%, p <0.001). Forty-seven per cent of all isolates were penicillin- and/or erythromycin-non-susceptible; 13 international antibiotic-resistant clones were represented among non-susceptible pneumococci and were similarly distributed among vaccine and non-vaccine serotypes.
Topic: Inguinal Hernia — Fixation Wadhawan, R.; Gupta, M.; Laharwal, A. ...
Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery
19, Številka:
Suppl 1
Journal Article
La hiperuricemia secundaria al síndrome de lisis tumoral (SLT) es una complicación importante en neoplasias con rápida proliferación y destrucción celular.
El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la ...eficacia de la rasburicasa con la del alopurinol en la reducción de los niveles plasmáticos de ácido úrico, creatinina y fósforo en niños con SLT.
Se realizó un estudio comparativo observacional no aleatorizado del tratamiento con alopurinol o rasburicasa en 32 niños con enfermedad oncohematológica ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos con SLT establecido o alto riesgo de desarrollarlo. Desde enero de 1991 hasta enero de 2003 16 pacientes recibieron alopurinol (10
mg/kg/día cada 8
h) y desde febrero de 2003 hasta junio de 2009 16 pacientes recibieron rasburicasa (0,2
mg/kg/día, una dosis diaria). Se determinaron los niveles plasmáticos de ácido úrico, creatinina y fósforo previo al tratamiento y a las 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 y 96
h.
Los niveles basales de ácido úrico fueron similares en ambos grupos. A las 4
h tras la primera dosis del fármaco los pacientes tratados con rasburicasa comparados con alopurinol tuvieron una mayor reducción (p<0,0001) de los niveles plasmáticos de ácido úrico, al igual que en las determinaciones posteriores. Los niveles de creatinina fueron más elevados en el grupo de alopurinol que en el de rasburicasa. Los niveles de fósforo fueron similares en ambos grupos. El 56% de los pacientes tratados con alopurinol requirió hemodiálisis, mientras que ningún paciente del grupo de rasburicasa la precisó.
Este estudio demuestra un control más rápido y niveles significativamente menores de ácido úrico tras tratamiento con rasburicasa comparado con alopurinol en el SLT así como niveles más bajos de creatinina y menor necesidad de hemodiálisis.
Hyperuricaemia accompanying tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a serious complication in neoplasias with rapid proliferation and cellular destruction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of rasburicase versus allopurinol on plasma uric acid, creatinine and phosphorus levels in paediatric patients with TLS.
A comparative study of treatment with rasburicase or allopurinol was performed in 32 paediatric patients with haematological-oncological malignancies and with established TLS or a high risk of developing it, admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Allopurinol (10
mg/kg/day every 8
h) was administered to 16 patients between January 1991 and January 2003, and 16 patients received rasburicase (0.2
mg/kg/day, once daily), from February 2003 to June 2009. Plasma uric acid, creatinine and phosphorus levels were measured at baseline and 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96
h after therapy in both study groups.
Baseline uric acid levels were similar in both groups. Four hours after the first dose, patients treated with rasburicase achieved a greater reduction (p<0.0001) of initial plasma uric acid levels compared to allopurinol, as in the other serial determinations. Creatinine levels were higher in the allopurinol group than in the rasburicase one. Plasma phosphorus levels were similar in both groups. Haemodialysis was required in 56% of patients in the allopurinol group, whereas none of rasburicase group needed this.
This study demonstrated that there is more rapid control and lower plasma uric acid levels in patients at high risk for tumour lysis syndrome who received rasburicase compared to allopurinol, as well as lower levels of creatinine and a lower percentage of haemodialysis.
Hyperuricaemia accompanying tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a serious complication in neoplasias with rapid proliferation and cellular destruction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of ...rasburicase versus allopurinol on plasma uric acid, creatinine and phosphorus levels in paediatric patients with TLS.
A comparative study of treatment with rasburicase or allopurinol was performed in 32 paediatric patients with haematological-oncological malignancies and with established TLS or a high risk of developing it, admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Allopurinol (10mg/kg/day every 8h) was administered to 16 patients between January 1991 and January 2003, and 16 patients received rasburicase (0.2mg/kg/day, once daily), from February 2003 to June 2009. Plasma uric acid, creatinine and phosphorus levels were measured at baseline and 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96h after therapy in both study groups.
Baseline uric acid levels were similar in both groups. Four hours after the first dose, patients treated with rasburicase achieved a greater reduction (p<0.0001) of initial plasma uric acid levels compared to allopurinol, as in the other serial determinations. Creatinine levels were higher in the allopurinol group than in the rasburicase one. Plasma phosphorus levels were similar in both groups. Haemodialysis was required in 56% of patients in the allopurinol group, whereas none of rasburicase group needed this.
This study demonstrated that there is more rapid control and lower plasma uric acid levels in patients at high risk for tumour lysis syndrome who received rasburicase compared to allopurinol, as well as lower levels of creatinine and a lower percentage of haemodialysis.
PDF
