An improved process for the synthesis of latanoprost having excellent optical purity (de 99.9%, α
D
20
= +35.37° (c = 0.90, acetonitrile)) without use of preparative HPLC is described. This process ...involves effective purification of hydroxyl intermediate (5A) through solvent crystallization followed by inhibition of inversion of the chiral center at C-15 position. This was possible due to judicious use of diol intermediate (6) for double bond reduction prior to hydroxyl protection.
Snakebite being a quick progressing serious situation needs immediate and aggressive therapy. Snake venom antiserum is the only approved and effective treatment available, but for selected snake ...species only. The requirement of trained staff for administration and serum reactions make the therapy complicated. In tropical countries where snakebite incidence is high and healthcare facilities are limited, mortality and morbidities associated with snake envenomation are proportionately high. Traditional compilations of medical practitioners’ personal journals have wealth of plant-based snake venom antidotes. Relatively, very few plants or their extractives have been scientifically investigated for neutralization of snake venom or its components. None of these investigations presents enough evidence to initiate clinical testing of the agents. This review focuses on curating Indian traditional snake envenomation therapies, identifying plants involved and finding relevant evidence across modern literature to neutralize snake venom components. Traditional formulations, their method of preparation and dosing have been discussed along with the investigational approach in modern research and their possible outcomes. A safe and easily administrable small molecule of plant origin that would protect or limit the spread of venom and provide valuable time for the victim to reach the healthcare centre would be a great lifesaver.
Introduction: Natural polyphenols, rutin, endogenous polycations, and polyamines (spermine and spermidine) are reported to have beneficial effects on hyperlipidemia, obesity, and cardiovascular ...disease (CVD). The present study attempts to evaluate the combined effects of polyamines or rutin and simvastatin on hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Wistar rats were maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 60 days. The HFD rats were administered from the 31st day onward with polyamines (PAs), rutin, and simvastatin for the next 30 days. The body weight, serum lipid profile, biomarkers, liver cholesterol, triglycerides, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity, antioxidants, and marker enzymes in HFD rats were estimated along with the liver histoarchitecture of the rats. Results: The experimental findings demonstrated abnormal alterations in body weight, serum lipid profile, hepatic lipid, and HMG-CoA reductase activity, hepatic antioxidants, serum marker enzymes, blood glucose, total protein, and histoarchitecture of the liver in HFD rats. The aforementioned treatment elicited a significant reduction in the biochemical parameters, biomarkers, and the evaluated enzymes in the present study. Furthermore, an improvement in the histoarchitecture of the liver was observed. Conclusion: The experimental results point out the positive role of antioxidant polyamines along with rutin on different parameters in HFD rats. Thus the combinatorial effect of polyamines and rutin with simvastatin (5 mg/kg) was found to be greater than simvastatin (10 mg/kg) alone. The enhancement in the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of simvastatin may be due to the intrinsic antioxidant property of polyamines and rutin.
A lack of global political will to mobilise resource to fight tuberculosis is major challenge in ending tuberculosis. The polyherbal formulations are best alternative, as they are economic, ...environmentally friendly and easily available than modern drugs. In present study, a polyherbal suspension with extracts of C. longa, A. indica and O. sanctum was developed and characterized. The developed suspension was found satisfactory with respect to odour, colour, taste, pourability, pH, viscosity, zero microbial count, particle size, percentage ease of disposability, aesthetic characteristic, sedimentation, zeta potential and does not show the crystal growth, polyherbal formulation exhibited significantly inhibited the growth of H37Rv and MIC is also comparable to those of standard agents.
Given article describes the synthesis of 5-HT1 agonist rizatriptan
via
the construction of an indole ring on 3-Methyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid methyl ester by Leimgruber-Batcho reaction. The indole ...intermediate obtained is then further converted to rizatriptan, a triptan-class compound. Using simple, facile and an efficient methodology, rizatriptan was prepared.
Graphical abstract
The construction of the indole ring was carried out on 3-methyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid methyl ester. The indole intermediate obtained was then treated with Oxalyl chloride to get an oxoacetyl indole carboxylate intermediate. The Intermediate obtained was then further converted to rizatriptan.
The given article describes the synthesis of 2-Oxazolidinone ring
via
proline catalyzed stereoselective α-aminoxylation of aldehyde. 2-Oxazolidinone ring is a common core structure during the ...synthesis of oxazolidinones class molecules. Using this simple, facile and efficient methodology, Linezolid and sutezolid were prepared using asymmetric catalysis.
Graphical abstract
Selective α-aminoxylation was achieved on corresponding aldehyde with great enantiomeric excess to get intermediate (
5
) using catalytic amount of low cost proline. The oxazolidinone ring was then constructed on common intermediate (
5
) which was then further converted to Oxazolidinone class compounds like Sutezolid and Eperezolid.
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► 3D deposition of silver nanoparticles by hollow cathode sputtering. ► Field emission studied on blunt tungsten tip. ► Effective way of tailoring particle sizes on a circular ...substrate.
Field emission has been studied for silver nanoparticles (25–200
nm), deposited within a cylindrical silver target in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma. Particle size distribution was controlled by optimum biasing voltages between the chamber and the target. Presence of non-oxidized silver was confirmed from the X-Ray diffraction analysis; however, thin protective layer of oxide was identified from the selective area electron diffraction pattern obtained with transmission electron microscopy. The silver nanoparticles were seen to exhibit hilly pointed like structures when viewed under the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The emissive properties of these particles were investigated by field emission microscopy. It is found that this technique of deposition is ideal for formation of nanoparticles films on different substrate geometries with size controllability as well as its application to emission devices.
Data on 114 Deoni cows maintained at Cattle Cross Breeding Project, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agriculture University, Parbhani over a period of 25 years were used for the present investigation. The ...data were subjected to assess the effect of period of calving, season of calving, lactation order and age at first calving on persistency and lactation traits. The records corrected for significance and non-genetic factors were used for estimating genetic parameters of the milk production traits. Least squares means for persistency of milk yield in Deoni cattle by Mahadevan method was 2.98±0.20. The significant effect of period of calving was recorded on 305 DMY, LL, PY and DAPY and non-significant effect, was recorded on persistency of milk yield, lactation milk yield .The non-significant effect of season of calving & lactation order was recorded on persistency of milk yield & all milk production traits. The significant (P<0.05) effect of age at first calving was observed only on lactation length. It showed increasing trend from A^sub 1^ to A^sub 3^. Moderate to high estimates of heritability for all lactation traits were observed indicating improvement in these traits, which may probably be brought about by individual selection. Moderately high heritability was observed for persistency of milk yield (0.36 ± 0.23) and LL (0.25 ± 0.23). The repeatability estimates for all the traits under study were high indicating that the first lactation performance of these traits was most reliable estimates to predict future performance and selection of these animals.
A simple method of vapor deposition for the shape selective synthesis of ZnO structures, namely, multipods, submicron wires, and spheres, has been successfully demonstrated. A plausible growth ...mechanism based on the studies of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is proposed. Our studies suggest that the growth of a multipod structure is governed by the screw dislocation propagation while the vapor−liquid−solid (VLS) mechanism is responsible for the formation of submicron wires and spheres. Moreover, the flow rate of the carrier gas plays a crucial role in governing the morphology. Further, these structures exhibit an enhanced field emission behavior. The nonlinearity in the Fowler−Nordheim (F−N) plot, a characteristic feature of electron emission from semiconductors, is explained by considering the contributions from both the conduction and the valence bands of ZnO.
