Objectives
To investigate a possible association between autonomic dysfunction and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis.
Methods
In 70 people with multiple sclerosis early in the disease course ...(51 females, mean age 33.8 ± 9.1), quantitative sudomotor axon reflex tests, cardiovascular reflex tests (heart rate and blood pressure responses to the Valsalva maneuver and heart rate response to deep breathing), and the tilt table test were performed. Participants completed the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, as well as the Beck Depression Inventory. Cutoff scores of ≥ 38 or ≥ 45 on the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale were used to stratify patients into a fatigued subgroup (
N
= 17 or
N
= 9, respectively).
Results
We found clear associations between fatigue and scores in subjective tests of the autonomic nervous system: fatigued patients scored significantly worse on Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31, and there was a strong correlation between the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 (
r
s
= 0.607,
p
< 0.001). On the other hand, we found only modest associations between fatigue and scores in objective tests of the autonomic nervous system: there was a clear trend for lower sweating outputs at all measured sites, which reached statistical significance for the distal leg and foot. We found weak correlations between the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and the Valsalva ratio (
r
s
= − 0.306,
p
= 0.011), as well as between the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and quantitative sudomotor axon reflex tests of the forearm, proximal, and distal lower leg (
r
s
= − 0.379,
p
= 0.003;
r
s
= − 0.356,
p
= 0.005; and
r
s
= − 0.345,
p
= 0.006, respectively). A multiple regression model showed that the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31, Beck Depression Inventory, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were independent predictors of fatigue (
p
= 0.005,
p
= 0.019, and
p
= 0.010, respectively).
Conclusion
These results suggest that—even early in the course of the disease—people with multiple sclerosis suffer from objective and subjective impairments of the autonomic nervous system. The results also point to an association between autonomic nervous system impairment and multiple sclerosis related fatigue.
We investigated whether the results of autonomic function tests correlate with body composition and shape in healthy young people.
We conducted cardiovascular reflex tests (heart rate HR and blood ...pressure BP responses to the Valsalva maneuver and HR response to deep breathing) and the tilt table test with 32 subjects (19 males; mean age, 22.1±1.9 years). Participants also completed an anthropometric measurement sequence (weight; height; upper arm, hips, and waist circumference; triceps and subscapular skinfold), bioelectric impedance testing, and hand grip strength measurements.
Markers of obesity, other anthropometric measures, functional measures, and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) were significantly positively correlated with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in both the supine and tilted positions. There was a positive correlation between the difference in HR (ΔHR) between the tilt and supine body positions and markers of obesity, the functional marker of dominant handgrip strength, and BMR. Participants with a body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m
had significantly lower median values of ΔHR, DBP in the tilt-test, SBP at rest, and SBP in the tilt-test than participants who had a BMI ≥25 kg/m
(10.55 vs. 21.95 bpm,
=0.003; 77.55 vs. 90.05 mmHg,
=0.045; 113.45 vs. 140.55 mmHg,
=0.013; 117.00 vs. 135.25 mmHg,
=0.006, respectively). Body fat percentage was identified as an independent positive predictor (β=0.993; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.070 to 1.916;
=0.036) and body water percentage was an independent negative predictor of tilted SBP (β=-1.370; 95% CI, -2.634 to 0.106;
=0.035).
High sympathetic activity, as evaluated by cardiovascular regulation, correlates with a high share of adipose tissue in young healthy persons.
Strip je oblika pripovedi, kjer so nanizanim slikam dodane izrečene besede, misli upodobljenih oseb ali dodatni razlagalni opisi v slikah, zraven njih ali pod njimi. Besedila in risbe se ...dopolnjujejo. Pripoved beremo in opazujemo. Predmet tega prispevka je prikaz mesta v stripu oziroma upodobitev mesta kot prizorišča zgodb ne glede na njihov žanr.
Ocjena strukturalnog stanja kolnika definira ukupnu nosivost kolnika, a određuje se kroz ocjenu mehaničkih svojstava slojeva kolničke konstrukcije. Defleksija predstavlja elastičnu deformaciju ...kolničke konstrukcije i jedan je od važnih pokazatelja strukturalne nosivosti kolnika. Iznos defleksije moguće je utvrditi teorijski, korištenjem zakonitosti teorije elastičnosti i poznavanjem materijalnih svojstava kolničke konstrukcije, ili empirijski, mjerenjem elastične deformacije generirane poznatim statičkim ili dinamičkim opterećenjem na površini kolnika, najčešće korištenjem uređaja s padajućim teretom (FWD uređaj). U ovom radu opisane su teorijske metode za određivanje strukturalne nosivosti kolničke konstrukcije, s naglaskom na defleksiju kao prevladavajući tehnički parametar za utvrđivanje ocjene strukturalnog stanja kolnika. Opisan je empirijski postupak utvrđivanja defleksije FWD uređajem te je dan pregled utjecajnih činitelja na izmjerene iznose defleksije. Prikazani su indeksi proizašli iz mjerenja defleksije, koji se koriste za utvrđivanje strukturalne ocjene kolnika. Na primjeru analize stanja kolničke konstrukcije provedene u sklopu diplomskog rada prikazana je važnost provedbe kontinuiranog mjerenja u svrhu utvrđivanja strukturalnog stanja i ocjene kolničke konstrukcije.
The assessment of pavement structural condition defines the total bearing capacity of the pavement, and is determined through the assessment of the mechanical properties of pavement structure layers. Deflection of the pavement structure is one of the important indicators of the structural bearing capacity of the pavement. It represents the elastic deformation of the pavement structure and is inversely proportional to the bearing capacity of the pavement. The amount of deflection can be determined theoretically, by using the laws of the theory of elasticity and knowing the material properties of the pavement structure, or empirically, by measuring the elastic deformation generated by a known static or dynamic load on the pavement surface, usually using a falling weight deflectometer device (FWD device). This paper describes the theoretical methods for determining the structural bearing capacity of pavement structure, with emphasis on deflection as the predominant technical parameter for determining the assessment of pavement structural condition. An empirical procedure for determining deflection and an overview of influencing factors on the measured amounts of deflection are described. The indices derived from the deflection measurements used to determine the structural assessment of the pavement are presented. On the example of the pavement structure condition analysis, carried out as part of the master thesis, the importance of the implementation of continuous measurement in order to determine the structural condition and assessment of the pavement structure is shown.
Physical activity changes our body in many aspects, including autonomic regulation of cardiovascular system and thermoregulation, changes in metabolism, secretion of hormones and, as a consequence, ...mental changes. Acute effect of physical effort is increased sympathetic activity leading to condition known as ''fight or flight'' which includes tachycardia, tachypnea, blood pressure increase, pupil dilatation and increased attention. Parasympathetic activity is increased between series of trainings, during the resting state, and its effect is often referred to as ''rest and digest'' state. It includes increased salivation, drop in heart rate, bronchoconstriction, myorelaxation and pupil constriction. There are other factors responsible for the influence of exercise on our body. Good feelings and better memory after exercise are caused by secretion of various compounds, such as BDNF, dopamine and endorphins, as well as blood flow, leading to the use of exercise as therapeutic method but also as an agent of addiction. Sleeping is also altered by physical activity directly through nervous system and indirectly through metabolism and hormones. There are various types, aerobic and resistance, and frequencies of physical activity that can be used as treatment of many disorders and states. In this article we will discuss multiple benefits of resistance training on autonomic nervous system function and sleep.
The project evolved from a local initiative for the revitalisation of the rural hinterland of Koper in Slovene Istria. The local desire was transformed into expert guidelines for part of the emerging ...formal spatial planning documents of the Municipality of Koper. Several public participation methods with the local inhabitants were also tested.
Razvoj podeželske skupnosti – Šmarje Mušič, Barbara; Stanič, Ivan
Urbani izziv,
2005, 20050101, 2005-01-01, Letnik:
16, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Projekt se je razvil iz lokalne pobude za revitalizacijo dela koprskega podeželskega zaledja v slovenski Istri. Krajevna želja se je preoblikovala v strokovne podlage za nastajajoče formalne ...prostorske planske dokumente Mestne občine Koper. Hkrati je bilo preskušanih več metod sodelovanja z javnostjo oziroma lokalnimi prebivalci.
Oblikovanje za zagotovitev varnosti pred kriminalom v fazi načrtovanja je oblika preventivne dejavnosti, v kateri lahko z vključevanjem varnostnih ukrepov, na stroškovno učinkovit način, preprosto in ...poceni dosežemo ugodnosti za graditelje in poznejše lastnike objektov. V prispevku je prikazan primer institucionaliziranega delovanja britanske policije v postopku pospeševanja gradnje za zagotovitev varnosti, ki je obenem tudi usmerjeno v premagovanje strahu pred kriminalom.
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