Watermarkable Signature with Computational Function Preserving SUDO, Kyohei; HARA, Keisuke; TEZUKA, Masayuki ...
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences,
09/2021, Letnik:
E104.A, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Software watermarking enables one to embed some information called “mark” into a program while preserving its functionality, and to read it from the program. As a definition of function preserving, ...Cohen et al. (STOC 2016) proposed statistical function preserving which requires that the input/output behavior of the marked circuit is identical almost everywhere to that of the original unmarked circuit. They showed how to construct watermarkable cryptographic primitives with statistical function preserving, including pseudorandom functions (PRFs) and public-key encryption from indistinguishability obfuscation. Recently, Goyal et al. (CRYPTO 2019) introduced more relaxed definition of function preserving for watermarkable signature. Watermarkable signature embeds a mark into a signing circuit of digital signature. The relaxed function preserving only requires that the marked signing circuit outputs valid signatures. They provide watermarkable signature with the relaxed function preserving only based on (standard) digital signature. In this work, we introduce an intermediate notion of function preserving for watermarkable signature, which is called computational function preserving. Then, we examine the relationship among our computational function preserving, relaxed function preserving by Goyal et al., and statistical function preserving by Cohen et al. Furthermore, we propose a generic construction of watermarkable signature scheme satisfying computational function preserving based on public key encryption and (standard) digital signature.
Software watermarking enables one to embed some information called “mark” into a program while preserving its functionality, and to read it from the program. As a definition of function preserving, ...Cohen et al. (STOC 2016) proposed statistical function preserving which requires that the input/ output behavior of the marked circuit is identical almost everywhere to that of the original unmarked circuit. They showed how to construct watermarkable cryptographic primitives with statistical function preserving, including pseudorandom functions (PRFs) and public-key encryption from indistinguishability obfuscation. Recently, Goyal et al. (CRYPTO 2019) introduced more relaxed definition of function preserving for watermarkable signature. Watermarkable signature embeds a mark into a signing circuit of digital signature. The relaxed function preserving only requires that the marked signing circuit outputs valid signatures. They provide watermarkable signature with the relaxed function preserving only based on (standard) digital signature. In this work, we introduce an intermediate notion of function preserving for watermarkable signature, which is called computational function preserving. Then, we examine the relationship among our computational function preserving, relaxed function preserving by Goyal et al. , and statistical function preserving by Cohen et al. Furthermore, we propose a generic construction of watermarkable signature scheme satisfying computational function preserving based on public key encryption and (standard) digital signature.
Optimization of circuits is an essential task for both quantum and classical computers to improve their efficiency. In contrast, classical logic optimization is known to be difficult, and a lot of ...heuristic approaches have been developed so far. In this study, we define and construct a quantum algorithmic primitive called quantum circuit unoptimization, which makes a given quantum circuit complex by introducing some redundancies while preserving circuit equivalence, i.e., the inverse operation of circuit optimization. Using quantum circuit unoptimization, we propose the quantum circuit equivalence test, a decision problem contained both in the NP and BQP classes but is not trivially included in the P class. Furthermore, as a practical application, we construct concrete unoptimization recipes to generate compiler benchmarks and evaluate circuit optimization performance using Qiskit and Pytket. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that quantum circuit unoptimizer systematically generates redundant circuits that are challenging for compilers to optimize, which can be used to compare the performance of different compilers and improve them. We also offer potential applications of quantum circuit unoptimization, such as generating quantum advantageous machine learning datasets and quantum computer fidelity benchmarks.
Dimethacrylates with rigid adamantane‐like cores were synthesized from myo‐inositol orthoester via a sequence of (a) acylation or silylation of the equatorially oriented hydroxyl group, followed by ...(b) attachment of methacrylate groups on the axially oriented hydroxyl groups. The radical homopolymerization of these compounds proceeded via cyclopolymerization without crosslinking, as the two axially oriented methacrylate groups were fixed in close proximity with each other. The dimethacrylates underwent radical copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to afford the corresponding polymethacrylates, exhibiting high glass transition temperatures (Tg), due to the introduction of the rigid orthoester moieties originating from the monomers and the macrocyclic structures formed via intramolecular cyclization of the two methacrylate groups of the monomers. The polymers obtained by polymerization of the dimethacrylate bearing a silylated hydroxyl group served as precursors of hydroxyl‐bearing polymers, which also exhibited high Tg due to the formation of a hydrogen bonding network between the hydroxyl groups.
Dimethacrylates with a rigid adamantane‐like core are synthesized from myo‐inositol orthoester and radically polymerized. When copolymerizing with methyl methacrylate (MMA), the two methacrylate moieties are transformed into the corresponding polymethacrylates, exhibiting high glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of up to 185°C. The copolymers bearing silylated hydroxyl groups can be transformed into the corresponding hydroxyl‐bearing polymers, which exhibit high Tgs of up to 205°C.
Trehalose is a disaccharide reported to ameliorate adipocyte hypertrophy and improve metabolic state. The present study demonstrated that trehalose augments the levels of SQSTM1, lysosome‐related ...factors and antioxidative factors, which induces lysosomal activity and antioxidative capacity in adipocytes. These observations reveal a mechanism for the above effects of trehalose.
Adipocytes, which comprise the majority of white adipose tissue (WAT), are involved in obesity‐related pathology via various mechanisms, including disturbed lysosomal enzymatic activity and accumulation of oxidative stress. Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) is an autophagy marker that participates in antioxidative responses via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 (NRF2). Trehalose is a non‐reducing disaccharide reported to suppress adipocyte hypertrophy in obese mice and improve glucose tolerance in humans. We recently revealed that trehalose increases SQSTM1 levels and enhances antioxidative capacity in hepatocytes. Here, to further evaluate the mechanism behind the beneficial effects of trehalose on metabolism, we examined SQSTM1 levels, autophagy, and oxidative stress in trehalose‐treated adipocytes. We initially confirmed that trehalose increases SQSTM1 transcription and protein levels without affecting autophagy in adipocytes. Trehalose also elevated transcription of several lysosomal genes and the activity of cathepsin L, a lysosomal enzyme, independently of the transcription factor EB. In agreement with our data from hepatocytes, trehalose induced the nuclear translocation of NRF2 and the transcription of its downstream antioxidative genes, resulting in reduced cellular reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, some cellular trehalose was detected in trehalose‐treated adipocytes, implying that extracellular trehalose is taken into cells. These observations reveal the mechanism behind the beneficial effects of trehalose on metabolism and suggest its potential for preventing or treating obesity‐related pathology.
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a psychiatric disorder in which patients experience significant anxiety in social situations. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy with eye training is available, ...some patients are unable to receive it because it takes too long time for trainers to perform. Therefore, in this study, we developed a gaze training system using an eyeglass-type eye-tracking device. We created training content that reproduced social scenes, and then developed a system that enables training with a natural field of view using the eyeglass-type eye-tracking device. In the training, we focused on self-attention and joint gaze, which are characteristics of SAD patients, and automatically provided audio feedback when the trainee was able to gaze at the instructed area. In this study, the validity of the training contents and feedback was confirmed by experiments with healthy subjects.
The Dynamic Behavior of Opossum Shrimps Sudo, Seiichi; Hoshika, Kyohei; Yano, Tetsuya ...
Journal of Aero Aqua Bio-mechanisms,
2010, 2010-00-00, Letnik:
1, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The dynamic behavior of small shrimp-like creature is analyzed by a digital high speed video camera system. Test small aquatic creature is opossum shrimp, Archaeomysis kokuboi Ii. Some movement ...models of opossum shrimps are observed. The details of the motion of swimming legs and flow fields are revealed experimentally. Flow visualization around tethered opossum shrimp is also performed by slow shutter photographic technique.
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