In the present study, Veronica multifida leaf extract and zinc acetate dihydrate were utilized to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) eco-friendly and cost-effectively under different ...physical conditions. Soxhlet extractor was used for the preparation of aqueous plant extract. UV-Vis (ultraviolet–visible) spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the ZnO NPs. UV-Vis spectrophotometer in the range of 200–800 nm was used to get information about the formation of ZnO NPs at different pH and temperatures. FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of functional groups in ZnO NPs. XRD, scanning electron microscope, and TEM analyses confirmed the crystal structure and average size of ZnO NPs. The antimicrobial activities of ZnO NPs were tested on microorganisms, that is, Escherichia coli ATCC 43895, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium. Moreover, antibiofilm activity of ZnO NPs was performed against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus ATCC 29213. ZnO NPs have shown effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against tested microorganisms. The results elucidated that eco-friendly and cost-effectively produced ZnO NPs could be used as coating materials and in a wide range of industrial applications, such as pharmaceutical industries and cosmetics.
Abstract
Background
The principal aim of this study was to investigate the presence of factors affecting Baker’s cyst volume in young and middle-aged populations.
Methods
Open cyst excision with ...valve and capsule repair, as well as knee arthroscopy, were used to treat eighty-five patients. The cases were categorized in terms of age, effusion, chondral lesion degree, meniscal tear degree, and Lindgren scores. An ultrasonography (USG) device was used to calculate the cyst volume. The IBM-SPSS 22 program was used for statistical analysis and to assess the relationships between variables using Spearman’s correlation tests.
Results
The degree of chondral lesion was moderately and positively correlated with cyst volume in the total population (correlation coefficient: 0.469; p < 0.05).
The degree of the chondral lesion was moderately and positively correlated with the degree of effusion (correlation coefficient: 0.492; p < 0.005). The cyst volume was weakly and positively correlated with the degree of effusion (correlation coefficient: 0.20; the correlation was at the limits of statistical significance p = 0.07 < 0.08).
Conclusions
This study revealed that an increase in chondral lesion severity increases the amount of effusion and cyst volume.
Within the last decade, in addition to water desalination, capacitive deionization (CDI) has been used for resource recovery and selective separation of target ions in multicomponent solutions. In ...this review, we summarize the mechanisms of selective ion removal utilizing different electrode materials, carbon and non-carbon together with or without membranes, from a mixture of salt solutions, by a detailed review of the literature from the beginning until the state-of-the-art. In this venture, we review the advances made in the preparation, theoretical understanding, and the role of electrodes and membranes. We also describe how ion selectivity has been defined and used in literature. Finally, we present a theory of selective ion removal for intercalation materials that, for the first time, considers mixtures of different cations, evidencing the time-dependent selectivity of these electrodes.
Fishing ions: this review provides a comprehensive analysis of different approaches in utilizing capacitive deionization (CDI) for selective ion separations and ion removal.
► Describes hybrid expert system approaches specifically connectionist and neuro-fuzzy system. ► Classifies 91 articles published between 1988 and 2010. ► Evaluation on system structure, algorithms, ...applications and building/implementation tools.
This paper is a statistical analysis of hybrid expert system approaches and their applications but more specifically connectionist and neuro-fuzzy system oriented articles are considered. The current survey of hybrid expert systems is based on the classification of articles from 1988 to 2010. Present analysis includes 91 articles from related academic journals, conference proceedings and literature reviews. Our results show an increase in the number of recent publications which is an indication of gaining popularity on the part of hybrid expert systems. This increase in the articles is mainly in neuro-fuzzy and rough neural expert systems’ areas. We also observe that many new industrial applications are developed using hybrid expert systems recently.
The partitioned EDGE droplet generation device is known for its' high monodisperse droplet formation frequencies in two distinct pressure ranges, and an interesting candidate for scale up of ...microfluidic emulsification devices. In the current study, we test various continuous and dispersed phase properties and device geometries to unravel how the device spontaneously forms small monodisperse droplets (6-18 μm) at low pressures, and larger monodisperse droplets (>28 μm) at elevated pressures. For the small droplets, we show that the continuous phase inflow in the droplet formation unit largely determines droplet formation behaviour and the resulting droplet size and blow-up pressure. This effect was not considered as a factor of significance for spontaneous droplet formation devices that are mostly characterised by capillary numbers in literature. We then show for the first time that the formation of larger droplets is caused by physical interaction between neighbouring droplets, and highly dependent on device geometry. The insights obtained here are an essential step toward industrial emulsification based on microfluidic devices.
Anosmia or hyposmia, often accompanied by changes in taste, is recognized as a common symptom that can assist in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogenesis of olfactory ...dysfunction in COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. MR imaging represents a useful anatomic imaging method for the evaluation of olfactory dysfunction associated with varying etiologies, including viral infection, trauma, and neurodegenerative processes. This case-control study was conducted to compare quantitative measurements of olfactory anatomic structures between patients diagnosed with COVID-19 associated with persistent olfactory dysfunction and healthy controls.
This study has a retrospective design. Cranial MR imaging was performed on all participants in both the patient and control groups. The bilateral olfactory bulb volume, olfactory tract length, and olfactory sulcus depth were measured in all patients.
A total of 116 people aged 18-60 years, including 36 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 80 controls, were included in the study. All measured values were compared between the patient and control groups. The right, left, and total olfactory bulb volume values were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group. The patient group also had significantly lower right and left olfactory sulcus depth and olfactory tract length values compared with those in the control group.
MR imaging findings can be used to demonstrate olfactory injury in patients with COVID-19. The olfactory pathway may represent an alternative route for virus entry into the central nervous system.
Aim The present study was aimed to compare the prognostic values of lactate and carboxyhemoglobin levels on clinical neurological and cardiac involvement in children with carbon monoxide poisoning. ...Methods Totally 77 children aged to 1 month and 17 years who referred to Paediatric Emergency Department (PED) between 1 April 2009 and 30 April 2011 and diagnosed with carbon monoxide intoxication were assessed for age, gender, symptoms, clinical findings, blood gas lactate levels, carboxyhemoglobin levels, morbidity and mortality. Results There was a significant positive correlation between initial lactate levels in blood gas analysis and early and late complications, neurological and cardiac involvements and morbidity compared to carboxyhemoglobin levels. Discussion The initial lactate levels have higher prognostic value for cardiac involvement and late neurological sequelae compared to carboxyhemoglobin and it may be helpful for treatment.
We describe two advanced video analysis techniques, including video-indexed by voice annotations (VIVA) and multi-media indexing and explorer (MINER). VIVA utilizes analyst call-outs (ACOs) in the ...form of chat messages (voice-to-text) to associate labels with video target tracks, to designate spatial-temporal activity boundaries and to augment video tracking in challenging scenarios. Challenging scenarios include low-resolution sensors, moving targets and target trajectories obscured by natural and man-made clutter. MINER includes: (1) a fusion of graphical track and text data using probabilistic methods; (2) an activity pattern learning framework to support querying an index of activities of interest (AOIs) and targets of interest (TOIs) by movement type and geolocation; and (3) a user interface to support streaming multi-intelligence data processing. We also present an activity pattern learning framework that uses the multi-source associated data as training to index a large archive of full-motion videos (FMV). VIVA and MINER examples are demonstrated for wide aerial/overhead imagery over common data sets affording an improvement in tracking from video data alone, leading to 84% detection with modest misdetection/false alarm results due to the complexity of the scenario. The novel use of ACOs and chat Sensors 2014, 14 19844 messages in video tracking paves the way for user interaction, correction and preparation of situation awareness reports.
In many industrial applications, filament‐wound composite pipes are utilized to transmit the liquefied natural gas, chemical liquids, and waste hazardous liquids. This reveals the importance of the ...energy absorption capacity because the pipes in question are placed underground and occasionally exposed to impact loads. However, the high cost of carbon fibers and partially inadequate mechanical features of glass fibers have led to the search for alternative fibers. Some studies show that basalt fiber is likely to be an alternative and practical solution. In this study, it is purposed to define the low velocity impact (LVI) behaviors and damage development of basalt fiber reinforced (BFR)/Epoxy composite pipes with various winding angles. LVI tests were performed on the ±90°6, ±75°6, and ±55°/75°6 BFR pipes at energy levels of 15, 20, and 25 J. The impact responses of the composite samples were compared with respect to values of force, time, displacement and absorbed energy. In order to determine the dominant damage types and their progression, microscopic examinations were carried out by taking sections in the impact area in the radial and axial directions. It has been revealed in this study that it is significant to examine the dominant damage of filament‐winding composites, especially by taking cross‐sections from two axes. It was determined that there are damage changes in the layers where compressive and tensile stresses occur in the impact region. It has been observed that the winding angle has a great importance on the LVI responses and damages.
ABSTRACT
We report on the properties of coronal loop foot-point heating with observations at the highest resolution, from the CRisp Imaging Spectro-Polarimeter located at the Swedish 1-m Solar ...Telescope and co-aligned NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory observations, of Type II spicules in the chromosphere and their signatures in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) corona. Here, we address one important issue, as to why there is not always a one-to-one correspondence, between Type II spicules and hot coronal plasma signatures, i.e. beyond TR temperatures. We do not detect any difference in their spectral properties in a quiet Sun region compared to a region dominated by coronal loops. On the other hand, the number density close to the foot-points in the active region is found to be an order of magnitude higher than in the quiet Sun case. A differential emission measure analysis reveals a peak at ∼5 × 105 K of the order of 1022 cm−5 K−1. Using this result as a constraint, we conduct numerical simulations and show that with an energy input of 1.25 × 1024 erg (corresponding to ∼10 RBEs contributing to the burst) we manage to reproduce the observation very closely. However, simulation runs with lower thermal energy input do not reproduce the synthetic AIA 171 Å signatures, indicating that there is a critical number of spicules required in order to account for the AIA 171 Å signatures in the simulation. Furthermore, the higher energy (1.25 × 1024 erg) simulations reproduce catastrophic cooling with a cycle duration of ∼5 h, matching a periodicity we observe in the EUV observations.
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