Adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous stem cell malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of immature myeloid precursors. AML may emerge de novo, following other ...hematopoietic malignancies or after cytotoxic therapy for other disorders. Here, we investigated the clonal vs reactive nature of residual maturing bone marrow cells in 59 newly diagnosed adult AML and mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) patients as assessed by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of AML and myelodysplastic syndrome-associated cytogenetic alterations and/or the pattern of chromosome X inactivation, in females. In addition, we investigated the potential association between the degree of molecular/genetic involvement of hematopoiesis and coexistence of altered immunophenotypes by flow cytometry. Our results indicate that residual maturing neutrophils, monocytes and nucleated red cell precursors from the great majority of newly diagnosed AML and MPAL cases show a clonal pattern of involvement of residual maturing hematopoietic cells, in association with a greater number of altered immunophenotypes. These findings are consistent with the replacement of normal/reactive hematopoiesis by clonal myelopoiesis and/or erythropoiesis in most newly diagnosed AML and MPAL cases, supporting the notion that in most adults presenting with de novo AML, accumulation of blast cells could occur over a pre-existing clonal hematopoiesis.
A series of three neutral, hexacoordinate tin(IV) complexes were synthesized by the reaction of 4,4'‐dimethyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine (DMB) with SnX4, X = Cl, Br, and I, as starting materials. The complexes ...(DMB)SnX4 were characterized in solution by 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy, and in the solid‐state by 119Sn MAS NMR spectroscopy. In addition, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and elemental analysis were used to confirm the molecular structures. In these complexes, the tin atom adopts a distorted octahedral arrangement and the DMB acts as a bidentate N,N'‐chelate ligand. Computational DFT methods were also employed to gain more insight into the nature of the bonding in these complexes, including the hypothetical complexes (DMB)SnX4 (X = F, At). Additionally, the validity and reliability of the 119Sn NMR chemical shifts were examined. The calculated values were compared with the experimental signals and the effects of structure and solvent are discussed. Finally, all of the complexes (DMB)SnX4 were successfully tested for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of bulk ε‐caprolactone under non‐dried and aerobic conditions as precatalyst.
Bi4Si3O12 thin films for scintillator applications Rincón-López, J. A.; Fernández-Benavides, D. A.; Giraldo-Betancur, A. L. ...
Applied physics. A, Materials science & processing,
04/2016, Letnik:
122, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Bismuth silicate Bi
4
Si
3
O
12
or BSO thin films were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition and a subsequent annealing treatment from a Bi–Fe–O and compared with films obtained with a pure Bi
2
O
3
...target. Bi–Fe–O amorphous thin films of different thicknesses were deposited on silicon substrates at room temperature and subsequently heat treated at 800 °C at different times to study the phase transformations, keeping in all steps a constant oxygen atmosphere. After annealing, Bi–Si–O crystalline phases are formed in all cases with different synthesis kinetics. The Bi–Fe–O target clearly increases the synthesis kinetic of a textured BSO phase having a dissociation and precipitation of homogeneously distributed Fe
2
O
3
particles in the BSO matrix. The key aspects to obtain the Bi
4
Si
3
O
12
stoichiometric phase are both the film thickness and the heat treatment time to allow the reaction between the Bi
2
O
3
from the target and the SiO
2
obtained after the oxidation of the substrate. A deposition time of Bi–Fe–O for 120 and 30 min annealing fulfills the conditions to obtain the Bi
4
Si
3
O
12
stoichiometric composition and thus scintillation performance. The scintillation properties were measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometry. The stoichiometric Bi
4
Si
3
O
12
samples show that under 260 nm excitation the material exhibits a peak emission at 466.6 nm. These Bi
4
Si
3
O
12
thin films crystallize in eulytite phase with cubic structure (
a
=
b
=
c
= 10.291 Å). The phase content was obtained by Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns.
Gingko biloba leaves have been used as herbal medicine in China for 5000 years, and the standardized leaf extract (GB-STE) has some beneficial effects in the treatment of age-related, cardiovascular, ...and neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of the Gingko biloba extract (GbE) against the toxicity of a single and relatively low dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). In male adult Wistar rats, we determined the urine flux, the concentration of total proteins in urine, the concentration of glucose in urine, and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal cortex as well as two markers of renal function (clearance of inulin and p-aminohippurate); we also compared the histological lesions caused by CCl4. Carbon tetrachloride increased the urinary concentration of total proteins, and the renal concentration of MDA; however, it did not modify the urine flux, urinary concentration of glucose, nor the inuline or the p-aminohipurate clearances. Morphologically, CCl4 generated some tubular damage that was more intense in the inner cortex of kidneys. The GbE extract counteracted the effects of CCl4 on the concentration of total proteins in urine, the concentration of renal MDA, and the renal histological changes. In conclusion the main toxic effects produced by CCl4 were prevented by the GbE, probably due to their antioxidant properties and the inhibition of the main P450 isoenzyme (CYP2E1) that metabolize CCl4.
The purpose of this review is to organise, summarise and critically assess existing knowledge on locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) among young women in Latin America. We discuss the most relevant ...findings in six sections: 1) epidemiology of breast cancer in young women in Latin America; 2) being young as a factor for worse prognosis; 3) LABC in young women in the region; 4) aggressive tumour behaviour among young women; 5) delays in diagnosis and treatment and 6) burden of advanced disease. We point out the need to dedicate resources to enhance earlier diagnosis and prompt referrals of young women with breast cancer; promote research regarding prevalence, biologic characteristics, outcomes and reasons for diagnosis and treatment delays for this age group; and finally, implement supportive care programmes as a means of improving patients and their families' well-being. The recognition of the current standpoint of breast cancer in young patients across the continent should shed some light on the importance of this pressing matter.
VANDELS is an ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey designed to build a sample of high-signal-to-noise ratio, medium-resolution spectra of galaxies at redshifts between 1 and 6.5. Here we present the final ...Public Data Release of the VANDELS Survey, comprising 2087 redshift measurements. We provide a detailed description of sample selection, observations, and data reduction procedures. The final catalogue reaches a target selection completeness of 40% at iAB = 25. The high signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra (above 7 in 80% of the spectra) and the dispersion of 2.5 Å allowed us to measure redshifts with high precision, the redshift measurement success rate reaching almost 100%. Together with the redshift catalogue and the reduced spectra, we also provide optical mid-infrared photometry and physical parameters derived through fitting the spectral energy distribution. The observed galaxy sample comprises both passive and star forming galaxies covering a stellar mass range of 8.3 < Log(M*/M⊙) < 11.7.
En el 2012 la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) clasifico la radiacion ultravioleta (ultraviolet radiation, UVR) como carcinogeno del grupo 1, ello porque existen pruebas suficientes para ...considerarla causa de cancer en el ser humano. Presentamos aqui los resultados de nuestro estudio sobre la UVR en la zona Centro Occidente de Mexico y su asociacion con el riesgo de cancer de piel, asi como la propuesta de una solucion tecnologica que contribuya a la difusion de este problema y ofrezca recomendaciones para su prevencion. Con este objetivo, se midio y se clasifico la radiacion solar ultravioleta durante un ano para, posteriormente, investigar y analizar el incremento de cancer de piel asociado a la UVR. Los resultados fueron los siguientes: a) la presencia de niveles "muy altos" de radiacion ultravioleta segun el indice de UVR, con un promedio anual en el 2022 de 9,0, y de 10,7 en el cuatrimestre con mayor radiacion; b) la causa de uno de cada tres casos de melanoma (un tipo de cancer de piel) en Mexico es la exposicion a la UVR; c) las fuentes secundarias evidenciaron un incremento en los casos de melanoma en Mexico, y d) la propuesta y desarrollo de una App para la divulgacion, prevencion y reduccion del riesgo. El trabajo se ajusto a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 3.4 y 3.d planteados en la Agenda 2030 de la Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas (ONU).
A shape correction factor for flake-like particles is applied to six different previously reported models (Leith and Licht model, ideal laminar cyclonic flow model, ideal turbulent cyclonic flow ...model, mixed flow model, Zhang and Basu model, and Avci and Karagoz model) to calculate cyclone collection efficiency. The correction factor was obtained using an equivalent diameter concept based on particle volume and particle geometry.
The results obtained after using this correction were compared to experimental data and it was found that the above mentioned models describe better the experimental collection efficiency data for particle diameters smaller than 20
μm in five of the six used models.
Values for the
D
50 were also calculated as well as their error compared to the experimental data. Error values for the
D
50 calculation went from 77.8% to 7.7% for the Ideal laminar cyclonic flow model; from 92.9% to 70.3% for the Leith and Licht model, from 74.8% to 4.9% for the Mixed flow model; from 91% to 62.5% for the Avci and Karagoz model; from 87.7% to 48.6% for the Zhang and Basu model, and from 33.7% to 176% for the Ideal turbulent cyclonic flow model.
These are promising results to predict collection efficiency more accurately for industrial processes that use cyclones.
► We propose a use of a diameter correction factor applied to six cyclone collection efficiency models using the equivalent diameter concept. ► Particle shape is taken into account to find the equivalent diameter. ► Improvement in cyclone collection efficiency predictions was obtained using the proposed modifications. ► Simple models can perform better in predicting cyclone collection efficiency for industrial applications.
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