Machine learning (ML) models have been widely used in the modeling, design and prediction in energy systems. During the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the advancement and ...application of various types of ML models for energy systems. This paper presents the state of the art of ML models used in energy systems along with a novel taxonomy of models and applications. Through a novel methodology, ML models are identified and further classified according to the ML modeling technique, energy type, and application area. Furthermore, a comprehensive review of the literature leads to an assessment and performance evaluation of the ML models and their applications, and a discussion of the major challenges and opportunities for prospective research. This paper further concludes that there is an outstanding rise in the accuracy, robustness, precision and generalization ability of the ML models in energy systems using hybrid ML models. Hybridization is reported to be effective in the advancement of prediction models, particularly for renewable energy systems, e.g., solar energy, wind energy, and biofuels. Moreover, the energy demand prediction using hybrid models of ML have highly contributed to the energy efficiency and therefore energy governance and sustainability.
With the changes that have taken place in energy-related technologies, the United States has been less affected by the geopolitical risks associated with the supply of fossil fuel energy resources, ...especially crude oil. When the price of oil is low, the geopolitical situation of U.S. energy contrasts with that of other oil-producing countries, which are facing financial pressure due to low oil prices and a high domestic energy demand. Many other countries have been supplying crude oil compared to half a century ago, reducing the strategic importance of major oil exporters, such as key OPEC members in the Persian Gulf. The shale oil revolution in the United States and the transition of energy in countries around the world to more sustainable energy sources, especially renewable energy, have reduced the importance of security in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf for U.S. politicians, which will be intensified in the future. Especially from the middle of the Carter administration period, U.S. politicians saw the security of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf as a prerequisite for securing energy supplies for the U.S. economy, but that has changed. Despite the disruption of Russia’s fossil fuel energy supply, as one of the main energy suppliers, due to sanctions from February 2022, the global energy carriers’ prices are relatively under control. Energy transition is one of the main contributors to lowering the impact of fossil fuel energy supply disruptions on the global economy.
The clean hydrogen in the prioritized value chain platform could provide energy incentives and reduce environmental impacts. In the current study, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats ...(SWOT) analysis has been successfully applied to the clean hydrogen value chain in different sectors to determine Japan’s clean hydrogen value chain’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as a case study. Japan was chosen as a case study since we believe that it is the only pioneer country in that chain with a national strategy, investments, and current projects, which make it unique in this way. The analyses include evaluations of clean energy development, power supply chains, regional energy planning, and renewable energy development, including the internal and external elements that may influence the growth of the hydrogen economy in Japan. The ability of Japan to produce and use large quantities of clean hydrogen at a price that is competitive with fossil fuels is critical to the country’s future success. The implementation of an efficient carbon tax and carbon pricing is also necessary for cost parity. There will be an increasing demand for global policy coordination and inter-industry cooperation. The results obtained from this research will be a suitable model for other countries to be aware of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in this field in order to make proper decisions according to their infrastructures, potentials, economies, and socio-political states in that field.
The use of solar trackers can help increase the production and time period of electricity generation in photovoltaic power plants. Different types of trackers in terms of rotation mechanisms and sun ...tracking systems have been used in these types of power plants in recent years. In this article, a comparison has made between the electricity produced of fixed and tracking structures in a number of power plants which are located in different cities of Iran but in similar geographical locations. Following this, software modeling is used to evaluate various sun tracking scenarios in the design of sample power plants. Finally, a techno-economic analysis has been made to evaluate the decision-making regarding the construction of such power plants in Iran using this technology. Using east-west detectors has had a positive effect on increasing the production of power plants, especially in summer. Due to the higher initial costs of using this technology in the power plants, as well as the higher maintenance costs, the economization of the power plants’ business plan is extremely dependent on other economic conditions governing the project. Using trackers alone cannot lead to a better situation in a project’s lifetime. From the national point of view, if domestic companies can produce east-west single-axis tracking technology at an acceptable cost and provide related services in the long term, it would be beneficial for the power grid. One of the attractive proposals for the power plants under construction will be the use of this technology, because of additional electricity production in peak hours in summer. Annual experimental data from different tracking/fixed PV power plant have been used for the first time in this techno-economic investigations, they are validated with the simulation process, and the results have been predicted for a wide range of tracking scenarios. Techno-economic analyses of this type of power plant are an essential need for policy makers and investors in Iran’s energy market.
Histiocytic sarcoma is an extremely rare disease that's hard to diagnose and treat, often leading to a poor prognosis. Here, we present a case report detailing a rare occurrence of HS in a ...37-year-old pregnant woman who first presented with left shoulder pain, palpitations, and a productive cough at 20 weeks of gestation. Her diagnostic evaluations were performed, including different imaging modalities such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and MRI. Imaging revealed a large mediastinal mass with extensive involvement of the adrenal glands, lungs, and lymph nodes. The definitive diagnosis of HS is based on pathological and morphological features, and the immunohistochemistry report plays a key role. In our case, the diagnosis of HS was confirmed through pathological evaluation and immunohistochemistry, with a positive CD68 result obtained from a supraclavicular lymph node biopsy. A hospital committee comprising medical specialists like hematologists-oncologists, pathologists, pulmonologists, and obstetricians was brought together to assess the case collectively. The patient received chemotherapy, which alleviated her symptoms and maintained her condition. Based on the committee's recommendations, despite a healthy fetus and normal obstetric sonograms, the decision was made to terminate the pregnancy with the consent of the patient and her family. Despite initial improvement postchemotherapy, the patient's condition worsened, necessitating intubation. Tragically, two months after the initial admission, the patient passed away due to severe complications. In this case report, we provide a literature review and review of the patient's imaging reports. Since the patient is pregnant and HS is uncommon, it's important to highlight that this case is unique and worth sharing.
The solvent regeneration in the post-combustion carbon capture process usually relies on steam from the power plant steam cycle. This heat duty is one of the challenges of energy consumption in PCC ...(Post-combustion Carbon Capture). However, this practice results in a significant energy penalty, leading to a substantial reduction in the capacity of the Power Plant, estimated to be between 19.5 and 40 %. This paper investigate the techno-economic feasibility of a solar-assisted regeneration process for the PCC industrial scale with diglycolamine solvent. The study aims to assess the impact of system configuration modifications, such as LVC (Lean Vapor Compression), SPCC (Solar Post-combustion Carbon Capture), and combinations of trough or compound solar collectors with LVC, on energy efficiency and overall plant performance. With 3E analysis for SPCC configuration results show that this configuration. However, reducing energy consumption and energy penalty factor, exhibits a decrease in exergy and exergoeconomic efficiency compared to the other configurations in terms of exergy and exergoeconomic aspects. However, the LVC + SCSS (Solar Combined Separator-Stripper) configuration demonstrates the best performance across the 3E aspects, resulting in a reduction energy penalty to 12.2 % and improvements of 38 % and 4.2 % in exergy and exergoeconomic factors, respectively.
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•Aspen HYSYS v11, empowered by Python, simulates various PCC configurations.•Solar thermal powering PCC yields higher carbon emission reduction.•Compound parabolic collectors outperform parabolic troughs in 3E analysis.•Solar integration boosts plant exergy efficiency by 38 %.•Applying LVC + SCSS results in a 9 % energy penalty and a 4.2 % exergoeconomic factor.
This paper presents a novel approach for upgrading utility systems by integrating absorption cooling systems using R-curve analysis. The key contributions include a comprehensive methodology for ...drawing the R-curve, determining priority paths, and optimizing the system without additional capital costs; a step-by-step case study illustrating the process of integrating two absorption chillers and analyzing their impact on cogeneration efficiency and the R-curve; equations for calculating cogeneration efficiency and power efficiency for different turbine paths to prioritize the most efficient paths; and findings revealing that integrating absorption chillers can significantly impact system performance, potentially increasing or decreasing cogeneration efficiency depending on the specific system. The proposed approach enables engineers to optimize utility systems by leveraging existing equipment and integrating absorption cooling efficiently, with the R-curve analysis providing a powerful tool for visualizing and optimizing the system to achieve the best balance of power, cooling, and heating. The findings demonstrate that careful analysis and optimization of the utility system using R-curve techniques can unlock significant energy savings and emissions reductions by prioritizing the most efficient turbine paths and integrating absorption cooling optimally.
•The effect of integrating absorption cooling into cogeneration systems is studied.•Cost savings without capital costs through upgrading the system's performance.•Importing or exporting power and heat based on the utility system's condition.•Upgrading the utility system by R-curve analysis.
As countries scramble for cleaner energy production and to meet carbon reduction targets, natural gas seems to become an increasingly attractive option with liquified natural gas (LNG) as a popular ...transportation choice. In this paper, we first conduct a literature review and discuss the various factors affecting the global natural gas market, its recent history, current state, and future. Then we look at the possibility of East Asia becoming an alternative market to Europe for Russian LNG. We also bring in the US both as a political force that employs economic sanctions and as a potential LNG supplier. As a case study, we define a 3-player game between Russia, The United States, and Japan which results in relative market stability. In the case of sanctions against Russia, we conclude that it will lose its foothold in the Japanese market in the long term. Finally, we discuss the potential of LNG trading as the first step for East Asia’s energy transition to a low-carbon economy.
Multilateral well is a promising technology in developing oil reservoirs. Because this technology may increase the production rate per well and reduce the costs of field development, it is rapidly ...replacing the old methods. This study uses a three-dimensional line-source model with direct search methods, including pattern search and genetic algorithms to optimize the well trajectories. This method was applied to several cases, with different forms of wells and reservoirs. In all cases, significant improvement was observed in the production rate. Furthermore, the production enhancement using the optimized well trajectories which have curved-paths is compared to the case with linear well trajectories. It was shown that at least a 6% production increase is possible for the curved trajectory well with respect to the well with the constant slope lines. Besides, it was illustrated that the oil production is boosted solely by altering the slope of the well or its laterals along the well path.
•A robust method for optimization of type, location and path of wells was presented.•The oil production was elevated by changing the slope of the well or its laterals.•At least 6% production increase for the case that the well trajectory is curved.•The method enhances oil production by changing the well's slope or its laterals.
•Integration of small MED unit with gas engine power cycle is studied in this paper.•Modeling, simulation, parametric study and sensitivity analysis were performed.•A thermodynamic model for heat ...recovery and power generation of the gas engine has been presented.•Annualized Cost of System (ACS) has been employed for economic assessment.•Economic feasibilty dependence of integrated system on natural gas and water prices has been investigated.
Due to thermal nature of multi-effect desalination (MED), its integration with a suitable power cycle is highly desirable for waste heat recovery. One of the proper power cycle for proposed integration is internal combustion engine (ICE). The exhaust gas heat of ICE is used to produce motive steam for the required heat for the first effect of MED system. Also, the water jacket heat is utilized in a heat exchanger to pre-heat the seawater. This paper studies a thermodynamic model for a tri-generation system composed of ICE integrated with MED. The ICE thermodynamic model has been used in place of different empirical efficiency relations to estimate performance – load curves reasonably. The entire system performance has been coded in MATLAB, and the results of proposed thermodynamic model for the engine have been verified by manufacturer catalogue. By increasing the engine load from 40% to 100%, the water production of MED unit will increase from 4.38 cubic meters per day to 26.78 cubic meters per day and the tri-generation efficiency from 31% to 56%. Economic analyses of the MED unit integrated with ICE was performed based on Annualized Cost of System method. This integration makes the system more economical. It has been determined that in higher market prices for fresh water (more than 7 US$ per cubic meter), the increase in effects number is more significant to the period of return decrement.
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