Stability of antioxidant compounds (AC) is always a challenging aspect in the food industry. AC, by nature, can be easily degraded under exposure of different parameters, predominantly high ...temperature during food processing. The thermal degradation of AC greatly impedes their nutritional values. However, it is rather surprising that only little attentions are paid concerning the thermal degradation of AC. Therefore, it is of great interest to describe the potential preservation approaches that reduce the thermal degradation rate of the AC. This review presents the effects of parameters affecting the degradation of AC, as well as an update of recent studies focused on the modeling of thermal degradation kinetics of AC. Our efforts encompass the discussion of numerous formulation strategies to improve the thermal stability of AC. In particular, literature compiled in this review highlight the potential of using various formulation strategies like emulsion, cyclodextrin, liposome, hydrogel, solid lipid nanoparticles, and natural deep eutectic solvent to effectively preserve the AC from thermal degradation. These technologies are efficient and reliable in improving the thermal stability of AC. Interestingly, the use of natural deep eutectic solvent holds great promise in enhancing the thermal stability of AC and its application in stabilizing the AC shall be further explored in the future.
It is no doubt that plants are a vital centerpiece and contributed immensely in the health care industry. Besides, it has been found that the indigenous people in developing countries had long been ...using local traditional plants for the treatment of diseases. The traditional plants are highly valued for their bioactive compounds which exhibits high antioxidant activity and has the potential in bringing down the risk of diseases. Canarium odontophyllum, also called dabai is one of the underutilized traditional plants consumed by the indigenous people in Borneo Island. The objective of this research is to characterize the antioxidant activity, metal chelating activity, the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and identifying the potential bioactive compounds of dabai. The antioxidant, metal chelating and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of dabai extract was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Fe2+ chelating assay and the hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and found that it yielded an inhibition of 2.31%, 4.89% and 13.06% respectively. Then, chracterization using FTIR revealed the presence of flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenols serving as the potential bioactive compounds for the antioxidant activities. The knowledge gained from the antioxidant capacities and properties of dabai extract are potentially useful for the application of traditional plant medicine as an alternative nutraceutical product in the modern medical industry.
Scleractinian corals are increasingly subjected to local stressors combined with global changes. In subtropical areas, corals exhibit metabolic plasticity and resilience in response to variability ...and extremes in local temperature, salinity, and light; however, the physiological mechanisms by which corals acclimate or adapt to these changing conditions remain disputed. We assessed the physiological status of the coral
Platygyra carnosa
during a two-year
in situ
monitoring survey. To obtain metabolic rates (respiration and photosynthesis), photochemical efficiency (Fv / Fm), and biocalcification measurements, non-invasive techniques such as underwater respirometry, Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) fluorometry, total alkalinity measurements, and digital photography were used. Our findings show clear seasonality in water quality parameters, which affected coral health. Elevated temperatures during the summer were below the maximum monthly mean < 31°C) but reduced the energetic productivity of corals (-44% relative to winter). Fluctuations in salinity (25–38 ppt) and pH (7.65–8.44) were linked to rainfall and reduced calcification rates. The conditions during the spring were favorable for coral metabolism and calcification (+20% relative to summer). Overall, our research demonstrates that the metabolic plasticity of
P. carnosa
in response to shifts in seawater quality allows this species to survive ongoing environmental change. Our
in situ
observations provide fundamental insights into coral response mechanisms under changing environmental conditions and contribute to projections of coral health under future scenarios of global change.
To search for an insect homologue of antioxidant protein 1 (ATX1), a mole cricket, Gryllotalpa orientalis, cDNA library was screened and a cDNA clone, which encodes a 73 amino acid polypeptide with a ...predicted molecular mass of 8.0 kDa and pI of 5.68, was isolated. The G. orientalis ATX1 (GoATX1) cDNA features both a MTCXXC copper-binding site in the N-terminus and a KTGK lysine-rich region in the C-terminus. The deduced amino acid sequence of the GoATX1 cDNA showed 63% identity to Drosophila melanogaster ATX1 and 55% to Ixodes pacificus ATX1. Northern blot analysis revealed the presence of GoATX1 transcripts in midgut, fat body, and epidermis. When H2O2 was injected into the body cavity of G. orientalis adult, GoATX1 mRNA expression was up-regulated in the fat body tissue. Fat body expression level of GoATX1 mRNA in the fat body was increased following exposure to low (4°C) and high (37°C) temperatures, suggesting that GoATX1 plays a protective role against oxidative stress caused by temperature shock. This is the first report about a functional role of insect ATX1 in antioxidant defense.
Chinese Traditional Prescription GanMayDahTzaoTang(GMDZT) was collected in Chin-Kuey-Yao-Liueh in the ancient Hans Dyansty. It known for treatment Mania diease in Chinese Medicine. Mail wistar rats ...and ICR mice were used in this experiments. Continuously administrated orally for 7 days of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg of GMDZT and the following experiments were proceeded：(1)Sedative and Hypnotic test as comparison to that 40mg/kg Sod. pentobarbital. (2)Anticonvulsion experiment as comparison to that 2mg/kg Picrotoxin. (3)Analgesic test induced by acetic acid as comparison to 2mg/kg Morphine. (4)Deermination of Monoamines change in CNS. From the result of our experiments we conclusion that while taking 500mg/kg of GMDZT ,the latency of sleeping was shorted significant -ly (P<0.05)as well as prolonged the sleeping duration(P(0.001).It also shows a drastic analgesic effect(P<0.05) when in anticonvulsion experiments, the onset of clonic convulsion and lethal time was prolonged and the periods of tonic convulsion were shorten (P<0.05). Determinations of brain monoamine contain have showen significantly change in Nor-Adr. Dopamine and Serotonin According to these preliminary pharmacological studies, we know that GMDZT have a positive effect on Antianxiety.
