HIV-infected women are at a risk of developing abnormal lesions of the uterine cervix. The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with normal or abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear ...among HIV-infected women. A case-control study was conducted; case and control were defined as HIV-infected women ≥18 years with an abnormal and normal Pap smear, respectively. A logistic regression analysis was performed, and the Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated with its 95% Confidence Interval (CI). We included 368 patients, and the mean age was 36.83 years (SD ± 9.81), similar between cases and controls. Regarding cases, 30.50% (n = 43) had an alcohol consumption (AC), 75.18% (n = 106) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 37.74% (n = 40) were in virologic failure (VF). About controls, 18.02% (n = 41) had AC, 85.02% (n = 193) were on ART, and 23.12% (n = 40) were in VF. In multivariate analysis, AC OR: 1.77 (1.06-2.95), VF OR: 2.41 (1.55-3.74), and ART OR: 0.07 (0.02-0.23) were significant factors. The risk factors associated with an abnormal Pap smear were AC and VF. ART was a protective factor. Therefore, besides scheduled Pap smear, human papillomavirus screening/immunization, VF, and ART should be strictly reinforced, and AC should be mitigated.
Traffic related injuries are leading contributors to burden of disease worldwide. In developing countries a high proportion of them can be attributed to public transportation vehicles. Several mental ...disorders including alcohol and drug abuse, psychotic disorders, mental stress, productivity pressure, and low monetary income were found predictors of high rates of traffic related injuries in public transportation drivers. The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders in the population of public transportation drivers of buses and rickshaws in Lima, Peru.
Cross sectional study. A sample of bus and rickshaw drivers was systematically selected from formal public transportation companies using a snowball approach. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires for assessing major depressive episode, anxiety symptoms, alcohol abuse, and burnout syndrome. Socio demographic information was also collected. The analyses consisted of descriptive measurement of outcomes taking into account both between and within cluster standard deviation (BCSD and WCSD). A total of 278 bus and 227 rickshaw drivers out of 25 companies agreed to participate in the study. BCSD for major depressive episode, anxiety symptoms and burnout syndrome was not found significant (p>0.05). The estimated prevalence of each variable was 13.7% (IC95%: 10.7-16.6%), 24.1% (IC95%: 19.4-28.8%) and 14.1% (IC95%: 10.8-17.4%) respectively. The estimated prevalence of alcohol abuse was 75.4% (IC95%: 69-81.7%, BCSD = 12.2%, WCSD = 41.9%, intra class correlation (ICC): 7.8%).
Common mental disorders such as alcohol abuse, major depressive episode, anxiety symptoms and burnout syndrome presented higher rates in public transportation drivers than general population.
Objetivo: explorar la asociación entre la frecuencia de resistencia a la insulina y la presencia y distribución de acantosis nigricans en niños con obesidad. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal ...en el que participaron 42 niños con obesidad entre 5 y 10 años. Se caracterizó la presencia de acantosis nigricans (número de zonas y distribución) y otras variables como la edad, sexo e IMC. Se formó cuatro grupos y se determinó la frecuencia de resistencia a la insulina para explorar la asociación entre las demás variables. Resultados: la media de edad fue 8,6 años, con una frecuencia de sexo masculino del 54,8%. El 64,3% presentó acantosis nigricans, de los cuales un 78% presentó resistencia a la insulina. Las variables que resultaron con significancia estadística fueron edad (p=0,009), índice de masa corporal (p=0,025) y presencia de acantosis nigricans en cuello (p=0,007). Conclusiones: existe asociación entre la presencia de resistencia a la insulina y la presencia de acantosis nigricans en cuello en niños con obesidad.
The therapeutic scheme of triclabendazole (TCBZ), the recommended anthelmintic against Fasciola hepatica , involves 10mg/kg of body weight administered in a single dose; however, clinical trials in ...children are scarce. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 2 schemes of TCBZ.
Eighty-four Peruvian children with F. hepatica eggs in their stools were allocated into 2 groups: 44 received 2 dosages of 7.5mg/kg each with a 12-h interval (Group I), and 40 received a single 10-mg/kg dose (Group II). Evaluation of efficacy was based on the presence of eggs in stools, and tolerability was based on the presence of symptoms and signs post-treatment.
A parasitological cure was obtained in 100% of individuals from Group I and 95% of individuals from Group II. The most common adverse event was biliary colic.
The tested scheme was efficacious and tolerable, and it might be an optimal scheme in the region. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the largest series of children treated with TCBZ in a non-hospital setting.
In order to determine the frequency of publication in a scientific journal of the research projects done for medical specialty certification, a search was conducted in Google Scholar, Pubmed, ...biomedical databases and Peruvian medical society journals. These publications were research projects carried out by medical residents graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, to obtain the certification of medical specialist. Of 351 medical residents graduated between the years 2007-2010, 199 (65.5%) completed their research project and 47 (23.6%) published it in a scientific journal. The "medicine" (non-surgical) specialty area had the highest frequency of publications. All publications were in Spanish journals, the majority in indexed journals in regional databases. We conclude that 23.6% of the research projects for certification as medical specialists are published, most often in low visibility journals.
Objetivos: Determinar la eficacia del proceso de limpieza y desinfección de los endoscopios en un hospital de nivel III, y determinar los agentes patógenos más comunes encontrados antes y después del ...proceso. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo tipo serie de casos realizado en agosto, setiembre y octubre del 2010. Se evaluaron 50 ciclos de limpieza y desinfección de endoscopios. Para el aislamiento de microorganismos patógenos se utilizaron medios de cultivos y las pruebas de coagulasa, oxidasa y de pigmentos, medio Agar selectivo (Agar Verde Brillante, Agar Xilosa Lisina Desoxicolato, Agar con Sulfito de Bismuto), y medio Agar Mc Conkey. Resultados: La media del recuento de microorganismos antes del proceso de limpieza y desinfección de los endoscopios fue 835,3 ± 1 114,6 UFC/ml, la mediana 233 UFC/ml. Después del proceso la media fue 236,3 ± 700,7 UFC/ml y la mediana 10 UFC/ml, esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,000001). La carga bacteriana antes del proceso fue positiva en 88% y después del proceso en 26%. Se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa para Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p=0,006) y Salmonella enterica (p=0,00001). La carga bacteriana después del décimo día de activación del desinfectante fue positiva en 55% y antes del noveno día, 19%. Conclusiones: El proceso de limpieza y desinfección de los endoscopios no es efectivo. Los microorganismos patógenos más frecuentes fueron: Salmonella entérica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Escherichia coli. El desinfectante de alto nivel (glutaraldehído al 2%) no es efectivo después del décimo día de haber sido activado
To determine the frequency and associated factors with the completion of research projects done by medical residents.
A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional case series study was performed. ...The unit of analysis was the graduated medical resident during 2010-2012. The archives of the School of Medicine of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) were used. Continuous and categorical variables were summarized in central tendency measures and frequencies, respectively. Factors were considered for medical residents with an approved project and that was or was not completed.
217 medical residents were included in the sample. 32.7% (71/217) completed their project in the study period. Factors favoring the completion of the project were university of origin, the rate of publications of the advisor, academic year, and duration of residency. In the multivariate analysis, the only two significantly associated factors were having done a thesis during undergraduate studies (OR: 3.41; IC 95%: 1.18-9.79), and having an advisor with an average of ≥2.0 (OR: 3.21; IC 95%: 1.01-12.56) publications per year.
The completion frequency of the research projects in medical residency of the School of Medicine of the UPCH is associated with whether the medical resident performed a research during his undergraduate studies and has an advisor with a high rate of publications per year.
The aim of this study was to describe the neurological consultation and baseline characteristics of children with cerebral palsy (CP). The clinical records of children with CP attending an external ...consultation of the Neuropediatric department of Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia between 2011 and 2012 were assessed in this retrospective descriptive study. A total of 81 children were included: 53.1% were boys. Spastic CP was the most frequent (72.8%), hypoxic-isquemic encephalopathy (28.1%) and cerebral malformations (28.1%) were the main causes in term newborn. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 4.1 ± 3.2 years; epilepsy was the most frequent reason for neuropediatric consultation, and 58% were admitted to the hospital at least once. The waiting period to be seen by a physical therapist was around 2 months (interquartile range = 0.8-9). We reached the conclusion that CP was delayed, and the waiting period to access specialized care was prolonged. Protocols and increased efficiency are required to provide adequate medical care to children with CP.
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