The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide and with it the prevalence of malnutrition, which is responsible for the death of almost 20% of cancer patients. The objective of this study was to ...identify the factors associated with malnutrition in hospitalized cancer patients.
Cross-sectional study conducted with 277 hospitalized patients in the Institute of Integrative Medicine Prof. Fernando Figueira from March to November 2013. The nutritional status was classified as well-nourished and moderate/severe malnutrition, according to the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment. The association between moderate/severe malnutrition and demographic, behavioral, socioeconomic, clinical, therapeutic and nutritional variables was investigated through univariate regression and hierarchical Poisson models, with a 5% significance level.
The prevalence of malnutrition was 71.1%, being classified as moderate in 35.4% and severe in 35.7%. After multivariate analysis, smokers/ex-smokers low socioeconomic status, performance status ≥2 and age ≥60 years were associated with increased risk of malnutrition.
There was observed a high prevalence of moderate/severe malnutrition in cancer patients, with the increased risk of malnutrition associated with the presence of factors that can be assessed during hospital admission suggesting a higher alert of the medical and health care staff about the need for nutritional assessment and intervention.
Vitamin A and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review Bastos Maia, Sabina; Rolland Souza, Alex Sandro; Costa Caminha, Maria de Fátima ...
Nutrients,
03/2019, Letnik:
11, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Vitamin A is a crucial micronutrient for pregnant women and their fetuses. In addition to being essential for morphological and functional development and for ocular integrity, vitamin A exerts ...systemic effects on several fetal organs and on the fetal skeleton. Vitamin A requirements during pregnancy are therefore greater. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world. VAD in pregnant women is a public health issue in most developing countries. In contrast, in some developed countries, excessive vitamin A intake during pregnancy can be a concern since, when in excess, this micronutrient may exert teratogenic effects in the first 60 days following conception. Routine prenatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality is not recommended; however, in regions where VAD is a public health issue, vitamin A supplementation is recommended to prevent night blindness. Given the importance of this topic and the lack of a complete, up-to-date review on vitamin A and pregnancy, an extensive review of the literature was conducted to identify conflicting or incomplete data on the topic as well as any gaps in existing data.
To estimate the prevalence of clinical signs and symptoms of severe/extreme stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as their associated factors, among Brazilians during social distancing.
This is a ...cross-sectional study conducted in April/May 2020 with 3,200 Brazilians over 18 years old. Respondents' sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using an online questionnaire, which also included the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess emotional symptoms. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance.
Our results show the prevalence of severe/extreme stress was 21.5%, anxiety 19.4%, and depression 21.5%. In the final model, sociodemographic, clinical, and Covid-19-related factors were associated with severe/extreme stress, anxiety, and depression in Brazilians during social distancing due to the Covid-19 pandemic. We found the main factors associated with severe/extreme depression to be young women, brown, single, not religious, sedentary, presenting reduced leisure activities, history of anxiety and depression, increased medication use, and Covid-19 symptoms.
This study may help develop and systematically plan measures aimed to prevent, early identify, and properly manage clinical signs and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Some studies have suggested that abdominal visceral adipose tissue depth (VAD) measured by ultrasound in early pregnancy, may predict the future onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Wheter ...this is true, independent of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), has been debated, leading the current study. A prospective cohort study was completed, in which VAD was measured at around 14 weeks' gestation. GDM was later assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test at 24 to 28 weeks, according to the IADPSG criteria. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis were used to estimate the predictive value of VAD, above and beyond pre-pregnancy BMI. 627 pregnant women were enrolled, and 518 completed the study. VAD was measured at a mean of 14.4 weeks' gestation. 87 women (16.8%) subsequently developed GDM. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for developing GDM was 1.99 (95% CI 1.59-2.46) per 1-cm increase in VAD. After adjusting for maternal BMI and age, the OR was 2.00 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.50). The ROC under the curve for developing GDM was higher for VAD (0.70, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.75) than for pre-pregnancy BMI (0.57 95% CI 0.50 to 0.64) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, higher VAD may better predict GDM than pre-pregnancy BMI.
Maternal mortality remains a major public health issue worldwide, with persistent high rates prevailing principally in underdeveloped countries. The objective of this study was to determine the risk ...factors for severe maternal morbidity and near miss (SMM/NM) in pregnant and postpartum women at the maternity ward of the Dom Malan Hospital, Petrolina, in northeastern Brazil.
A retrospective, cohort study was conducted to evaluate the sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of the women. Patients who remained hospitalized at the end of the study period were excluded. Risk ratios (RR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated as a measure of relative risk. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was also performed. Two-tailed p-values were used for all the tests and the significance level adopted was 5%.
A total of 2,291 pregnant or postpartum women receiving care between May and August, 2011 were included. The frequencies of severe maternal morbidity and near miss were 17.5% and 1.0%, respectively. Following multivariate analysis, the factors that remained significantly associated with an increased risk of SMM/NM were a Cesarean section in the current pregnancy (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 2.0 - 3.3), clinical comorbidities (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 2.5 - 4.4), having attended fewer than six prenatal visits (OR: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.69) and the presence of the third delay (i.e. delay in receiving care at the health facility) (OR: 13.3; 95% CI: 6.7 - 26.4).
The risk of SMM/NM was greater in women who had been submitted to a Cesarean section in the current pregnancy, in the presence of clinical comorbidities, fewer prenatal visits and when the third delay was present. All these factors could be minimized by initiating a broad debate on healthcare policies, introducing preventive measures and improving the training of the professionals and services providing obstetric care.
To assess fetal visceral adiposity and associated factors during pregnancy.
Secondary analysis of prospective cohort data with 172 pairs (pregnant woman/fetus) treated at public health units. ...Anthropometric data, metabolic (glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides) measures, fetal biometry, and visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in the binomial (pregnant woman/fetus) were evaluated at the 16th, 28th and 36th gestational weeks by ultrasonography. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were used, with a significance level of 5%.
At the 16th week, the mean age of the pregnant women was 26.6±5.8 years and mean weight was 62.7±11.5kg; 47.0% had normal weight, 28.3% were overweight, 13.3% were underweight, and 11.2% were obese. At 36 weeks, 44.1% had inadequate gestational weight gain, 32.5% had adequate gestational weight gain, and 23.3% had excessive gestational weight gain. Fetal visceral adiposity at week 36 showed a positive correlation with maternal variables: weight (r=0.15) and body mass index (r=0.21) at the 16th; with weight (r=0.19), body mass index (r=0.24), and gestational weight gain (r=0.21) at the 28th; and with weight (r=0.22), body mass index (r=0.26), and gestational weight gain (r=0.21) at the 36th week. After multiple linear regression, adiposity at the 28th week remained associated with fetal variables: abdominal circumference (p<0.0001), head circumference (p=0.01), area (p<0.0001), and thigh circumference (p<0.001). At the 36th week, adiposity remained associated with the abdominal circumference of the 28th (p=0.02) and 36th weeks (p<0.001).
Adiposity was positively correlated with the measurements of the pregnant woman. After the multivariate analysis, the persistence of the association occurred with the abdominal circumference, a central adiposity measurement with a higher metabolic risk.
Avaliar a adiposidade visceral fetal e fatores associados na gestação.
Análise secundária de dados de coorte prospectiva com 172 pares (gestantes/fetos) atendidas em unidades públicas de saúde. Foram avaliadas nas gestantes na 16ª, 28ª e 36ª semana gestacional: medidas antropométricas, metabólicas (glicose, hemoglobina glicada, insulina, resistência à insulina, colesterol total e frações, triglicerídeos), biometria fetal e adiposidade visceral e subcutânea no binômio (gestantes/feto) por ultrassonografia. Utilizamos o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla, com nível de significância de 5%.
Na 16ª semana a média de idade das gestantes foi de 26,6±5,8 anos e peso 62,7±11,5 quilogramas, 47,0% eram eutróficas, 28,3% sobrepeso, 13,3% baixo peso e 11,2% obesas. Na 36ª semana, 44,1% tiveram ganho ponderal gestacional insuficiente, 32,5% adequado e 23,3% excessivo. A adiposidade visceral fetal na 36ª semana apresentou correlação positiva com variáveis maternas: peso (r=0,15) e índice de massa corpórea (r=0,21) na 16ª; com peso (r=0,19), índice de massa corpórea (r=0,24) e ganho ponderal gestacional (r=0,21) na 28ª; com peso (r=0,22), índice de massa corpórea (r=0,26) e ganho ponderal gestacional (r=0,21) na 36ª semana. Após regressão linear múltipla a adiposidade na 28ª semana permaneceu associada com variáveis fetais: circunferência abdominal (p<0,0001), circunferência cefálica (p=0,01), área (p<0,0001) e circunferência da coxa (p<0,001). Na 36ª semana com circunferência abdominal da 28ª (p=0,02) e 36ª semana (p<0,001).
A adiposidade foi positivamente correlacionada com medidas da gestante, após análise multivariada a persistência da associação deu-se com a circunferência abdominal, medida de adiposidade central, de maior risco metabólico.
Various methods are currently used for the induction of labor. Nevertheless, the most effective method with the fewest side effects remains to be established. Misoprostol, administered vaginally, has ...been routinely used for this purpose; however, other forms of administration are being proposed, including the use of sublingual tablets. No studies have yet compared the effectiveness and safety of 12.5-μg misoprostol administered sublingually compared to a 25-μg vaginal dose of the drug for the induction of labor.
A triple-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial will be conducted in Brazil at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira and at the Assis Chateaubriand Maternity Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Ceará. A total of 140 patients with full-term pregnancies, a live fetus, a Bishop score ≤ 6 and a recommendation of induction of labor will be randomized to one of two groups. One group will receive 12.5-μg sublingual tablets of misoprostol and placebo vaginal tablets, while the other group will receive placebo sublingual tablets and vaginal tablets containing 25 μg of misoprostol. The principal endpoint is the rate of tachysystole. The secondary endpoints are vaginal delivery within 24 h of induction, uterine hyperstimulation, Cesarean section, severe neonatal morbidity or perinatal death, severe maternal morbidity or maternal death, and maternal preference regarding the route of administration of the drug. Student's t-test, and the chi-square test of association or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate, will be used in the data analysis. Risk ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals will be calculated.
Misoprostol has been identified as a safe, inexpensive, easily administered option for the induction of labor, with satisfactory results. An experimental study has shown that misoprostol administered sublingually at a dose of 25 μg appears to be effective and is associated with greater maternal satisfaction when labor is induced in women with an unfavorable cervix. Nevertheless, the rate of tachysystole remains high; therefore, further studies are required to determine the ideal dose and the ideal interval of time between doses.
ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01406392 .
Abstract Objective To determine the effect of treadmill walking on maternal heart rate (MHR) and cardiotocographic parameters (basal fetal heart rate FHR, active fetal movements AFM, number of ...accelerations and decelerations, and short-term variation STV and long-term variation LTV of fetal heart rate) in pregnant women at 36 weeks. Methods A nonrandomized, open clinical trial involving 88 healthy pregnant women submitted to moderate intensity walking and computed cardiotocography in 3 20- minute periods (resting, treadmill walking, and postexercise recovery). Results The mean FHR decreased during walking (resting: 137 bpm; treadmill: 98 bpm; recovery: 140 bpm; p<0.001), with bradycardia occurring in 56% of the fetuses in the first 10minutes of exercise, and in 47% after 20minutes. Bradycardia was not detected in the other phases. The mean STV and HV were 7.9, 17.0, and 8.0 milliseconds (p<0.001) and 7.6, 10.8 and 7.6 bpm (p=0.002) in the resting, walking and recovery phases, respectively. Themean number of fetalmovements in 1 hour was 29.9, 22.2 and 45.5, respectively, in the 3 periods (p<0.001). In overweight/obese women, the mean FHR was lower (p=0.02). Following the logistic regression analysis, two variables remained significantly associated with bradycardia: maternal fitness in the 28th week of pregnancy (protective effect) and maternal weight (increased risk). Conclusion In healthy fetuses, physical exercise proved to be safe, since, although FHR and AFM decreased during treadmill walking, an increase in SVT and LTV was observed.
Women's mental health in times of COVID-19 Souza, Alex Sandro Rolland; Souza, Gustavo Fonseca de Albuquerque; Praciano, Gabriella de Almeida Figueredo
Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil,
09/2020, Letnik:
20, Številka:
3
Journal Article
PDF
