Semarang is the central of economic growth in the Central Java; grow as the city of industry, trade, services and education. One of the impacts of urban development is air pollution and acid rain. ...This study aims to analyse the impact of emissions of SO2 and NO2 emissions from stationary sources and mobile sources of the content of SO42-and NO3− in the rain. Research method using Gaussian distribution models to determine the contribution of SO2 and NO2 emissions from 98 industrial stacks and transport activity of 43 major roads in the city of Semarang and its correlation with SO42-and NO3− in the rain at points monitored. Location of monitoring conducted at 13 monitoring points includes residential areas, industrial areas and areas with dense transport. Number of samples rainwater 131 samples during the period February - May 2013. SO2 emissions from stationary sources and transportation caused 1.1 to 1.9%. Whereas NO2 impact of emission sources in Semarang on nitrates in rain water was 27.1% of rain events during the period January - June 2013.
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Wukirsari Kecamatan Cangkringan Kabupaten Sleman. Radioaktif alam adalah radioaktif yang berasal dari radiasi yang ada di bumi. Radionuklida alam penyumbang ...terbesar terhadap besarnya paparan gamma ke manusia adalah anak luruh Uranium-238 (U-238). Radionuklida tersebut akan sangat berbahaya bagi manusia jika mencemari airtanah yang akan digunakan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persebaran radioaktivitas gamma dalam airtanah bebasdi daerah penelitianakibat erupsi Gunungapi Merapi 2010 dan merumuskan upaya strategik pengelolaan lingkungan untuk menangani permasalahan potensi terkontaminasinya airtanah oleh radioaktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey.Metode sistematik berdasarkan grid untuk menentukan titik sampel dan pola aliran airtanah. Untuk memperoleh data kualitas airtanah menggunakan metode purposif dengan mempertimbangkan titik sampel yang diambil harus berada pada satu jalur aliran airtanah yang ditunjukkan dalam pola aliran airtanah. Data yang diperoleh berupa data aktivitas radioaktif dan dosis efektif. Tujuan kedua dicapai dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data sebaran dosis efektif sebagai acuan alternatif strategi pengelolaan lingkungan yang diberikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, aktivitas radioaktif gamma U-238 pada airtanah dilokasi penelitian masih aman karena masih di bawah baku mutu berdasarkan Keputusan Kepala Badan Pengawas Tenaga Nuklir nomor: 02/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 tentang baku tingkat radioaktivitas lingkungan yaitu 1x103 Bq/liter untuk syarat aktivitas U-238 di air. Dari hasil pengujian didapati bahwa, aktivitas U-238 rentang yaitu 0,123±0,04 Bq/liter sampai 0,283±0,011 Bq/liter. Untuk dosis efektif didapati bahwa sebaran dosis efektif di daerah penelitian juga masih sangat rendah dan aman yaitu berada pada 4,00 µSv/tahun hingga 8,14 µSv/tahun. Dosis efektif di daerah penelitian masih jauh di bawah batas ambang yang ditentukan WHO yaitu 0,1 mSv/tahun untuk besarnya dosis efektif pada air minum. Dengan demikian dosis efektif pada daerah penelitian masih aman dan tidak menimbulkan dampak stokastik maupun non stokastik (deterministik). Alternatif strategi pengelolaan lingkungan dilakukan melalui strategi yang bersifat preventif yang meliputi persyaratan manajemen, teknik, proteksi radiasi dan keselamatan yang diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 33 tahun 2007 tentang keselamatan radiasi pengion dan keamanan sumber radioaktif, dan UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. ABSTRACT This research was conducted in the village of Wukirsari Cangkringan sub-district of Sleman Regency.Nature radioactive is a radioactive which come from radiation on earth. The largest contributor of natural radionuclides against the magnitude of gamma exposure to human is Uranium daughter U-238 (Uranium-238). That radionuclides is very dangerous to human if it pollutes into groundwaters which will be used by human. This research aims to assess the distribution of gamma radioactive because of Merapi Volcano eruption on 2010 in free groundwaters at study area and to formulate environmental management strategies to handle the problem of groundwaters contamination potency by radioactive. This research was used survey method. Systematic method based on grid to determine sample point and groundwaters flow pattern. To obtain the data of groundwaters quality use purposive method which consider that sample point must be on one track at groundwaters flow that showed in flownet. The data obtained is activity data of radioactive and effective dose. The second objective is achieved by qualitative descriptive method which use the data of effective dose distribute as a alternative reference to formulate environmental management strategies. This result showed that gamma radioactive activity from U-238 on groundwaters at study area is still safe because it is still below the quality standards that based on the decision by the Head of the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency number: 02/Ka-BAPETEN/V-99 about standard level of radioactivity in the environment that is 1x103 Bq/litre in terms of U-238 activity in water. From the test results it was found that range of U-238 activity that is 0,123±0,04 Bq/litre until 0,283±0,011 Bq/litre. For the effective dose was found that effective dose distribution in the study area is still very low and safe that is 4,00 µSv/year until 8,14 µSv/year. The effective dose in the study area is still far below the WHO threshold specified that is 0,1 mSv/year for the magnitude of the effective dose in drinking water. Thus the effective dose in the study area is still safe and do not impact stochastic and non-stochastic effects (deterministic). Environmental management strategies conducted through preventive strategies which includes requirements management, engineering, radiation protection and safety stipulated in Government Regulation Number 33 of 2007 about ionizing radiation safety and security of radioactive sources, and Act number 32 / 2009 on environmental protection and management.
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