The aim of this study was to investigate leachable components (monomers) in high and low viscosity dental bulk-fill resin composites and conventional resin composite materials after polymerization. ...Six bulk-fill and six conventional dental resin composite materials were used in this study. The samples of each material (three sets of triplicates) were cured for 20 s with irradiance of 1200 mW/cm
with a LED curing unit and immersed in a 75% ethanol solution at 37 °C. The eluates from each triplicate set were analyzed after 24 h, 7 days or 28 days using liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Detectable amounts of 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were found in both Gradia materials and the amount observed across different time points was statistically different (
˂ 0.05), with the amount in solution increasing for Gradia and decreasing for Gradia Direct flo. Bisphenol A diglycidildimethacrylate (BIS GMA) was found in Filtek and Tetric materials. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was detected in all materials. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences in the amounts of TEGDMA detected across different time points in either of the tested materials. Monomers HEMA, TEGDMA, 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (DMA BEE) and BIS GMA in bulk-fill and conventional composites (high and low viscosity) can be eluted after polymerization. The good selection of composite material and proper handling, the following of the manufacturer's instructions for polymerization and the use of finishing and polishing procedures may reduce the elution of the unpolymerized monomers> responsible for the possible allergic and genotoxic potential of dental resin composites.
Market reports show an increasing interest for healthy biscuits, with omega-3 and lignan rich flaxseeds being highlighted as key ingredients. Usage of milled flaxseed in comparison to the whole seed ...might improve bioaccessibility of lignans and omega-3, but also accelerate lipid oxidation, thus diminishing the consumers' acceptability.
This research investigated the nutritional (lignans, omega-3, phenolic acids, antioxidant activity), physical (texture, spreading), and sensory properties of biscuits made from whole wheat, rye, oat, and barley with added milled flaxseed (10% on flour basis), as well as oxidative stability during storage.
Lignans concentration in flaxseed biscuits (final range 101–117 mg/kg) was 30 times higher than in non-enriched whole-wheat biscuits (3.6 mg/kg), and concentration was unaffected by baking. The addition of flaxseed contributed to the variety of phenolic acids but not total phenolics, as well as increased the spread factor. The right combination of cereal flours with flaxseed resulted in sensory acceptance similar to white flour biscuits. While the barley-flaxseed combination was the least favourable, oat flour showed the best combination with flaxseed, but their acceptance significantly decreased during storage. Texture was dependent on the used cereal flour, as was the oxidative stability of biscuits which was minimally three months at ambient conditions.
•10% flaxseed biscuits have a substantial amount of lignans and omega-3 fatty acids.•Lignans are stable during the process of biscuit baking.•Combination of different cereal mixtures results in a sensory acceptable products.•Barley addition emphasizes the flaxseed aroma in biscuits.•Multi-cereal biscuits with flaxseed are promising diet improvement approach.
Preparation of flaxseed for lignan determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method Sarajlija, H., Croatian Ministry of the Interior, Zagreb (Croatia). Forensic Science Centre Ivan Vucetic; Cukelj, N., University of Zagreb (Croatia). Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; Novotni, D., University of Zagreb (Croatia). Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology ...
Czech Journal of Food Sciences,
01/2012, Letnik:
30, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Since 1980s, several methods for the determination of lignans in food samples have been developed depending on the types of lignans and foods analysed, but mostly on flaxseed as a reference food. In ...this work, specific steps in flaxseed preparation for lignan secoisolariciresinol analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method were examined. Ethanol extraction of lignan from defatted and non-defatted flaxseed before acid hydrolysis yielded significantly lower concentrations (5,172+/-49 microg/g; 5,159+/-83 microg/g, respectively), when compared to the direct acid hydrolysis (8,566+/-169 microg/g; 8,571+/-192 microg/g, respectively). In the analysed samples of defatted and dried flaxseed, no significant difference in lignan content was observed when compared to non-defatted flaxseed samples.
The aim of this study was to investigate leachable components (monomers) in high and low viscosity dental bulk-fill resin composites and conventional resin composite materials after polymerization. ...Six bulk-fill and six conventional dental resin composite materials were used in this study. The samples of each material (three sets of triplicates) were cured for 20 s with irradiance of 1200 mW/cmsup.2 with a LED curing unit and immersed in a 75% ethanol solution at 37 °C. The eluates from each triplicate set were analyzed after 24 h, 7 days or 28 days using liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Detectable amounts of 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were found in both Gradia materials and the amount observed across different time points was statistically different (p ˂ 0.05), with the amount in solution increasing for Gradia and decreasing for Gradia Direct flo. Bisphenol A diglycidildimethacrylate (BIS GMA) was found in Filtek and Tetric materials. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was detected in all materials. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences in the amounts of TEGDMA detected across different time points in either of the tested materials. Monomers HEMA, TEGDMA, 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (DMA BEE) and BIS GMA in bulk-fill and conventional composites (high and low viscosity) can be eluted after polymerization. The good selection of composite material and proper handling, the following of the manufacturer’s instructions for polymerization and the use of finishing and polishing procedures may reduce the elution of the unpolymerized monomers> responsible for the possible allergic and genotoxic potential of dental resin composites.
Whole grain cereals are an important source of bioavailable lignans, the group of compounds with potential anti-cancerogenic, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and antiangiogenic ...properties. The aim of this work was to develop a sensitive method for determination of wheat bran lignans. The analysis of lignans secoisolariciresinol, hydroxymatairesinol, lariciresinol, matairesinol, pinoresinol, syringaresinol is based on derivatization with pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA) and gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD), using styrene glycol as internal standard. To our knowledge, this is the first time that EC detection has been used for lignan analysis. The results show that the technique is reproducible and sensitive enough for detecting lignans in wheat at parts-per-billion (ppb) levels, except for hydroxymatairesinol. The method developed showed good recovery (85–105%) and precision (4–20%) for five types of lignans and thus represents a simpler and more affordable alternative to state-of-the-art wheat lignan liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis.
Objective
The objective of this study was determination of causative factors of the genital infections and their correlation with various predictor variables. Secondary objectives included: (1) ...determination of the presence and the type of low molecular weight metabolites in the samples of vaginal secretion formed in vivo, (2) determination of the concentration of 2-phenylethanol formed in vitro for each
Candida
species, (3) determination of the relationship between fungal/bacterial/viral infections with the metabolites formed in vivo using multivariate analysis.
Methods
One hundred and ninety-seven women in the age range from 18 to 65 years were included in the study. After the completion of questionnaire, all the patients were subjected to Pap test, cervical swabs for the presence of aerobic bacteria, yeasts,
Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis,
Mycoplasma,
and hrHPV DNA. The presence and the concentration of low-molecular weight metabolites in vitro and in vivo were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. Multivariate analysis methods were used for statistical evaluation.
Results
The most important risk factors of fungal/bacterial/viral infections were determined. The presence of 2-phenylethanol in vivo was confirmed in 14 of 74 tested samples and connected with the
Candida
species. The presence of symptoms, hrHPV DNA and
Ureaplasma urealyticum
are the predictor variables with the highest influence on the formation of the metabolite in vivo. The results in vitro confirmed that various
Candida
species produced 2-phenylethanol with the concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 4.64 μg/mL.
Conclusion
The medical exposure to irradiation, marital status, and number of partners as well as stress factors (miscarriages, chronic, viral, or tumor illnesses) had the highest influence on the development of the bacterial/fungal/viral infections. The formation of 2-phenylethanol, both in vivo and in vitro, was confirmed and connected with
Candida
species. Besides, according to statistical tests, it seems that presence of symptoms, hrHPV DNA, and
Ureaplasma urealyticum
had also significant role on the formation of 2-phenylethanol in vivo.
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