S2002 Colonic Schwannoma: A Cause for Nerves? Sehmbhi, Mantej; Satoi, Sera; Liu, Qingqing ...
The American journal of gastroenterology,
10/2022, Letnik:
117, Številka:
10S
Journal Article
Safe and noninvasive methods for breast cancer screening with improved accuracy are urgently needed. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in biological samples such as breath and blood have been ...investigated as noninvasive novel markers of cancer. We investigated volatile organic compounds in urine to assess their potential for the detection of breast cancer. One hundred and ten women with biopsy-proven breast cancer and 177 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The subjects were divided into two groups: a training set and an external validation set. Urine samples were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A predictive model was constructed by multivariate analysis, and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were confirmed using both a training set and an external set with reproducibility tests. The training set included 60 breast cancer patients (age 34-88 years, mean 60.3) and 60 healthy controls (age 34-81 years, mean 58.7). The external validation set included 50 breast cancer patients (age 35-85 years, mean 58.8) and 117 healthy controls (age 18-84 years, mean 51.2). One hundred and ninety-one compounds detected in at least 80% of the samples from the training set were used for further analysis. The predictive model that best-detected breast cancer at various clinical stages was constructed using a combination of two of the compounds, 2-propanol and 2-butanone. The sensitivity and specificity in the training set were 93.3% and 83.3%, respectively. Triplicated reproducibility tests were performed by randomly choosing ten samples from each group, and the results showed a matching rate of 100% for the breast cancer patient group and 90% for the healthy control group. Our prediction model using two VOCs is a useful complement to the current diagnostic tools. Further studies inclusive of benign tumors and non-breast malignancies are warranted.
Purpose
The data of head-to-head comparisons of the anti-fracture efficacy of bone modifying agents (BMAs) in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer receiving aromatase inhibitor (AI) ...are not available. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of different BMAs in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant AI.
Methods
We performed a network meta-analysis to compare the change of bone mineral densities (BMDs) and the risk of fracture in the selected studies using a random effect model. The primary outcomes are the change of BMD of lumbar spine (LS) and total hip (TH) from the baseline (ΔBMD, %) at 1 and 2 years and the risk of fracture.
Results
We identified and included a total of 16 randomized controlled trials for this analysis. All BMAs included (risedronate, zoledronate, and denosumab) were associated with a significant increase in BMD of LS and TH at 1 and 2 years compared with no upfront treatment group. Among BMAs, zoledronate and denosumab use resulted in significantly higher BMD of LS and TH at 1 and 2 years compared with risedronate. The risk of fracture was significantly lower in the patients who received denosumab or risedronate compared with the patients without upfront treatment (Relative risk (RR) 95% CI 0.51 0.38–0.67 and 0.54 0.35–0.83, respectively).
Conclusion
Among the bisphosphonates, zoledronate increased BMD the most, but risedronate, not zoledronate, use was associated with lower risk of fracture. Denosumab increased BMD not only of LS but also of the cortical-bone-rich hip, and showed a significant reduction of fracture risk.
Background
The best regimen of neo‐adjuvant therapy for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unknown. Recent studies have shown promising data that adding carboplatin or pembrolizumab improves the ...rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) in TNBC. Therefore, we performed a network meta‐analysis to define the overall, most effective, neo‐adjuvant systemic therapy for TNBC.
Methods
We searched for studies comparing different neo‐adjuvant regimens in patients with TNBC. We performed a network meta‐analysis comparing the regimens using the random‐effects model. We focused on anthracycline, bevacizumab, pembrolizumab, and platinum salts (Pl). All study regimens contained a taxane. We analyzed the rate of pCR (ypT0/is, N0), and the incidence of febrile neutropenia, grade 3‐grade 4 thrombocytopenia, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea.
Results
We identified a total of 13 randomized control trials for this analysis. We compared ten different classes of regimens. We found that regimens containing Pl were significantly superior to non–PI‐containing regimens for the rate of pCR. Similarly, pembrolizumab‐containing regimens were associated with significantly higher pCR rates. Regimens containing bevacizumab significantly increased the rate of pCR as well. However, it was equivocal as to whether the addition of Pl to pembrolizumab‐containing regimen increases pCR rates. Adding anthracycline into the regimen did not show an improved rate of pCR. In the safety analysis, regimens containing Pl were associated with a significantly higher incidence of febrile neutropenia and grade 3‐grade 4 thrombocytopenia. The regimen containing anthracycline plus bevacizumab plus Pl was associated with a higher risk of gastrointestinal adverse events.
Conclusions
For TNBC, regimens containing bevacizumab, pembrolizumab, or Pl are most effective in terms of pCR rates, though it is unclear whether combining all these medications has the greatest efficacy. Additionally, the benefit of using anthracycline in the neo‐adjuvant therapy regimen for TNBC is not apparent, which may warrant a further head‐to‐head comparison.
Background
The data of head-to-head comparisons of the effect of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) in patients with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer without skeletal metastasis is ...limited. Thus, we conducted a network meta-analysis to compare each BMA for the efficacy of bone mineral densities (BMDs) and the risk of fracture.
Methods
We performed a network meta-analysis to compare the change of BMDs and the risk of vertebral fracture in the studies included using a random-effect model. The primary outcomes are the change of BMD of the lumbar spine (LS) and the total hip (TH) from the baseline at 1 year from the initiation of the BMA and the risk of vertebral fracture.
Results
We identified and included 15 studies in this analysis. All BMAs except risedronate showed a significant increase of BMD of the LS compared with groups without BMA, among which zoledronate showed the most BMD gain. At TH, bisphosphonates (alendronate, pamidronate, and zoledronate) and denosumab showed significant elevation compared with the no-BMA group. Denosumab was associated with the most BMD gain at the TH. Only denosumab reduced the risk of vertebral fracture (relative risk 95% confidence interval: 0.40 0.20–0.81). Although zoledronate showed the highest BMD gain at the LS, it did not reduce the risk of vertebral fracture in this analysis.
Conclusion
Most bisphosphonates and denosumab significantly increased BMD at the LS and the TH in patients receiving ADT for prostate cancer without skeletal metastasis. In particular, zoledronate and denosumab were the most potent BMAs in terms of BMD increment at the LS and the TH, respectively. However, denosumab, not zoledronate, was the only BMA that showed a significant risk reduction of vertebral fracture. We need further studies to examine the change of bone quality and the effect on the risk of non-vertebral and hip fractures.
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