The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will enable a neutrinoless double beta decay search in parallel to the main science goal of discovering dark matter particle interactions. We report the expected LZ ...sensitivity to \(^{136}\)Xe neutrinoless double beta decay, taking advantage of the significant (\(>\)600 kg) \(^{136}\)Xe mass contained within the active volume of LZ without isotopic enrichment. After 1000 live-days, the median exclusion sensitivity to the half-life of \(^{136}\)Xe is projected to be 1.06\(\times\)10\(^{26}\) years (90% confidence level), similar to existing constraints. We also report the expected sensitivity of a possible subsequent dedicated exposure using 90% enrichment with \(^{136}\)Xe at 1.06\(\times\)10\(^{27}\) years.
Cashless electronic transaction is getting immense popularity nowadays due to its procedural and bureaucratic simplicity. Almost each and every organization and financial institutes prefers ...electronic transaction in lieu of pen-paper based banking approach, which depends on high speed internet technology. However, this online monetary transaction is a long cherished blessing for the developed countries. In developing and underdeveloped countries, SMS banking gets rapid popularity over the internet banking via mobile phone, since internet based m-banking suffers from several limitations of internet connectivity, such as inaccessibility, slow speed, intermittent disruptions, and need for costly handset. In this paper, we propose a scheme where even without having an internet connection within the mobile handset, a client can virtually get the advantage of high speed internet banking via a GSM incorporated SMS transaction. Moreover, security over internet is a burning issue irrespective of the type of transaction, especially when the internet based transactions are operated at the user end. In the proposed scheme, we also offer a newly dimensioned security protocol using digital watermarking technique.
Theme of E-Governance admits agile and ameliorated citizen service from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. An efficacious e-Governance system ascertains completion of administrative tasks ...in a nimble way reducing bureaucracy through a transparent protocol being robust against corruption. With the increased utilization and adaptation of the information and communication technologies (ICT), especially through the overhauls of the Internet, the idea of e-governance becomes easy to implement and lucrative for both the administrators and mass population. In this paper, a four dimensional e-governance approach for any administrative entity is proposed. This protocol provides a better control for decision makers over their employees as well as defends employees against over dominance and victimization from high officials. Proper sharing of work and organizational hierarchy is also ensured for the Least Developed Countries (LDC's) using their existing infrastructure in the proposed scheme. Most importantly security and integrity of emergency data are enhanced using digital watermarking based on DCT coefficients replacement method.
In this paper, a GSM based cellular communication scheme with encompassing security is proposed for electronic banking. In order to demonstrate the detailed steps of the scheme in a quick but ...convenient manner, Warnier-Orr representation of the proposed protocols is used. The proposed SMS based mobile banking scheme provides opportunity to every client of a financial institution to use modern facilities available nowadays via internet banking. The key advantage of our scheme is that the users do not need any sophisticated cellular phone or internet connectivity within the mobile handset. They can get major services, like balance enquiry, balance transfer between authenticated customers, and bill payment without going to the bank physically and saving the precious time. Security at the level of internet based communication between the mobile server and the banking server, which is beyond the control of the clients, is a crucial issue to be handled. In view of providing a high level of security, in addition to voice authentication, the digital audio watermarking technique is employed. There is no doubt that such a secured but easy to handle system can attract clients towards e-banking, especially in developing countries.
For the promising population, the growing demand of energy has delicate the requirement of alternative sources of energies other than fossil fuels. Though renewable energy resources like solar, ...biomass, hydro and geothermal energy appear as environment friendly, replenishing sources of energy, a comprehensive solution appears far-fetched as far as large scale production and wide-spread dissemination is concerned when long term cost factors are taken into consideration. The unwavering boost of population and ongoing depletion of fossil fuels and have further exacerbated the energy crisis. In this paper, discussions on the limitations of conventional and renewable sources of energy compared to advanced fourth generation nuclear power on the basis of environmental contamination, energy security, cost of fossil fuels and electricity generation and have philosophy to the prospects of nuclear power as the ultimate future energy option for the developing countries are done. Environmental issues, long term cost factors, radiation hazard and safety concerns have been considered with respect to the generation of electricity using advanced third Generation nuclear power. This study proposes that gen-4 nuclear appears to be a long term environment favorable panacea to the much discoursed problem of energy crisis by maintaining energy security and long term cost concern in developing countries as well as in the whole world.
