Introducción: el síndrome de Treacher Collins (TCS) fue descrito por Edward Treacher Collins en el año 1900, es un trastorno autosómico genético, el cual causa malformaciones otológicas, dentales y ...oftálmicas. Objetivo: el propósito de esta investigación es determinar los problemas bucales y psicosociales que se presentan en los niños con TCS. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática con enfoque cualitativo, de tipo retrospectivo, con diseño descriptivo y analítico y método deductivo. Para la obtención de datos se utilizaron 34 artículos, las variables evaluadas fueron: situaciones psicosociales, deformaciones faciales, anomalías bucales, problemas en el desarrollo psicomotor y tratamientos bucales más frecuentes en los niños con este síndrome. Resultados: se describió que entre las situaciones psicosociales que presentan mayor afectación en su calidad de vida están la baja autoestima e inseguridad. Tambíen se pudo determinar que las deformaciones faciales intervienen mucho en su funcionamiento psicomotriz. Con respecto a las anomalías bucales las más frecuentes fueron las anomalías en el crecimiento craneofacial y las maloclusiones. En las dificultades del desarrollo psicomotor se describieron dificultades respiratorias y auditivas. Finalmente, en los tratamientos bucales se detalló a las cirugías maxilofaciales, la ortodoncia y las restauraciones de caries como los más comunes. Conclusión: las situaciones psicosociales que viven estos pacientes afectan su calidad de vida e intervienen mucho en sus relaciones sociales debido a sus deformaciones cráneo faciales que afectan su oclusión, vista, audición y habla. Necesitan un tratamiento disciplinar, desde edad temprana para poder afrontar la sociedad.
Introducción: el síndrome de Treacher Collins (TCS) fue descrito por Edward Treacher Collins en el año 1900, es un trastorno autosómico genético, el cual causa malformaciones otológicas, dentales y ...oftálmicas. Objetivo: el propósito de esta investigación es determinar los problemas bucales y psicosociales que se presentan en los niños con TCS. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática con enfoque cualitativo, de tipo retrospectivo, con diseño descriptivo y analítico y método deductivo. Para la obtención de datos se utilizaron 34 artículos, las variables evaluadas fueron: situaciones psicosociales, deformaciones faciales, anomalías bucales, problemas en el desarrollo psicomotor y tratamientos bucales más frecuentes en los niños con este síndrome. Resultados: se describió que entre las situaciones psicosociales que presentan mayor afectación en su calidad de vida están la baja autoestima e inseguridad. Tambíen se pudo determinar que las deformaciones faciales intervienen mucho en su funcionamiento psicomotriz. Con respecto a las anomalías bucales las más frecuentes fueron las anomalías en el crecimiento craneofacial y las maloclusiones. En las dificultades del desarrollo psicomotor se describieron dificultades respiratorias y auditivas. Finalmente, en los tratamientos bucales se detalló a las cirugías maxilofaciales, la ortodoncia y las restauraciones de caries como los más comunes. Conclusión: las situaciones psicosociales que viven estos pacientes afectan su calidad de vida e intervienen mucho en sus relaciones sociales debido a sus deformaciones cráneo faciales que afectan su oclusión, vista, audición y habla. Necesitan un tratamiento disciplinar, desde edad temprana para poder afrontar la sociedad.
To investigate whether the compensatory trunk movements of stroke survivors observed during reaching tasks can be decreased by force and visual feedback, and to examine whether one of these feedback ...modalities is more efficacious than the other in reducing this compensatory tendency.
Randomized crossover trial.
University research laboratory.
Community-dwelling older adults (N=15; 5 women; mean age, 64±11y) with hemiplegia from nontraumatic hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke (>3mo poststroke), recruited from stroke recovery groups, the research group's website, and the community.
In a single session, participants received augmented feedback about their trunk compensation during a bimanual reaching task. Visual feedback (60 trials) was delivered through a computer monitor, and force feedback (60 trials) was delivered through 2 robotic devices.
Primary outcome measure included change in anterior trunk displacement measured by motion tracking camera. Secondary outcomes included trunk rotation, index of curvature (measure of straightness of hands' path toward target), root mean square error of hands' movement (differences between hand position on every iteration of the program), completion time for each trial, and posttest questionnaire to evaluate users' experience and system's usability.
Both visual (-45.6% 45.8 SD change from baseline, P=.004) and force (-41.1% 46.1 SD, P=.004) feedback were effective in reducing trunk compensation. Scores on secondary outcome measures did not improve with either feedback modality. Neither feedback condition was superior.
Visual and force feedback show promise as 2 modalities that could be used to decrease trunk compensation in stroke survivors during reaching tasks. It remains to be established which one of these 2 feedback modalities is more efficacious than the other as a cue to reduce compensatory trunk movement.
The evolutionary origin of metazoan cell types such as neurons and muscles is not known. Using whole-body single-cell RNA sequencing in a sponge, an animal without nervous system and musculature, we ...identified 18 distinct cell types. These include nitric oxide–sensitive contractile pinacocytes, amoeboid phagocytes, and secretory neuroid cells that reside in close contact with digestive choanocytes that express scaffolding and receptor proteins. Visualizing neuroid cells by correlative x-ray and electron microscopy revealed secretory vesicles and cellular projections enwrapping choanocyte microvilli and cilia. Our data show a communication system that is organized around sponge digestive chambers, using conserved modules that became incorporated into the pre- and postsynapse in the nervous systems of other animals.
Soil fungi are key players in nutrient cycles as decomposers, mutualists and pathogens, but the impact of tropical rain forest transformation into rubber or oil palm plantations on fungal community ...structures and their ecological functions are unknown. We hypothesized that increasing land use intensity and habitat loss due to the replacement of the hyperdiverse forest flora by nonendemic cash crops drives a drastic loss of diversity of soil fungal taxa and impairs the ecological soil functions. Unexpectedly, rain forest conversion was not associated with strong diversity loss but with massive shifts in soil fungal community composition. Fungal communities clustered according to land use system and loss of plant species. Network analysis revealed characteristic fungal genera significantly associated with different land use systems. Shifts in soil fungal community structure were particularly distinct among different trophic groups, with substantial decreases in symbiotrophic fungi and increases in saprotrophic and pathotrophic fungi in oil palm and rubber plantations in comparison with rain forests. In conclusion, conversion of rain forests and current land use systems restructure soil fungal communities towards enhanced pathogen pressure and, thus, threaten ecosystem health functions.
An Agenda for Open Science in Communication Dienlin, Tobias; Johannes, Niklas; Bowman, Nicholas David ...
Journal of communication,
02/2021, Letnik:
71, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
In the last 10 years, many canonical findings in the social sciences appear unreliable. This so-called “replication crisis” has spurred calls for open science practices, which aim to ...increase the reproducibility, replicability, and generalizability of findings. Communication research is subject to many of the same challenges that have caused low replicability in other fields. As a result, we propose an agenda for adopting open science practices in Communication, which includes the following seven suggestions: (1) publish materials, data, and code; (2) preregister studies and submit registered reports; (3) conduct replications; (4) collaborate; (5) foster open science skills; (6) implement Transparency and Openness Promotion Guidelines; and (7) incentivize open science practices. Although in our agenda we focus mostly on quantitative research, we also reflect on open science practices relevant to qualitative research. We conclude by discussing potential objections and concerns associated with open science practices.
Protists, abundant but enigmatic single-celled eukaryotes, are important soil microbiota providing numerous ecosystem functions. We employed high-throughput sequencing of environmental DNA, targeting ...the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene, to characterize changes in their abundance, species richness, and community structure with conversion of lowland rainforest into rubber agroforest (jungle rubber), and rubber and oil palm plantations; typical agricultural systems in Sumatra, Indonesia. We identified 5,204 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% identity threshold of protists from 32 sites. Protists species richness was similar in rainforest, jungle rubber and oil palm plantations but significantly lower in rubber plantations. After standardization, 4,219 OTUs were assigned to five trophic groups, and inspected for effects of land-use change, and potential biotic and abiotic driving factors. The most abundant trophic group was phagotrophs (52%), followed by animal parasites (29%), photoautotrophs (12%), plant parasites (1%), and symbionts (<1%). However, the relative abundance and OTU richness of phagotrophs and photoautotrophs increased significantly with increasing land-use intensity. This was similar, but less pronounced, for the relative abundance of symbionts. Animal and plant parasites decreased significantly in abundance and species richness with increasing land-use intensity. Community compositions and factors affecting the structure of individual trophic groups differed between land-use systems. Parasites were presumably mainly driven by the abundance and species richness of their hosts, while phagotrophs by changes in soil pH and increase in Gram-positive bacteria, and photoautotrophs by light availability. Overall, the results show that relative species richness, relative abundance, and community composition of individual trophic groups of protists in tropical lowland rainforest significantly differ from that in converted ecosystems. This is likely associated with changes in ecosystem functioning. The study provides novel insight into protist communities and their changes with land-use intensity in tropical lowland ecosystems. We show, that trophic groups of protists are powerful indicators reflecting changes in the functioning of ecosystems with conversion of rainforest into monoculture plantations.
Paradigm-shifting studies in the mouse have identified tissue macrophage heterogeneity as a critical determinant of immune responses. In contrast, surprisingly little is known regarding macrophage ...heterogeneity in humans. Macrophages within the mouse heart are partitioned into CCR2- and CCR2+ subsets with divergent origins, repopulation mechanisms, and functions. Here, we demonstrate that the human myocardium also contains distinct subsets of CCR2- and CCR2+ macrophages. Analysis of sex-mismatched heart transplant recipients revealed that CCR2- macrophages are a tissue-resident population exclusively replenished through local proliferation, whereas CCR2+ macrophages are maintained through monocyte recruitment and proliferation. Moreover, CCR2- and CCR2+ macrophages have distinct functional properties, analogous to reparative CCR2- and inflammatory CCR2+ macrophages in the mouse heart. Clinically, CCR2+ macrophage abundance is associated with left ventricular remodeling and systolic function in heart failure patients. Collectively, these observations provide initial evidence for the functional importance of macrophage heterogeneity in the human heart.
Chikungunya disease, which results in incapacitating arthralgia, has been reported worldwide. We developed a live-attenuated chikungunya virus (CHIKV) vaccine candidate designed for active ...immunisation of the general population living in endemic regions, as well as serving as a prophylactic measure for travellers to endemic areas.
This single-blind, randomised, dose-escalation, phase 1 study investigated as primary outcome safety of a live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine candidate. At two professional clinical trial centres in Illinois and Alabama, USA, healthy volunteers aged 18–45 years were randomly assigned (1:1:2) to one of three escalating dose groups (low dose 3·2 × 103 per 0·1 mL; medium dose 3·2 × 104 per 1 mL; or high dose 3·2 × 105 50% tissue culture infection dose per 1 mL) and received a single-shot immunisation on day 0. Individuals in all groups were revaccinated with the highest dose on either month 6 or 12, and followed up for 28 days after revaccination. The safety analysis included all individuals who received the single vaccination; the immunogenicity analysis, which was a secondary outcome, included all individuals who completed the study without major protocol deviations (per-protocol population). The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03382964, and is complete.
The study was done between March 5, 2018, and Jul 23, 2019, with 120 adults recruited and enrolled between March 5 and June 21, 2018, and assigned to receive a low (n=31), medium (n=30), or high (n=59) dose of the vaccine. The vaccine was safe in the high-dose group and well tolerated in the low-dose and medium-dose groups. Four (7%) of 59 vaccinees in the high-dose group reported any local reaction, and 11 (36%), 12 (40%), and 40 (68%) volunteers in the low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose groups, respectively, reported any solicited systemic reaction. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. Data up to month 12 after a single immunisation of the 120 healthy volunteers showed a good immunogenicity profile with 100% seroconversion rates achieved at day 14 (103 100% of 103) and sustained for 1 year across all dose groups. Mean peak antibody titres at day 28 ranged from 592·6 to 686·9 geometric mean titres from the low-dose to high-dose groups, respectively. A single vaccination was sufficient to induce sustaining high-titre neutralising antibodies, as shown by the absence of an anamnestic response after any revaccination ranging from 94% to 100% of participants. Following revaccination, vaccinees were protected from vaccine-induced viraemia.
A novel live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine was well tolerated and highly immunogenic in an adult population and could be an effective intervention for prophylaxis of chikungunya disease worldwide.
Valneva, Vienna, Austria; Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation and EU Horizon 2020.
Estimated 50,000 minor children in Germany experience a newly diagnosed cancer in one of their parents every year. Family resilience has proven to be an important concept against life crises. ...However, little research exists regarding family resilience in the context of parental cancer with minor children. Based on the "Family Resilience Framework," the aim of the study is to investigate the processes of family resilience of affected families. In addition, we explore which combinations of promoting family resilience processes can be characterized.
As part of the mixed-method quasi-experimental interventional study "F-SCOUT," a qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the documentation of the "Family-Scouts" (a fixed contact person who advises, accompanies, and supports the families). Documentation was performed by families' study inclusion (T0), after 3 months (T1) and 9 months (T2) concerning current family situation, organization of everyday life, emotional coping, open communication within the family, and planned tasks.
The
= 73 families had between one and six children. In 58 (79%) families, the mother had cancer. In the course of the analysis, a category system with 10 main categories and 36 subcategories emerged. Family resilience processes were described to different extents. Combinations of categories promoting family resilience were characterized by the use of social resources, flexibility, economic resources, and open communication.
The findings are consistent with existing assumptions about family resilience in terms of the importance of social resources, family cohesion, mutual support, flexibility, open communication, and psychological well-being. In contrast to the findings of previous research, spirituality, and collaborative problem-solving indicate less centrality here. In turn, the findings on economic resources and information-seeking provide a valuable addition to the family resilience literature in the context of parental cancer with minor children.
ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04186923.
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