The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends adults complete 150–300 min per week of moderate physical activity or 75–150 min of vigorous physical activity or an equivalent combination of both, to ...optimize health. To explore the factors associated with adequate MVPA in stabilized outpatients with schizophrenia. 425 stabilized outpatients were recruited in the national FACE-SZ cohort between 2015 and 2018 were evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a 1-day long standardized battery. We explored in multivariate analyses the clinical and pharmacological factors associated with MVPA (model 1) and the biological factors and patient-reported outcomes (model 2). Overall, only 86 (20.2%) of the 425 participants achieved the recommended MVPA threshold. In model 1, the adequate MVPA group was associated with younger age, mood stabilizers prescription and adherence to treatment, independent of sex, positive and depressive symptoms, first-generation antipsychotics prescription, anxiolytic medication, and akathisia. In model 2, adequate MVPA was associated with better glycemic and lipidic profile and better physical and psychological well-being, self-esteem, sentimental life, and resilience independently of age, sex, and current psychotic severity. The expert centers recommend the importance of promoting promote effective MVPA programs for stabilized patients with schizophrenia. Interventions studies suggest that MVPA may be a useful strategy to maximize physical and psychological well-being and self-esteem and potentially to prevent or manage metabolic disturbances.
Coniferous trees of the genus
Pinus
(Pinaceae) are under continuous threats by numerous herbivorous insect species and pathogens attacking nearly all parts and tissues of the plants. To defend ...themselves, pine trees produce large amounts of oleoresin that is accumulated in a highly developed network of specialized resin ducts, which are distributed in the wood, bark, and needles. Such defense reactions in pines can be induced by the attack of herbivores. The banded pine weevil,
Pissodes castaneus
(De Geer, 1775) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), is an important pest of
Pinus
in Brazil, where it has been an invasive species since 2001. The female lays its eggs under the tree bark of trees and the larvae feed in the phloem of the trunk and branches, interrupting the sap circulation and eventually causing its death. In the present study, we conducted detailed GC–MS analyses of volatiles emitted by twigs of
Pinus taeda L
. We analyzed how the attack by
P. castaneus
males and females affects the volatile pattern emitted by the twigs. When comparing volatiles produced by healthy plants and by female- and male-attacked
P. taeda
, qualitative and quantitative differences were detected, as the decreased production of limonene, germacrene D and (
E
)-caryophyllene and the increase of α-pinene. Laboratory bioassays showed that plants attacked by male and female
P. castaneus
were more attractive to the insects. Understanding about what compounds may attract or repel the insects may help in the development of more effective traps, as well as preventing stress to avoid infestation.
Density management diagrams (DMD) are graphic models that describe the forest stand dynamics, and they are extremely useful to regulate tree density. This study aimed to develop a DMD for Eucalyptus ...dunnii stands located in the municipality of Rio Negrinho, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Plots of 400 m² were inventoried at the ages of 2, 3 and 4 years. The following variables were determined for the stands: the basal area per hectare, the number of trees per hectare and the geometric mean diameter. The Reineke model (1933) was fitted and its intercept value recalculated to define the maximum density line, reaching a determination coefficient of 0.5461. With the elaborated DMD of the current stand, a thinning can be simulated at 5.8 years with a cut at 7 years, taking into consideration a diametric increase of 2.41 cm. In addition, another scenario was simulated with thinning occurring at 4 and 6 years and a cut at 7.5 years. With the execution of this work, the DMD proved to be an efficient tool for the elaboration of forest management plans.
The major intention of the present study was to investigate whether an approach combining the use of niche‐based palaeodistribution modeling and phylo‐geography would support or modify hypotheses ...about the Quaternary distributional history derived from phylogeographic methods alone. Our study system comprised two closely related species of Alpine Primula. We used species distribution models based on the extant distribution of the species and last glacial maximum (LGM) climate models to predict the distribution of the two species during the LGM. Phylogeographic data were generated using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In Primula hirsuta, models of past distribution and phylogeographic data are partly congruent and support the hypothesis of widespread nunatak survival in the Central Alps. Species distribution models (SDMs) allowed us to differentiate between alpine regions that harbor potential nunatak areas and regions that have been colonized from other areas. SDMs revealed that diversity is a good indicator for nunataks, while rarity is a good indicator for peripheral relict populations that were not source for the recolonization of the inner Alps. In P. daonensis, palaeo‐distribution models and phylogeographic data are incongruent. Besides the uncertainty inherent to this type of modeling approach (e.g., relatively coarse 1‐km grain size), disagreement of models and data may partly be caused by shifts of ecological niche in both species. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that the combination of palaeo‐distribution modeling with phylogeographical approaches provides a more differentiated picture of the distributional history of species and partly supports (P. hirsuta) and partly modifies (P. daonensis and P. hirsuta) hypotheses of Quaternary distributional history. Some of the refugial area indicated by palaeodistribution models could not have been identified with phylogeographic data.
The major intention of the present study of two closely related species of Alpine Primula was to investigate whether an approach combining niche‐based palaeodistribution modeling (LGM) and phylogeography (AFLPs) would support or modify hypotheses about the Quaternary distributional history derived from phylogeographic methods alone. We demonstrate that the combination approaches provide a more differentiated picture and partly support (P. hirsuta) and partly modify (P. daonensis and P. hirsuta) hypotheses of Quaternary distributional history. Some of the refugial area indicated by palaeodistribution models could not have been identified with phylogeographic data.
Chalcohalide mixed-anion crystals have seen a rise in interest as "perovskite-inspired materials" with the goal of combining the ambient stability of metal chalcogenides with the exceptional ...optoelectronic performance of metal halides. Sn
SbS
I
is a promising candidate, having achieved a photovoltaic power conversion efficiency above 4%. However, there is uncertainty over the crystal structure and physical properties of this crystal family. Using a first-principles cluster expansion approach, we predict a disordered room-temperature structure, comprising both static and dynamic cation disorder on different crystallographic sites. These predictions are confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Disorder leads to a lowering of the bandgap from 1.8 eV at low temperature to 1.5 eV at the experimental annealing temperature of 573 K. Cation disorder tailoring the bandgap allows for targeted application or for the use in a graded solar cell, which when combined with material properties associated with defect and disorder tolerance, encourages further investigation into the group IV/V chalcohalide family for optoelectronic applications.
Kesterite-type based thin film solar cell technologies are mainly based on polycrystalline absorber layers. A promising low cost alternative technology uses Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 (CZTSSe) monograins ...(single crystals of 20–100 μm size) which are fixed in a polymer matrix to form a flexible solar cell. The Cu/Zn disorder is discussed as a possible reason for band tailing causing voltage losses limiting the efficiency of CZTSSe-based devices. The experimental determination of the order parameter Q which is a quantitative measure of Cu/Zn disorder, requires a differentiation between the isoelectronic cations Cu+ and Zn2+. An in-depth analysis of neutron diffraction data allows the determination of type and concentration of intrinsic point defects including a distinction between Cu and Zn. Neutron diffraction requires large sample volumes, thus monograins offer the unique possibility to correlate structural disorder in CZTSSe with device performance parameters. In this study we tackle the influence of grinding the monograins on stoichiometry deviations, the Cu/Zn disorder as well as intrinsic point defects and optoelectronic properties of CZTSSe monograins. Moreover, an easy methodology based on Raman scattering spectroscopy is proposed for the assessment of Cu/Zn disorder in the CZTSSe compounds.
•a significant impact on the order parameter Q in CZTSSe monograins from the “ordering” and “disordering” procedures.•The possibility to develop a fast and easy methodology to estimate the level of Cu/Zn disorder from Raman measurements.•Clear independence of the main structural, compositional and optoelectronic properties from the mechanical treatment.
The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown, but it is believed to be multifactorial. The hygiene hypothesis proposes that better hygiene conditions would lead to less infectious ...disease during childhood and favor the development of immune-mediated diseases.
To test the hygiene hypothesis in IBD by assessing the environmental risk factors associated with IBD development in different regions of Brazil with diverse socioeconomic development indices.
A multicenter case-control study was carried out with 548 Crohn's disease (CD) and 492 ulcerative colitis (UC) outpatients and 416 healthy controls, from six IBD centers within different Brazilian states at diverse socioeconomic development stages. A semi-structured questionnaire with 87 socioeconomic and environmental questions was applied. Logistic regression model was created to assess the odds ratio (OR) with
value and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Predictive variables for both diseases (CD and UC) were women odd ratios (OR) = 1.31; OR = 1.69, low monthly family income (OR = 1.78; OR = 1.57), lower number of cohabitants (OR = 1.70; OR = 1.60), absence of vaccination (OR = 3.11; OR = 2.51), previous history of bowel infections (OR = 1.78; OR = 1.49), and family history of IBD (OR = 5.26; OR = 3.33). Associated risk factors for CD were age (18-39 years) (OR = 1.73), higher educational level (OR = 2.22), absence of infectious childhood diseases (OR = 1.99). The UC predictive variables were living in an urban area (OR = 1.62), inadequate living conditions (OR = 1.48) and former smokers (OR = 3.36). Appendectomy was a risk factor for CD (OR = 1.58) with inverse association with UC (OR = 4.79). Consumption of treated and untreated water was associated with risk of CD (OR = 1.38) and UC (OR = 1.53), respectively.
This is the first examining environmental exposures as risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in Brazil. Most of the variables associated with disease risk support the role of the hygiene hypothesis in IBD development.
Parent history of severe mental illness (PHSMI) may have long-term consequences in adult offspring due to genetic and early environmental factors in preliminary studies. To compare the outcomes ...associated in subjects with PHSMI to those in patients without PHSMI. The participants with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders were recruited in the ongoing FACE-SZ cohort at a national level (10 expert centers) and evaluated with a 1-day-long standardized battery of clinician-rated scales and patient-reported outcomes. PHSMI was defined as history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorders in at least one parent and was included as explanatory variable in multivariate models. Of the 724 included patients, 78 (10.7%) subjects were classified in the PHSMI group. In multivariate analyses, PHSMI patients had a better insight into schizophrenia and the need for treatment and reported more often childhood trauma history compared to patients without PHSMI. More specifically, those with paternal history of SMI reported more severe outcomes (increased childhood physical and emotional abuses, comorbid major depression and psychiatric hospitalizations). PHSMI is associated with increased risk of childhood trauma, major depressive disorder and psychiatric hospitalization and better insight in individuals with schizophrenia. Specific public health prevention programs for parents with SMI should be developed to help protect children from pejorative psychiatric outcomes. PHSMI may also explain in part the association between better insight and increased depression in schizophrenia.
•Influence of film thickness on structural parameters in kesterite Cu2ZnSnSe4 films.•Lattice parameters of CZTSe changed depending on film thickness.•Analysis of the cation disorder and secondary ...phases in the Raman spectra.
The influence of thickness on the structural parameters, off-stoichiometry and cation disorder in kesterite Cu2ZnSnSe4 films grown by flash deposition for solar cell absorbers is investigated employing X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray and Raman spectroscopies. It is shown that the lattice parameters of Cu2ZnSnSe4 changed depending on film thickness: the 100 nm film turned out to be weakly stretched on the molybdenum-coated glass substrates, while, in the thicker films, the compressive deformation is defined. The causes of the changes in film structure are outlined. Raman spectra revealed secondary phases like Cu2SnSe3 detecting reduction of its fraction with an increment in thickness; also, the SnZn antisite defect fraction decreases. Simultaneously, the share of disordered kesterite phase associated with CuZn antisite defects rises with thickness. The obtained results can be useful for optimization of technological growth process.
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