Grenache red wines were produced following three different winemaking techniques, that is, small-scale standard experimental wines and industrial-scale wines by both double-mash fermentation and ...fermentation in Ganimede vats. Wines were analyzed for their color properties, as well as the anthocyanin, flavonol, hydroxycinnamic acid, and pyranoanthocyanin profiles following alcoholic and malolactic fermentation. The evolution of pyranoanthocyanins and their corresponding precursors in the experimental wines was monitored at 6 and 10 months of aging. Wines produced by double-mash fermentation exhibited superior color properties compared to Ganimede wines and the experimental red wines, due to better extraction of flavonols and anthocyanins as well as a lower degree of polymerization. Pyranoanthocyanin formation varied within the different classes of pigments. Vitisins A and B were formed only during alcoholic fermentation. Pinotin A (i.e., the reaction product from malvidin 3-glucoside and caffeic acid) formation took place only during the aging process, whereas formation of hydroxyphenyl-pyranoanthocyanins derived from p-coumaric and ferulic acid followed two different pathways, that is, an enzymatically assisted production during fermentation and a pure chemical formation during aging. Keywords: Pyranoanthocyanin; pinotin A; vitisin A; caffeic acid; hydroxycinnamic acids; Grenache, red wine color; aging
We use a stochastic model describing initiation and clonal growth of altered cells to analyze data from an initiation–promotion hepatocarcinogenesis experiment in female Wistar rats. Starting at 7 ...weeks of age, the animals were treated for 10 days with the initiating agent diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 10 mg/kg body wt per day). After a 10-week resting period, the animals were treated either with corn oil or with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) via biweekly sc injections of 1.4 μg/kg body wt of TCDD dissolved in corn oil. Groups of four or five animals were euthanized 3, 17, 31, 73, and 115 days after start of TCDD/corn oil treatment. The data analyzed consist of the number and sizes of GST-P-positive focal transections at various time points. By fitting the model to the data, we estimate the rates of initiation, cell division, and cell death during different time periods of the experiment.
The model estimates of cell kinetic parameters are consistent with directly made experimental observations of cell division and cell death. The model predicts that DEN-induced initiation of GST-P-positive cells is highly protracted in controls and TCDD-treated animals alike. We also find that TCDD interferes with the normal rate at which cells with (DEN-inflicted) DNA damage are converted into cells expressing the GST-P-positive phenotype, suggesting a TCDD-mediated “acceleration” of the appearance of de novo GST-P-positive initiated cells from damaged precursor cells. Furthermore, the model predicts a significant reduction in the rate of apoptosis within the first 4 to 5 weeks of TCDD treatment, and after 10 weeks of TCDD treatment, but not in between.
The field of application of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) is expanded successively by the insertion of additional components in manufactured parts. These inserts can be used as mechanical ...interfaces between CFRP and external forces, which is why it is necessary to ensure that the interface is free of defects. Especially the CFRP component is prone to defects due to process and material properties. Currently there are very limited possibilities to evaluate the quality of this type of innovative combination of components. Therefore this publication presents the optimized operation of both 3D and 2D measurement systems in series production, which are used to detect defects that appear in the production of hybrid metal components in the Resin Transfer Moulding Process. The severity of these defects is characterized in both destructive and non-destructive testing and helps to evaluate the necessity of in-line measurement systems and their allocation in the production process.
The "Great Divergence" between Alexander Hamilton and James Madison remains one of the most puzzling phenomena in the history of the Early Republic. As members of the Confederation Congress, ...delegates to the Constitutional Convention, and principal authors of The Federalist Papers, Hamilton and Madison worked together throughout the 1780s to strengthen the impotent national government. Yet by the early 1790s Madison appeared to have renounced his earlier nationalism, embraced a more limited construction of federal power, and joined with Thomas Jefferson in opposition to Hamilton and his Federalist supporters. The question of why Madison suddenly changed course has for two centuries produced a variety of answers, the overwhelming majority of which have focused almost exclusively on Madison's words and deeds. But Madison maintained to the end of his life that it was not he who had abandoned Hamilton but rather Hamilton who had abandoned him. Though few scholars have taken Madison seriously, there is evidence to suggest that from a certain point of view his contention qualifies as highly plausible. If we focus on the important issue of U.S.-British relations, and if we subject Hamilton's words and deeds to the same kind of scrutiny once reserved for Madison, we find that on matters relevant to Anglo-American affairs Madison had good reason for believing that Hamilton had abandoned him.
HyperDbg: Reinventing Hardware-Assisted Debugging Karvandi, Mohammad Sina; Gholamrezaei, MohammadHosein; Khalaj Monfared, Saleh ...
Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security,
11/2022
Conference Proceeding
Software analysis, debugging, and reverse engineering have a crucial impact in today's software industry. Efficient and stealthy debuggers are especially relevant for malware analysis. However, ...existing debugging platforms fail to address a transparent, effective, and high-performance low-level debugger due to their detectable fingerprints, complexity, and implementation restrictions.
In this paper,\footnote2For the extended version of this paper which includes additional appendices, refer to: https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.05676 . we present a new hypervisor-assisted debugger for high-performance and stealthy debugging of user and kernel applications. To accomplish this, HyperDbg relies on state-of-the-art hardware features available in today's CPUs, such as VT-x and Extended Page Table (EPT). In contrast to other widely used existing debuggers, we design HyperDbg using a custom hypervisor, making it independent of OS functionality or API. We propose hardware-based instruction-level emulation and OS-level API hooking via extended page tables to increase the stealthiness. Our results of the dynamic analysis of 10,853 malware samples show that HyperDbg 's stealthiness allows debugging on average 22% and 26% more samples thanWinDbg andx64dbg, respectively. Moreover, in contrast to existing debuggers, HyperDbg is not detected by any of the 13 tested packers and protectors. We improve the performance over other debuggers by deploying a VMX-compatible script engine, eliminating unnecessary context switches. Our experiment on three concrete debugging scenarios shows that compared toWinDbg as the only kernel debugger, HyperDbg performs step-in, conditional breaks, and syscall recording, 2.98x, 1319x, and 2018x faster, respectively. We finally show real-world applications, such as a 0-day analysis, structure reconstruction for reverse engineering, software performance analysis, and code-coverage analysis.
In this paper a new metal - CFRP (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer) hybrid concept is introduced. The new aspect of this hybrid is a thermoplastic polymer component inserted between the metal and CFRP ...structure to reduce the gap of the different stiffnesses in each structure. To characterise defects in the hybrid, both destructive and nondestructive testing (NDT) approaches are shown. Especially the interface between the metal structure and the thermoplastic polymer component as well as the interface between the thermoplastic polymer component and the CFRP structure, where is most-likely the starting point for cracks, are investigated. An additional probability of detection (POD) approach enables to connect fracture mechanics with crack values of NDT. In consequence it is possible to achieve the assessment of defect-caused damage progress, so called effects of defects.
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR) are closely related nuclear receptors involved in drug metabolism and play important roles in the mechanism of ...phenobarbital (PB)-induced rodent nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we have used a humanized CAR/PXR mouse model to examine potential species differences in receptor-dependent mechanisms underlying liver tissue molecular responses to PB. Early and late transcriptomic responses to sustained PB exposure were investigated in liver tissue from double knock-out CAR and PXR (CAR(KO)-PXR(KO)), double humanized CAR and PXR (CAR(h)-PXR(h)), and wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Wild-type and CAR(h)-PXR(h) mouse livers exhibited temporally and quantitatively similar transcriptional responses during 91 days of PB exposure including the sustained induction of the xenobiotic response gene Cyp2b10, the Wnt signaling inhibitor Wisp1, and noncoding RNA biomarkers from the Dlk1-Dio3 locus. Transient induction of DNA replication (Hells, Mcm6, and Esco2) and mitotic genes (Ccnb2, Cdc20, and Cdk1) and the proliferation-related nuclear antigen Mki67 were observed with peak expression occurring between 1 and 7 days PB exposure. All these transcriptional responses were absent in CAR(KO)-PXR(KO) mouse livers and largely reversible in wild-type and CAR(h)-PXR(h) mouse livers following 91 days of PB exposure and a subsequent 4-week recovery period. Furthermore, PB-mediated upregulation of the noncoding RNA Meg3, which has recently been associated with cellular pluripotency, exhibited a similar dose response and perivenous hepatocyte-specific localization in both wild-type and CAR(h)-PXR(h) mice. Thus, mouse livers coexpressing human CAR and PXR support both the xenobiotic metabolizing and the proliferative transcriptional responses following exposure to PB.
Der Vertrag von Lissabon verleiht der Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union Rechtsverbindlichkeit und rückt sie ins Zentrum der europäischen Werteordnung. Nach deren Präambel gründet sich die ...Union auf die unteilbaren und universellen Werte der Würde des Menschen, der Freiheit, der Gleichheit und der Solidarität. Gemäß Art. 1 der Charta ist die Würde des Menschen unantastbar. Während die Menschenwürde den axiologischen Gravitationspunkt des Grundgesetzes beschreibt und in über 60 Jahren eine verfassungsrechtliche Kerndogmatik hervorgebracht hat, die von Myriaden wissenschaftlicher Gegenentwürfe umrankt wird, fehlt auf europäischer Ebene bislang nicht nur ein umfassendes dogmatisches Konzept, sondern überhaupt ein materiell sondierter Grundkonsens. Ausgehend von Normtext und Systematik der Charta versucht der Beitrag eine normative Konkretisierung und nähert sich der Frage danach, ob und inwieweit der Vergleich der Grundrechtskataloge ein Schutzdefizit offenbart und wie ggf. mit dieser Spannungslage verfahren werden kann.
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