Recall that for a function field F over an algebraically closed field the gonality of F is defined as the minimal index of a rational subfield. For n ε IF q T we derive a lower bound for the gonality ...of the Drinfeld modular curve X 0(n). Then for Drinfeld IF q T-modules ɸ of rank 2 on a function field F we discuss explicit uniform bounds (in terms of the gonality of F) for the F-rational torsion of ɸ. We also complete the existing analogous results for elliptic curves over function fields by bounding the p-primary torsion in characteristic p.
Abstract
Background
Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a syndrome characterized by later life onset, persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in non‐demented older adults. MBI can co‐occur with ...Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and has a range of neurodegenerative etiologies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). MBI is associated with poorer cognitive and psychosocial function and an increased risk of developing dementia. Thus, we aimed to explore the structural neural correlates of MBI, specifically in the regions known to be associated with cognitive impairment (i.e., corticolimbic and frontal‐executive circuits), across multiple neurodegenerative diagnoses from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI).
Method
We assessed the association between MBI and brain structural alterations via T1‐weighted imaging in three groups with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores ³19: individuals with MCI (due to AD; n = 37), CVD (n = 129), and PD (n = 127). NPS scores were derived from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI‐Q) domains, and categorized as NPS+ (i.e., NPI score>0); and NPS‐ (NPI score = 0). We selected regions of interest from the corticolimbic and frontal‐executive circuits to measure brain structure using cortical thickness and subcortical volume. Partial correlation, corrected for age, sex, and education was used to assess the association between MBI and brain structural alterations.
Result
Overall, apathy, depression, and anxiety, which map to the decreased motivation and emotional dysregulation MBI domains, had a high prevalence across all the groups. In the brain‐MBI association analysis, apathy was associated with decreased thickness of the l‐rostral middle frontal, r‐superior temporal, and frontal pole in the PD and CVD (but not MCI) groups. Anxiety was associated with decreased volume of the right hippocampus and amygdala in the MCI group, but not CVD or PD (FDR p< 0.05). No structural correlates were found for depression.
Conclusion
Our findings provide evidence of a specific association between apathy and reduced efficiency of the frontal‐executive system in individuals with PD and CVD. In addition, the well‐established AD corticolimbic atrophy patterns (e.g., hippocampus and amygdala) seen in MCI are prominent in the presence of anxiety. Overall, the relatively distinct brain‐MBI associations across neurodegenerative disorders suggest that pathological substrates may alter MBI neural correlates.
With its specific focus on the connections between politics, travel, and travel writing, Not So Innocent Abroad offers a fresh approach to the study of travel literature. The authors make clear that ...travel and travel writing are never an "innocent" enterprise; rather, journeying always occurs within political systems, and travel writing either reflects the traveler's political stance, includes political aspects of foreign cultures, or directly or indirectly influences political decisions.In contrast to most scholarly publications that primarily focus on travel literature of former colonial nations, this volume includes a broader range of travelogues depicting cultures worldwide, spanning from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century. It thus offers with its comparative approach not only a geographically wide selection but also an historical dimension to the political aspects of travel writing. Although most travel literature generally has followed the Horatian principle to instruct and delight the armchair traveler, the authors of this volume clearly address the broader political implications of travel and travel writing within networks of "naked" politics, such as international or interior conflicts, emigration laws, or national propaganda. They also reveal how insidiously political messages are dissimulated through travel writing.
Differences in clinical outcomes between centers and countries may reflect variation in patient characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic policies, or quality of care. The purpose of this study was ...to investigate the presence and magnitude of between-center and between-country differences in outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).
The authors analyzed data from 5972 aSAH patients enrolled in randomized clinical trials of 3 different treatments from the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage International Trialists (SAHIT) repository, including data from 179 centers and 20 countries. They used random effects logistic regression adjusted for patient characteristics and timing of aneurysm treatment to estimate between-center and between-country differences in unfavorable outcome, defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 1-3 (severe disability, vegetative state, or death) or modified Rankin Scale score of 4-6 (moderately severe disability, severe disability, or death) at 3 months. Between-center and between-country differences were quantified with the median odds ratio (MOR), which can be interpreted as the ratio of odds of unfavorable outcome between a typical high-risk and a typical low-risk center or country.
The proportion of patients with unfavorable outcome was 27% (n = 1599). The authors found substantial between-center differences (MOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.16-1.52), which could not be explained by patient characteristics and timing of aneurysm treatment (adjusted MOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11-1.44). They observed no between-country differences (adjusted MOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.00-1.40).
Clinical outcomes after aSAH differ between centers. These differences could not be explained by patient characteristics or timing of aneurysm treatment. Further research is needed to confirm the presence of differences in outcome after aSAH between hospitals in more recent data and to investigate potential causes.
Focal points
□ Current legislation requires a pharmaceutical inspection in nursing and residential homes at least twice a year; however, no standardised format for the inspection reports appears to ...exist
□ The objective of this project was to assess the different types of pharmaceutical inspection reports and highlight the categories most commonly associated with recommendations for improvement
□ Seven main inspection categories common to all types of reports were identified
□ Over 60 per cent of the reports from the pharmaceutical inspections included recommendations pertaining to prescription/administration records; dual registered homes were more likely than nursing and residential homes to receive recommendations relating to the receipt of medicines, storage of medicines and medication‐elated policies and protocols
□ Assessing pharmaceutical inspection reports can contribute to an improvement of care in the nursing and residential home setting by focusing the pharmacist on areas where improvement could be beneficial
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