The concepts of stability in probability of nontrivial solutions for stochastic nonlinear systems are analyzed in terms of a control Lyapunov function which is smooth except possibly at the origin. ...We show under certain hypothesis that the neighborhood of the origin is stable in probability. An illustrating example is provided.
MSC:
60H10, 93C10, 93D05, 93D15, 93D21, 93E15.
Evaluate antinociception, anesthesia, and recovery in llamas given tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) with either morphine, xylazine, morphine and xylazine, or saline.
Randomized crossover experimental study.
...Six healthy, adult intact male llamas.
Llamas were given each of four treatments intramuscularly with a 1-week washout: TZ (2 mg kg−1) combined with either morphine (0.5 mg kg−1; M), xylazine (0.15 mg kg−1; X), morphine (0.5 mg kg−1) and xylazine (0.15mg kg−1) (MX), or saline (C). Llamas breathed room air during the experiment. Characteristics of anesthesia, recovery, and selected cardiopulmonary variables were recorded. Antinociception was assessed by clamping a claw at 5-minute intervals. Data were analyzed using a mixed-model anova and Tukey-Kramer test, and are expressed as least squares mean ± SEM. Significance was set at p < 0.05.
No llama in the control group demonstrated antinociception. Antinociception was longest with treatment MX, followed by treatments X and M, respectively. Heart rates in llamas given treatments X and MX were significantly lower than with other treatments. The respiratory rate in llamas given treatment C was greater (p < 0.05) than for all other treatments, however, the respiratory rate was not significantly different among treatments X, M and MX. The PaO2 for llamas given MX remained <60 mmHg throughout the 20 minute period of blood gas analysis. Mean arterial blood pressure in llamas in treatment MX was less than for treatments M or C.
The combination of morphine (0.5 mg kg−1) and xylazine (0.15 mg kg−1) increased the duration of antinociception compared with xylazine alone, in TZ-anesthetized llamas. Treatments X, M and MX were associated with hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg).
To evaluate effects of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) on elution properties of plaster of Paris (POP).
27 POP cylinders, 27 POP spheres, and 9 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spheres.
Pellets were ...loaded with gentamicin (50 mg/g) and divided into 7 groups of 9 beads each: PMMA spheres; POP cylinders coated with 0, 4, or 8 layers of SIS; and POP spheres coated with 0, 4, or 8 layers of SIS. Gentamicin concentration was measured 6, 12, 18, 24, 32, 40, and 48 hours and 3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after wrapping. Porosity was evaluated via scanning electron microscopy. Curvature factor of elution curves, total amount of drug released (TDR), time required to reach 50% of total release (TDR(t50)), and number of days with concentrations > or = 1 microg/mL were compared among groups.
SIS decreased the curvature factor and increased the TDR(t50) and TDR of POP spheres and cylinders. Curvature factor of the PMMA-release curve remained lower than that for any POP group, but all POP groups wrapped in SIS released more gentamicin than PMMA spheres. Gentamicin concentrations remained > or = 1 microg/mL in SIS-wrapped POP and PMMA groups throughout the study. Wrapping POP in SIS minimized the increase in porosity of pellets.
Wrapping POP with SIS slows the release and increases the amount of gentamicin leaching from spheres and cylinders. All groups wrapped in SIS maintained antimicrobial concentrations greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration of most pathogens.
In order to investigate the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), a field experiment was conducted in year of ...2013 at research farm of Islamic Azad University of Shirvan, by using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments included: vermicompost, urban waste compost, farmyard manure, each one in 3 levels and nitrogen with phosphate chemical fertilizer. The results of this study showed that,10 ton/h vermicompost, 10 ton/h urban waste compost and 50 ton/h farmyard manure produced 14.9%, 13.9% and 24% more height than chemical fertilizr. Using 10 ton/h vermicompost, 10 ton/h urban waste compost and 30 ton/h farmyard manure produced 33, 33 and 29.6% more leaf area compared with chemical fertilizer. Using 10 ton/h vermicompost and urban waste compost also showed higher leaf number per plant. Branch number in 10 ton/h vermcompost was 64% more than chemical fertilizer. applying 10 ton/h vermicompost, 10 ton/h urban waste compost and 50 ton/h farmyard manure showed 28.5%, 28% and 34.7% more dry weight than chemical fertilizer. The highest essence of plant was obtained as a result of using 14 tons per hectare vermicompost that led to a significant increase up to 37% compared with chemical fertilizer. according to results of this experiment Peppermint medical plant showed better reaction to application of, 10 ton/h vermicompost, 10 ton/h urban waste compost and 50 ton/h farmyard manure. Of course because of environmental and metrological variation more study can be further considered.
Background: CSF is a clear liquid that its mechanical properties are to a large extent similar to water properties. Regarding the lack of a numerical index for diagnosis of diseases resulting from ...increased CSF pressure such as hydrocephalus, evaluation of hydrodynamic conditions of CSF in cerebral ventricular system is of great importance. Methods: At first, the diagram of velocity in Sylvius aqueduct which was obtained through a 3D FSI analysis in ADINA was compared to the similar diagram extracted from CINE-PC-MRI of the same test subject. The next step after ensuring that the two diagrams coincide with each other, was to make sure that the problem assumptions and solution are correct. Thereafter, the Womersley number in Sylvius aqueduct of a healthy subject was calculated. Results: The amount of this number was 3.25 and indicated the pulsatility of the fluid flow. The difference between the maximum and minimum pressure exerted by CSF on the brain tissue in Sylvius aqueduct was 81.5 Pa. This pressure difference was introduced for the first time in this study as an index for assessing hydrocephalus. Finally, the CSF pressure values calculated in this study and the pressure data obtained from LP test were compared. Conclusion: This comparison showed that utilizing a proper pressure gauge for LP test makes it possible to use the LP test results, alongside with the study results, as an index to assess the CSF conditions in ventricular system for diagnosis of that group of diseases resulting from increase in CSF pressure.
This paper investigates how the optimized volume of an EMC filter is affected if the levels of standards are modified. Firstly, an algorithm for designing passive EMC filters with optimized volume ...has been developed. Then, based on this algorithm several filters have been designed. The filter's volume variations against the variations of standard level are then discussed.
Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed in seven tigers with the use of a vessel-sealing device and a three-port technique. A comparison group of seven tigers that underwent traditional ...ovariohysterectomy was assembled with the use of a medical records search. Mean operative times for laparoscopic ovariectomy were compared to standard ovariohysterectomy, and mean combined laparoscopic incision length compared to standard ovariohysterectomy incision lengths. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Mean surgical time for laparoscopic ovariectomy (82 min, range 71–126 min) was significantly shorter than standard ovariohysterectomy surgical time (129 min, range 80–165 min, P = 0.007). Mean combined laparoscopic incision length (8.07 cm, range 3.80–9.50 cm) was significantly shorter than the mean incision length for standard ovariohysterectomy (13.57 cm, range 12.00–20.00 cm, P = 0.009). There were no clinically important complications observed in either group. Laparoscopic ovariectomy has a significantly shorter surgical time and combined incision length compared to standard ovariohysterectomy in tigers, and appears to be a safe and rapid sterilization method for tigers. Equipment cost and the necessity for advanced training may limit its use in some institutions. Further prospective evaluation is warranted to determine whether it is associated with decreased morbidity, mortality, or cost.
DIET AND BRAIN TUMOR: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY Afaghi, Vahid; Afaghi, Ahmad; Seddighi, Afsoun
Current topics in nutraceuticals research,
08/2010, Letnik:
8, Številka:
2/3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Diet containing N-nitroso compound has been introduced as an environmental factor in the etiology of brain tumor with incidence of 6-8 per 100000 in USA. Previous studies have not compared the ...incidence rate of brain tumor in two regions having different dietary pattern. To address this gap, a study designed to find out the incidence of brain tumor in Qazvin city (Iran), which has different dietary pattern from western society. Using newly diagnosed brain tumor, the incidence rate of brain tumor determined during years 2007-8 and dietary pattern of region extracted from previous conducted studies. This study revealed that, although there was different dietary pattern in urban and rural area of study, but the brain tumor incidence was 4 per 100000 in both regions. Also, the dietary pattern in the region was different from western societies, but the brain tumor incidence rate was comparable with those of USA. We suggest that there might be other environmental factor affecting etiology of brain tumor too. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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