This paper investigates how the optimized volume of an EMC filter is affected if the levels of standards are modified. Firstly, an algorithm for designing passive EMC filters with optimized volume ...has been developed. Then, based on this algorithm several filters have been designed. The filter's volume variations against the variations of standard level are then discussed.
Laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed in seven tigers with the use of a vessel-sealing device and a three-port technique. A comparison group of seven tigers that underwent traditional ...ovariohysterectomy was assembled with the use of a medical records search. Mean operative times for laparoscopic ovariectomy were compared to standard ovariohysterectomy, and mean combined laparoscopic incision length compared to standard ovariohysterectomy incision lengths. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Mean surgical time for laparoscopic ovariectomy (82 min, range 71–126 min) was significantly shorter than standard ovariohysterectomy surgical time (129 min, range 80–165 min, P = 0.007). Mean combined laparoscopic incision length (8.07 cm, range 3.80–9.50 cm) was significantly shorter than the mean incision length for standard ovariohysterectomy (13.57 cm, range 12.00–20.00 cm, P = 0.009). There were no clinically important complications observed in either group. Laparoscopic ovariectomy has a significantly shorter surgical time and combined incision length compared to standard ovariohysterectomy in tigers, and appears to be a safe and rapid sterilization method for tigers. Equipment cost and the necessity for advanced training may limit its use in some institutions. Further prospective evaluation is warranted to determine whether it is associated with decreased morbidity, mortality, or cost.
DIET AND BRAIN TUMOR: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY Afaghi, Vahid; Afaghi, Ahmad; Seddighi, Afsoun
Current topics in nutraceuticals research,
08/2010, Letnik:
8, Številka:
2/3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Diet containing N-nitroso compound has been introduced as an environmental factor in the etiology of brain tumor with incidence of 6-8 per 100000 in USA. Previous studies have not compared the ...incidence rate of brain tumor in two regions having different dietary pattern. To address this gap, a study designed to find out the incidence of brain tumor in Qazvin city (Iran), which has different dietary pattern from western society. Using newly diagnosed brain tumor, the incidence rate of brain tumor determined during years 2007-8 and dietary pattern of region extracted from previous conducted studies. This study revealed that, although there was different dietary pattern in urban and rural area of study, but the brain tumor incidence was 4 per 100000 in both regions. Also, the dietary pattern in the region was different from western societies, but the brain tumor incidence rate was comparable with those of USA. We suggest that there might be other environmental factor affecting etiology of brain tumor too. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) have been carried out for a spatially fully developed turbulent channel flow with one smooth wall and one k-type rough-wall surface to study the influence of a ...square bar roughness on the behaviour of unsteady turbulent flow. The flow state under investigation is a uniform acceleration from an initially steady turbulent flow. Results are compared with simulations of flows in a smooth wall channel undergoing a similar acceleration, and with quasi-steady behaviour obtained using steady flow simulations. The turbulence in the wall region and the buffer layer of an accelerating flow with a rough wall shows strikingly different behaviour from that of corresponding flows with smooth walls. The characteristic long delays in the response of the streamwise turbulent velocity and the different behaviours of the three turbulent velocity components that are exhibited in smooth wall flows are not seen in the rough wall flow. This is attributed to different turbulent production mechanisms in the two types of flows. Important differences are also seen in the wall shear stress responses one wall is rough and when both walls are smooth.
Breast Cancer is the second most common cancer among Iranian women. This study was conducted to define the outcome of breast cancer which had been registered by Tehran Cancer Registry.
All Tehranian ...breast cancer which registered from 1998 to 2001 was selected; the repeated cases were excluded according to their common name, family name, and Father's name. A simple data collection form was used to complete the demographic and diagnostic time and survival situation of the cases by five educated technicians with using phone interviews with patients or their families. All data were entered in Access file and then exported to SPSS-11.5, for descriptive and analytic analysis, p value was significant under 0.05. Since there were some cases had not phone number or the phone numbers were not accessible; 360 cases were selected with Simple Random Sampling and their hospital files were reviewed to complete the demographic and location situations data. Kaplan- Meier regression model was used for computing the survival.
Of the 7098 records, 4416 records were interviewed by phone. This phone interviews were succeeded among 2358 cases; Tehranian and other cities were defined in 986 and 1372 records respectively. The Tehranian cases were estimated 36.9% (CI95%: 31.9%-41.8%). The mean age of patients was 51.3+/-12.5, 31.4% of them was under 40 years old, the incidence rate of breast cancer in 100,000 women was estimated 17.09 CI95% (15.67-18.50). Infiltrating duct carcinoma was the most morphology (68.4%). Right, left, and both breast involvement were seen in 48.6% CI95% (43.4%-53.8%), 46.1% CI95 %( 41.0%-51.2%), 0.3% CI95%(0.1%-0.5%) respectively. The tumor size over 2 centimeters was seen in 63.6% of cases at diagnostic time. Lymphadenopathy and metastasis were seen in 48.3% CI95% (43.1%-53.5%), and 19.7% CI95% (15.6%-23.8%) of cases. The median survival was 5.0 years CI95% (4.9 years-5.1 years).
This retrospective survival study was shown the seven years follow up from 1998 to 2005, women which were diagnosed in 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001; 55.9%, 61.4%, 60.3%, 66% were alive respectively. Interventional projects for increasing the survival rate, early detection, and effective treatment of breast cancer were recommended.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and its different scalar values such as fractional anisotropy (FA) have recently been used for evaluation of peri-tumoral white matter (WM) involvement to help define ...safer surgical excision margins.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of defining diagnostic cut-off points for differentiating four major types of peri-tumoral WM involvement using FA.
DTI was performed in 12 patients with high presumption of having brain tumors, on a 1.5 T MRI scanner. DTI data was processed by MedINRIA software. Two-hundred region of interests (ROI) were evaluated: 100 in the lesion zone and the rest in the normal WM in the contralateral hemisphere. FA value related to each ROI was measured, and the percentage of FA decrement (ΔFAs%) was calculated.
Of the 100 ROIs on the lesion side, 74 were related to high-grade lesions, 23 to low-grade ones, and three to "gliosis". There were 54 "infiltrated", 22 "displaced", 15 "disrupted", and 9 "edematous" tracts. The major type of fiber involvement, both in low-grade and high-grade tumors was "infiltrated, whereas "edematous" fibers comprised the minority. ΔFA% was more than -35 for "displaced" and "edematous" fibers, and less than -35 for the majority of "disrupted" ones, but "infiltrated" fibers had scattered distribution. Mean ΔFA% was the least for "disrupted", followed by "infiltrated", "edematous" and "displaced" parts.
Introducing definite diagnostic cut-points was not possible, due to overlap. Based on the fact that "disruption" is the most aggressive process, a sensitivity analysis was carried out for "disrupted" fibers for several presumptive cut-off points.
Pediatric head injury Tabatabaei, S M; Seddighi, A
Iranian journal of child neurology,
02/2008, Letnik:
2, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Minor trauma to the head is common in childhood and does not require any medical or surgical treatment. Nevertheless, head injury in infancy and childhood is the single most common cause of death and ...permanent disability. Measurable deficits occur even after mild to moderate head injury but are markedly greater after severe injury. They include impaired cognition, motor impairments, disruption of attention and information processing, and psychiatric disturbances. Despite the frequency of the sequelae of head injury in childhood, there is relatively little information about the structural basis of the clinical deficits. Classical literature suggests that the immature brain and its coverings, at a time when it is rapidly acquiring new information, respond differently from the adult brain when subjected to an equivalent amount of mechanical force, whether mediated by contact or inertial loading. Identification of different patterns of injury in differentage groups has resonance in clinical practice and now provides a reference point for future clinical and neuropathological studies. This work not only provides the basis for the future management of patients, but also serves to remind us of the continuing value of the autopsy and the proper examination of retained organs using modern standardized techniques.
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