Fifteen new species of Penicillium Visagie, C M; Renaud, J B; Burgess, K M N ...
Persoonia,
06/2016, Letnik:
36, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We introduce 15 new species of Penicillium isolated from a diverse range of locations, including Canada, Costa Rica, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Tanzania, USA and the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, from ...a variety of habitats, including leaf surfaces in tropical rain forests, soil
eaten by chimpanzees, infrabuccal pockets of carpenter ants, intestinal contents of caterpillars and soil. The new species are classified in sections Aspergilloides(1), Canescentia(2), Charlesia(1), Exilicaulis(3), Lanata-Divaricata(7) and Stolkia(1).
Each is characterised and described using classical morphology, LC-MS based extrolite analyses and multigene phylogenies based on ITS, BenA and CaM. Significant extrolites detected include andrastin, pulvilloric acid, penitrem A and citrinin amongst many others.
A new instrument was designed to provide a practical clinical measure for assessing children's pain intensity and pain affect. The pocket size measure includes a Coloured Analogue Scale (CAS) to ...assess intensity and a facial affective scale to assess the aversive component of pain. Both scales have numerical ratings on the back, so that the person administering it can quickly note the numbers that represent a child's pain. This study was conducted to determine the validity of the new instrument by evaluating the psychophysical properties of the intensity scale and by evaluating the discriminant validity of the intensity and affective scales. Since visual analogue scales (VAS) are valid and reliable measures for assessing children's pain, children's ability to use the new analog scale was compared with their performance on a VAS. Children's ability to rate pain affect using an affective scale, in which the 9 faces on a Facial Affective Scale (FAS) are presented in an ordered sequence from least to most distressed, was compared to their performance on the original FAS, in which the same faces were presented in a random order. Using a parallel groups design, 104 children (5-16 years; 60 female, 44 male; 51 healthy and 53 with recurrent headaches) were randomized into two groups: CAS or VAS. Children used the assigned scale to complete a calibration task, in which they rated the sizes of 7 circles varying in area (491, 804, 1385, 2923, 3848, 5675 and 7854 mm2). The psychophysical function relating perceived circle size to actual physical size was determined for the CAS and VAS. Children's CAS and VAS responses on the calibration task yielded similar mathematical relationships: psi cas = 0.035I0.87, psi vas = 0.027I0.89, where psi = perceived magnitude and I = stimulus intensity. The R2 values were 0.921 and 0.922 for the CAS and VAS groups, respectively. Analyses of covariance revealed no significant differences in the characteristics of these relationships, i.e., R2, slope, or y intercept, by scale type. Children used the same scale to complete the Children's Pain Inventory (CPI), in which they rated the intensity and affect of 16 painful events (varying in nature and extent of tissue damage). Children's CAS and VAS responses on the CPI were similar. Analyses of covariance indicated that there were no differences in either intensity or affective ratings by scale type. However, the mean number of painful events experienced by children increased significantly with age (P = 0.0001). Intensity ratings decreased significantly with age (P = 0.002), but affective ratings did not vary with age. The new instrument has equivalent psychometric properties to a 165 mm VAS. However, the CAS was rated as easier to administer and score than the VAS, so it may be more practical for routine clinical use. Since the CAS has fulfilled the first two criteria for a pain measure (psychophysical properties and discriminant validity), it is ethical to proceed with the formal definitive test for construct validity, in which children from various clinical populations use the CAS scale to assess their own pain.
During characterization of the surface antigens of serotype III group B streptococci (GBS), a protein with an apparent M
r
~ 173 500 migrating on a SDS polyacrylamide gel was found to have an ...N-terminal amino acid sequence identical to that of the plasmin receptor (Plr) of group A streptococci, a surface-localized glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). This work begins to characterize GBS GAPDH and to assess its functional activity on the cell surface. The 1.0-kb gapC gene of GBS was amplified by PCR. plr and gapC demonstrated 87% homology. An anti-Plr monoclonal antibody reacted with GBS whole cells, suggesting GBS GAPDH is surface localized. Multiple serotypes of GBS demonstrated functional GAPDH on their surfaces. The anti-Plr monoclonal antibody recognized GBS protein bands of approximately 41 and 173.5 kDa, by Western blot. Presumably, these represent monomeric and tetrameric forms of the GAPDH molecule. GBS GAPDH was demonstrated by Western blot analysis to interact with lys- and glu-plasminogens. Fluid-phase GBS GAPDH interacted, by means of ELISA, with immobilized lys-plasminogen, glu-plasminogen, actin, and fibrinogen. Enzymatically active GAPDH, capable of binding cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins, is expressed on the surface of GBS.Key words: group B streptococci, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen that may also be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. This microorganism has the ability to invade several cell lines. ...In this study, 26 different strains of P. gingivalis were tested for invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and KB cells, a human oral epidermoid cell line. Abilities to invade both cell lines by an individual strain were similar, and their invasion efficiencies could be assembled into four groups: high, moderate, low and non-invasive. Of the 26 strains, only P. gingivalis AJW4 was non-invasive. Since the fimbriae are implicated as having a key role in invasion by this species, the presence of fimbriae on strain AJW4 was investigated. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), strain AJW4 was found to contain the fimA gene. Sequence analysis revealed it to be type IV according to the typing scheme developed by Amano et al. Further, fimA is transcribed in this strain as demonstrated by reverse transcription PCR and is expressed on the cell surface as visualized by negative staining and electron microscopy. The adherence+invasion of strain AJW4 was 38.7% of the most invasive strain (strain 381). However, the CFU ml−1 of strain AJW4 recovered from within cells was 2.9% of strain 381. Even though strains AJW4 and W50 have the same type IV fimbriae, strain AJW4 is 8.9-fold more adhesive yet is internalized 170-fold less. These data indicate that the invasion efficiency of P. gingivalis is variable among the different strains, and that the expression of FimA is not sufficient for invasion.
The ultimate objective of our epidemiological research is to complete a longitudinal population-based study to document the prevalence and impact of acute, recurrent, and chronic pain in children and ...adolescents. As the first phase of our epidemiological research, we developed a comprehensive screening instrument for identifying children with acute, recurrent, and chronic pain, the Pain Experience Interview. We designed this interview to provide information about the lifetime and point prevalence of various pains, and also to provide information about the intensity, affect, duration, and frequency of children's pain. The primary objective of this study was to validate the Pain Experience Interview using the discriminant validation procedure of group differences. The secondary objectives of our study were to obtain descriptive data on children's acute, recurrent, and chronic pain experiences and to conduct exploratory analyses on age- and gender-related differences in children's pain experiences. We interviewed 187 children from five different health groups (arthritis, cancer, enuresis, recurrent headaches, and healthy) to provide distinct subsets of children with respect to their acute, recurrent, and chronic pain experience, and from four different age groups (5–7, 8–10, 11–13, and 14–16 years) to provide distinct subgroups with respect to children's developmental level. To test the interview we determined a priori several study predictions about children's pain experiences. These included four predictions about the common response patterns that we would expect to observe for all children based on our understanding of acute pain caused by trauma/disease, and six predictions about the distinct response patterns that we would expect to observe based on the known differences among children in their experiences of headache, acute treatment-related pain, recurrent pain, and chronic pain. All study predictions were confirmed, demonstrating that the Pain Experience Interview is a valid screening instrument for differentiating children with different types of pain problems. The interview can provide estimates for the lifetime and point prevalence of various pains in children, and data on the intensity, affect, duration, and frequency of their pain experiences.
Group B streptococci (GBS) are pathogens of both neonates and adults, with serotype III strains in particular being associated with invasive disease and meningitis. In this study, a novel GBS surface ...antigen, epsilon, was found to be co-expressed with the previously reported delta antigen on an identical subset of serotype III GBS. Expression of delta/epsilon on the surface of serotype III GBS was shown to distinguish the restriction digest pattern (RDP) III-3 and multilocus sequence typing (ST)-17 lineage. epsilon-Specific antibodies were reactive with a unique, high-molecular-mass, serine-rich repeat protein (Srr-2) found exclusively in RDP III-3 strains. The gene encoding Srr-2 was located within a putative accessory secretory locus that included secY2 and secA2 homologues and had a genetic organization similar to that of the secY2/A2 locus of staphylococci. In contrast, serotype III delta/epsilon-negative strains and strains representative of serotypes Ia, Ib, Ic and II shared a common Srr-encoding gene, srr-1, and an organization of the secY2/A2 locus similar to that of previously reported serotype Ic, delta/epsilon-negative serotype III and serotype V GBS strains. Representative serotype III delta/epsilon-positive strains had LD(90) values 3-4 logs less than those of serotype III delta/epsilon-negative strains in a neonatal mouse model of infection. These results indicate that the RDP III-3/ST-17 lineage expresses Srr-2 and is highly virulent in an in vivo model of neonatal sepsis.
Introduction
There has been unprecedented uncertainty involved in the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for working nurses. Nurses working while attending graduate school faced additional unique ...challenges including working extended hours while also home-schooling young children, managing a family life while also navigating pandemic-related changes affecting students’ educational paths.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of working nurses attending graduate school during the COVID-19 pandemic. The central research question was: What is the lived experience of working nurses attending graduate school during COVID-19?
Methods
The exploration of the lived experience of working nurses attending graduate school during a pandemic required a research methodology delving into the meaning of lived experience as it has been lived, temporally, and contextually (during a pandemic). Qualitative hermeneutic phenomenology was used to explore the meaning of lived experience from an interpretational stance.
Results
The overall meaning of the experience was a paradigm shift of existence across the three realms of work, home, and school. The themes associated with the shift were rapid change, uncertainty, fear, and support persons. Stress was a resulting overarching theme.
Conclusions
To support working nurses further their education during times of crisis, nurse leaders and educators should put processes in place to mitigate change and stress through strategic communication and supportive work environments.
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen that may also be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. This microorganism has the ability to invade several cell lines. In this ...study, 26 different strains of
P. gingivalis were tested for invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and KB cells, a human oral epidermoid cell line. Abilities to invade both cell lines by an individual strain were similar, and their invasion efficiencies could be assembled into four groups: high, moderate, low and non-invasive. Of the 26 strains, only
P. gingivalis AJW4 was non-invasive. Since the fimbriae are implicated as having a key role in invasion by this species, the presence of fimbriae on strain AJW4 was investigated. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), strain AJW4 was found to contain the
fimA gene. Sequence analysis revealed it to be type IV according to the typing scheme developed by Amano et al. Further,
fimA is transcribed in this strain as demonstrated by reverse transcription PCR and is expressed on the cell surface as visualized by negative staining and electron microscopy. The adherence+invasion of strain AJW4 was 38.7% of the most invasive strain (strain 381). However, the CFU ml
−1 of strain AJW4 recovered from within cells was 2.9% of strain 381. Even though strains AJW4 and W50 have the same type IV fimbriae, strain AJW4 is 8.9-fold more adhesive yet is internalized 170-fold less. These data indicate that the invasion efficiency of
P. gingivalis is variable among the different strains, and that the expression of FimA is not sufficient for invasion.
New Strategies to Assert the Value of the Perioperative Nurse Guglielmi, Charlotte L., MA, BSN, RN, CNOR; Duffy, William J., RN, MJ, CNOR, FAAN; Murphy, Ellen K., MS, JD, RN, FAAN ...
AORN journal,
March 2015, Letnik:
101, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The annual AORN Surgical Conference & Expo provides an opportunity to renew our focus on what it means to be a perioperative nurse. Although the format of this column generally brings together ...perspectives around practice issues from the members of the surgical team, the topic for this "TableTalk" aligns with the conference theme of excellence in nursing. The colleagues invited to contribute to this panel represent adiversity of roles in perioperative nursing and reflecton and articulate the value of the perioperative nurse in today's productivity-driven, stress-filled health care environment. 37 references
The taxonomic history of anamorphic species attributed to Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is reviewed, along with evidence supporting their relationship with teleomorphic species classified in ...Talaromyces. To supplement previous conclusions based on ITS, SSU and/or LSU sequencing that Talaromyces and subgenus Biverticillium comprise a monophyletic group that is distinct from Penicillium at the generic level, the phylogenetic relationships of these two groups with other genera of Trichocomaceae was further studied by sequencing a part of the RPB1 (RNA polymerase II largest subunit) gene. Talaromyces species and most species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticilliumsensu Pitt reside in a monophyletic clade distant from species of other subgenera of Penicillium. For detailed phylogenetic analysis of species relationships, the ITS region (incl. 5.8S nrDNA) was sequenced for the available type strains and/or representative isolates of Talaromyces and related biverticillate anamorphic species. Extrolite profiles were compiled for all type strains and many supplementary cultures. All evidence supports our conclusions that Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is distinct from other subgenera in Penicillium and should be taxonomically unified with the Talaromyces species that reside in the same clade. Following the concepts of nomenclatural priority and single name nomenclature, we transfer all accepted species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces. A holomorphic generic diagnosis for the expanded concept of Talaromyces, including teleomorph and anamorph characters, is provided. A list of accepted Talaromyces names and newly combined Penicillium names is given. Species of biotechnological and medical importance, such as P. funiculosum and P. marneffei, are now combined in Talaromyces. Excluded species and taxa that need further taxonomic study are discussed. An appendix lists other generic names, usually considered synonyms of Penicillium sensu lato that were considered prior to our adoption of the name Talaromyces.
Taxonomic novelties: Taxonomic novelties:New species – Talaromyces apiculatus Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, sp. nov. New combinations and names – Talaromyces aculeatus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. albobiverticillius (H.-M. Hsieh, Y.-M. Ju & S.-Y. Hsieh) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. allahabadensis (B.S. Mehrotra & D. Kumar) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. aurantiacus (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) Samson, Yilmaz, & Frisvad, T. boninensis (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz, & Frisvad, T. brunneus (Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. calidicanius (J.L. Chen) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. cecidicola (Seifert, Hoekstra & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. coalescens (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. dendriticus (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. diversus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. duclauxii (Delacr.) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. echinosporus (Nehira) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, comb. nov. T. erythromellis (A.D. Hocking) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. funiculosus (Thom) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. islandicus (Sopp) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. loliensis (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. marneffei (Segretain, Capponi & Sureau) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. minioluteus (Dierckx) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. palmae (Samson, Stolk & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. panamensis (Samson, Stolk & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. paucisporus (Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa) Samson & Houbraken T. phialosporus (Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. piceus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. pinophilus (Hedgcock) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. pittii (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. primulinus (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. proteolyticus (Kamyschko) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. pseudostromaticus (Hodges, G.M. Warner, Rogerson) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. purpurogenus (Stoll) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. rademirici (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. radicus (A.D. Hocking & Whitelaw) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. ramulosus (Visagie & K. Jacobs) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. rubicundus (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. rugulosus (Thom) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. sabulosus (Pitt & A.D. Hocking) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. siamensis (Manoch & C. Ramírez) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. sublevisporus (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. variabilis (Sopp) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. varians (G. Sm.) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. verruculosus (Peyronel) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. viridulus Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad.
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