Sharp object injuries are some of the most common injuries sustained by medical staff in health care institutions with risk of possible infections that may cause chronic disease and temporary or ...permanent work disability. The most common of all are needle stick injuries and cuts from objects used to take blood samples and those used in surgical procedures, but injuries also occur while cleaning and disposing of medical waste. An estimated million of such injuries is sustained in Europe every year. The monitoring of incidents and the implementation of preventive measures is the responsibility of hospital infections control committee whose work is guided by the recommendations provided by the Reference Centre for Hospital Infections at the Croatian Ministry of Health. The risk of blood-borne hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV infection is not to be ignored among auxiliary personnel. Active measures are to be implemented to prevent blood-borne infections at high risk workplaces.
Ubodni incidenti predstavljaju jedan od najčešćih načina ozljeđivanja djelatnika u zdravstvenim ustanovama uz koje povezujemo rizik od infekcija koje mogu uzrokovati kroničnu bolest, privremenu ili ...trajnu radnu nesposobnost. Najčešći tip ozljeda su ubodni incidenti nastali ubodom na iglu i posjekotine oštrim predmetima kod vađenja krvi, kirurških zahvata, ali i čišćenja i zbrinjavanja medicinskog otpada. Procjenjuje se da u Europi postoji milijun takvih ozljeda godišnje. Nisu samo zdravstveni djelatnici koji rade u specifičnim medicinskim situacijama prepoznati kao djelatnici pod najvećim rizikom izloženosti ubodnim incidentima. Pomoćno osoblje, kao što su čistačice i spremačice u zdravstvenim ustanovama također su izložene značajnim rizicima. Praćenje incidenata kao i provedba mjera prevencije u nadležnosti je bolničkog povjerenstva za sprečavanje i suzbijanje bolničkih infekcija koje radi sukladno preporuci Referentnog centra za bolničke infekcije Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Hrvatske. Osim vođenja dokumentacije, posebno je važno procjepljivanje protiv HBV-a i pomoćnog osoblja u zdravstvenim ustanovama koje dolazi u dodir s potencijalno infektivnim materijalom, praćenje imunosti nakon cijepljenja i provođenje kontinuirane edukacije o prevenciji ekspozicijskih incidenata i postekspozicijskoj profilaksi. Rizik stjecanja krvlju prenosivih infekcija kao što su hepatitis B, hepatitis C i HIV u radu pomoćnog osoblja nije zanemariv, stoga je potrebno aktivno poduzimati mjere za sprečavanje krvlju prenosivih infekcija na radnim mjestima najveće ugroženosti.
•Additional data on THg, TAs and Se exposure via fish in the Mediterranean region.•Smokers tend to have lower serum Se that may increase risk of toxic Hg effects.•Higher levels of THg, TAs, and Se ...were found in wild than in farmed fish species.•Except wild gilthead seabream, analysed fish had THg below the EU regulatory limit.
Fish is important staple in the human diet and also a primary source of highly toxic methylmercury exposure. This study evaluates total mercury (THg), total arsenic (TAs) and selenium (Se) levels together with potential health risks and benefits of habitual fish diet in healthy postpartum women in coastal Croatia (n = 100). Self-reported fish intake habits were recorded by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Elements were analyzed in maternal hair and blood/serum as well as in most frequently consumed fish specimens and products by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic plus docosahexaenoic n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA plus DHA), were determined in raw Adriatic fish by gas chromatography. The estimated average fish consumption frequency was 1.9 servings per week. Median THg levels above the European regulatory limit were reached only in wild Adriatic gilthead seabream. Maternal THg and TAs levels correlated positively with fish consumption (ρ = 0.262, 0.357 and 0.342, respectively) and serum Se was lower in cigarette smokers (p < 0.05). It was concluded that in women during the childbearing period 2–3 servings per week of commonly consumed fish species originated mostly from the Adriatic Sea provides the desired intake of beneficial micronutrients Se and EPA plus DHA. In sensitive subpopulations with habitual fish rich diet, species with high Hg content should be identified, such as wild Adriatic gilthead seabream recognized in this study for which is recommended that it should be consumed not more than once a week to prevent potential health risks.
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