Beyond the Romans Selsvold, Irene; Webb, Lewis
2020, 20200409, 2020-04-09, Letnik:
3
eBook
This latest volume in the TRAC Themes in Theoretical Roman Archaeology series takes up posthuman theoretical perspectives to interpret Roman material culture. These perspectives provide novel and ...compelling ways of grappling with theoretical problems in Roman archaeology producing new knowledge and questions about the complex relationships and interactions between humans and non-humans in Roman culture and society. Posthumanism constitutes a multitude of theoretical positions characterised by common critiques of anthropocentrism and human exceptionalism. In part, they react to the dominance of the linguistic turn in humanistic sciences. These positions do not exclude “the human", but instead stress the mutual relationship between matter and discourse. Moreover, they consider the agency of “non-humans", e.g., animals, material culture, landscapes, climate, and ideas, their entanglement with humans, and the situated nature of research. Posthumanism has had substantial impacts in several fields (including critical studies, archaeology, feminist studies, even politics) but have not yet emerged in any fulsome way in Classical Studies and Classical Archaeology. This is the first volume on these themes in Roman Archaeology, aimed at providing valuable perspectives into Roman myth, art and material culture, displacing and complicating notions of human exceptionalism and individualist subjectivity. Contributions consider non-human agencies, particularly animal, material, environmental, and divine agencies, critiques of binary oppositions and gender roles, and the Anthropocene. Ultimately, the papers stress that humans and non-humans are entangled and imbricated in larger systems: we are all post-human.
Introduction Lewis Webb; Irene Selsvold
Beyond the Romans,
04/2020
Book Chapter
Nothing I beheld in that city seemed to me to be what it was, but all, I believed, had been transformed into another form by a fatal murmur: the rocks I encountered were hardened humans, the birds I ...heard were feathered humans, the trees that surrounded the pomerium were leafed humans, and the liquid in the fountains had flowed from human bodies. Soon the statues and images would start to move, the walls start to talk, the cows and other animals of that species begin to utter prophecies, and from the sky itself and the splendour of the sun would
Human activities have developed into significant climatic and geological forces. The atmospheric chemist Paul Crutzen and ecologist Eugene Stoermer famously assigned the term ‘Anthropocene’ to the ...current geological period (formally known as the ‘Holocene’ epoch) due to increases in the following anthropogenic (human-caused) processes: chemical use, agriculture, animal husbandry, terraforming, deforestation, and fossil fuel burning (Crutzen and Stoermer 2000). All of these processes have greatly impacted the Earth’s climate and geology on a global scale. While being open to other period assignments for the Anthropocene, these researchers defined the onset of this period as the latter part of the eighteenth
Life and Death at Hierapolis. Norwegian excavations in a Hellenistic–Roman–Byzantine town in Asia Minor From 2007 to 2015 the University of Oslo, invited by The Italian Archaeological Mission at ...Hierapolis in Phrygia, conducted archaeological research in the North-East Necropolis at Hierapolis. The aim of the project was to document all visible tombs and sarcophagi of the necropolis and excavate selected tomb areas and tombs. The research, including osteological, DNA- and isotope-analyses, investigated the life of the inhabitants over a long period of time (ca. 100–1300 A.C.) with reference to tomb architecture, landscape perception, organization, entrepreneurship, ritual practices, genetic relations and origins, demography, health, sickness, diets, and individual movement patterns. Many of the aims are answered in the article, here shall only be mentioned two important discoveries: cremation has been documented as late as the 5th/6th centuries A.C., in periods of crisis perhaps used to signal pagan opposition to imposed Christian practices; the life conditions in the Roman/Early Byzantine period were much better than in that of the Middle Byzantine period.
Aims and objectives
This study aims to explore, describe, and synthesize the personal requirements student nurses are assessed in their clinical placement to be suitable, fit, competent, and safe for ...the nursing profession.
Background
There are different terms and concepts used when describing what nursing students are assessed by regarding personal requirements needed to be eligible to enter the nursing profession. This is regulated and enforced mainly by different standards and guidelines.
Design
An integrative review using Whittmore and Knafl's (2005) methodology.
Methods
Searches were systematically conducted in CINAHL, Education Source, ERIC, Academic Source Elite, MEDLINE and EMBASE, NORART, SveMed+, and Bibliotek.dk. The PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews was used.
Results
Eighteen studies were included in the review. The results present various factors student nurses are assessed by in clinical placements, which were categorized into three themes: attitude and personal characteristics, behavior, and basic knowledge. Assessing students is a complex and subjective endeavor, and decisions are based on a holistic assessment of several different aspects of the student's performance and behavior
Conclusions
The personal requirements to be deemed suited for det nursing profession are complex and composed of several different components. Assessments are often based more on assessors’ subjective standards and intuition than on the provided guidelines and standards. There is no universal understanding of which characteristics or qualities are considered necessary for a student to be deemed suited for the nursing profession.
Relevance to clinical practice
This study points at challenges with the assessment of nursing students today as there are no clear standards or understanding of the requirements needed.
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