Generalized Fesenko reciprocity map Ikeda, K. I.; Serbest, E.
St. Petersburg mathematical journal,
08/2009, Letnik:
20, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The paper is a natural continuation and generalization of the works of Fesenko and of the authors. Fesenko's theory is carried over to infinite APF Galois extensions L over a local field K with a ...finite residue-class field \kappa _K of q=p^f elements, satisfying \pmb {\mu }_p(K^{\mathrm {sep}})\subset K and K\subset L\subset K_{\varphi ^d}, where the residue-class degree \kappa _L:\kappa _K is equal to d. More precisely, for such extensions L/K and a fixed Lubin--Tate splitting \varphi over K, a 1-cocycle \begin {equation*} \pmb {\Phi }_{L/K}^{(\varphi )}:\mathrm {Gal}(L/K)\rightarrow K^\times /N_{L_0/K}L_0^\times \times U_{\widetilde {\mathbb X}(L/K)}^\diamond /Y_{L/L_0}, \endequation* }}} where L_0=L\cap K^{nr}, is constructed, and its functorial and ramification-theoretic properties are studied. The case of d=1 recovers the theory of Fesenko.
Fesenko reciprocity map Ikeda, K. I.; Serbest, E.
St. Petersburg mathematical journal,
06/2009, Letnik:
20, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In recent papers, Fesenko has defined the non-Abelian local reciprocity map for every totally ramified arithmetically profinite (APF) Galois extension of a given local field K, by extending the work ...of Hazewinkel and Neukirch--Iwasawa. The theory of Fesenko extends the previous non-Abelian generalizations of local class field theory given by Koch--de Shalit and by A. Gurevich. In this paper, which is research-expository in nature, we give a detailed account of Fesenko's work, including all the skipped proofs.
The peptide binding HLA Class I and II molecules in CML for both bcr,abl and abl,bcr have been defined. The frequency of these alleles have been analyzed previously yielding inconsistent results. The ...aim of this retrospective analysis was to detect the frequency of these peptide binding HLA molecules, evaluate the role of DRB4 homozygosity, the role of age of onset and the response to therapy. In this abstract we will present the frequency of HLA Class I (AB) and II(DR) specificities among 123 patients(median age:37, M/F:68/55) diagnosed at our center all Philadelphia chromosome/bcr,abl positive in comparison to a control group of 353 healthy subjects (median age:46, M/F:171/182). Control subjects were chosen among our donor population, siblings were discarded to prevent haplotype accumulation. Care was taken to include patient/donor parents of all patients excluding CML patients. Among the above mentioned peptide binding molecules B7(OR:2.13), B52(OR:3.04) and B38(OR:2.33) yielded higher and B51(OR:0.57) lower frequency in the patient group. None of the Class II peptide binding specificities yielded a significant distribution. Comparison of our results with a similar study from Turkey based on a similar number of patients and controls revealed similar(n:11) or discrete(n:11) frequencies. None of the significant results coincided in these two studies. The age distribution was 19-75(Ankara) and 17-50 (Istanbul). Although median age is the same, lack of elderly patients in the Istanbul group may be responsible from the discrepancies. The EBMT study which included 1462 patients and compared to 500000 donors had shown the protective role of both DR3 and DR4. In our study we could not detect such a significant effect: DR3(OR:0.6), DR4(OR:1.02), DR3+B8+ (OR:0.61) and DR3+B8(OR:0.88). Finally DRB4 homozygosity was more frequent among CML subjects(OR:1.7) but the difference was insignificant. When the HLA-age of onset association was evaluated A2(OR:2.1) and DR3(OR:3.3) was found to be protective.
The individual differences among the polymorphic regions of the cytokine genes involved in the pathogenesis of myeloma have been investigated by various groups. With an aim to analyze the association ...between the frequencies of the cytokines known to be important in the pathogenesis of Myeloma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and response to Thalidomide, we have isolated DNA from peripheral blood of 29 patients. Patients with a median age of 59(42-83)M/F:19/11 diagnosed and treated in our center between 2002-2004 were analyzed. All patients received Thalidomide 200-400 mg/day for a minimum duration of two months. Response was determined according to EBMT criteria. Evaluation of results was done based on interpretation and definition of phenotypes(low and high secretory patterns) according to the previously published reports. TNF-A homozygous allele could not be observed among all patients. The frequencies of both TNF-alfa 238A TNF-alfa 308A alleles was:21% but not on the same patients. IL-10 1082 GCC/ACC/ATA 16%(high), 58%(intermediate), 25%(low) respectively. IL-6 GG/GC alleles which have been linked with high secretory pattern constituted the majority of the patients(29/29). TNF-238A genotype patients gave a better response to Thalidomide (83% vs 39%) compared to the TNF-238G genotype(p=0.054). This finding was not valid for the 308 bp location. Khi square analysis revealed a significant association between younger age, TNF-238A allele and better response(p=0.014). IL-10 phenotypes were more complicated with an accumulation in the intermediate level of secretion. The analysis of TNF-alpha genotype within this group did not show any impact of A allele. When we analyzed patients who did not receive Thalidomid among a total of 59 patients there was a trend to TNF-alpha A(high) and IL-10 A(low) allele among patients younger than 55 (ASH2004). Conclusion: Cytokine gene SNP's such as TNF-alpha 238 is associated with response and earlier age of onset in myeloma. However all our patients carried the IL-6 genotype reported to be associated with high secretory pattern. Investigation of other genes in linkeage with TNF on the neighboring MHC region may be necessary for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of this association.
The individual differences among the polymorphic regions of the cytokine genes involved in the pathogenesis of myeloma have been investigated by various groups but none of these groups have analyzed ...the impact of these genotypes on age of onset. With an aim to analyze the association between the frequencies of the cytokines known to be important in the pathogenesis of Myeloma, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and the age of diagnosis, we have isolated DNA from peripheral blood of 59 patients. Patients with a median age of 56(28-83)M/F:35/24 diagnosed and treated in our center between 2002-2004 were analyzed. Interpretation and definition of phenotypes(low and high secretory patterns) were based on the previously published reports. 30 patients(50,8%) were younger than 56 (median=the cutoff:56). TNF-A homozygous alelle couldnot be observed among all patients. The frequencies of all alleles were: TNF-alfa308A, TNF-alfa238A, IL-10 1082 G 20%, 20%, 12% respectively. IL-6-GG/GC alleles which have been linked with high secretory pattern constituted the majority of the patients(58/59). When TNFalfa-A were detected based on the 238 bp reactivity the association of low phenotype with elder age was remarkable(p=0.019). This finding was not valid for the 308 bp location. IL-10 phenotypes were more complicated with an accumulation in the intermediate level of secretion. The impact of TNF was varified with the separate evaluation of this group, based on their TNF-238/308 genotype, p=0.031). Conclusion: There is a trend towards younger age of onset in Myeloma. Genetic factors for susceptibility have not been defined yet. In our prospective study we have found a predominance of low IL-10 secretory A genotype and the high secretory TNF-A genotype among patients younger than 56. To our knowledge this is the first report on such an association. Investigation of other genes in linkeage with TNF on the neighboring MHC region may be necessary for understanding myeloma pathogenesis.
Aim
This study aimed to understand nursing practice environment characteristics in Istanbul‐area hospitals in Turkey, the relationship between these characteristics, nurse burnout levels and nurses' ...intentions to leave work.
Background
A well‐known relationship exists in many countries between nursing practice environments and nurse burnout and intention to leave work. However, little is known about the relationship between practice environment characteristics and nursing outcomes in Turkey.
Methods
This cross‐sectional study was conducted among 2592 nurses in 20 Ministry of Health and 29 private hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. A demographic questionnaire, Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used for data collection.
Results
Almost half of nurses suffered from high‐level burnout related to emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment, and one‐third reported depersonalization and the intent to leave their jobs within a year. A poor nursing practice environment was the leading factor, increasing nurses' burnout levels in all subdimensions. Burnout related to emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment and poor practice environment increased intention to leave. Permanent positions decreased intention.
Discussion
There was a relationship between poor practice environments and nursing outcomes in Turkey.
Limitations
The use of a survey data collection method is a potential study limitation. Quantitative and qualitative methods could be combined to obtain more detailed objective data about nursing practice environments.
Conclusion
Poor practice environments, high‐level burnout and intention to leave work are significant problems in Istanbul, Turkey. Favourable practice environments and job security should be provided to improve nursing outcomes.
Implications for nursing policy
Policymakers and nurse managers should be aware of any negative issues regarding nursing practice environments and job security to improve nursing outcomes.
Introduction Various personal and sociocultural factors such as gender, age, socioeconomic status, and attachment style are suggested to affect coping styles of individuals (e.g. Greenberger and ...McLaughlin, 1998; Seiffge-Krenke, 2006). Aim The present study aims to investigate variables related to different coping styles (seeking external help, turning to religion, avoidance emotional-behavioral, and biochemical, active planning, acceptance and cognitive restructuring) among a group of young adults in Turkey. Method 105 undergraduate students from a private university in Istanbul participated in the study and filled out the questionnaires. The questionnaires consisted of a demographical form, Relationship Scales Questionnaire (Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994), and Coping Questionnaire (Ozbay, 1993). Results Regressional analyses revealed the following results: 1) Preoccupied attachment score and the amount of time spent for social activities were significant predictors of seeking external help. 2) In terms of turning to religion, preoccupied attachment score, number of siblings, and the amount of time spent for social activities were identified as significant predictors. 3) Fearful attachment style and loss of mother significantly predicted emotional-behavioral avoidance. 5) Regarding avoidance through using biochemical substances, current GPA and the amount of time spent for social activities were found as statistically significant predictors. Conclusion Attachment style was noted as the most important predictor of coping styles of young adults. Accordingly, the implications of these findings in terms of both social well-being and academic life were discussed together with recommendations for intervention strategies on both individual and group levels.
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