Trudnoća je najljepše razdoblje u životu žene, a svakako i u životu djetetova oca, i treba uživati u tom dragocjenom događaju. Porođaj nije samo tjelesni čin žene koja rađa, nego i duhovni doživljaj ...za oba roditelja. Cilj je ovog rada prikazati izazove s kojima se parovi suočavaju tijekom pripreme za porođaj djeteta, dokazati da partneri imaju veliku ulogu tijekom trudnoće, kao i za vrijeme samog
porođaja, te educirati parove kako ženi olakšati i uljepšati sam porođaj i veseliti se dolasku novog malog bića na svijet.
Kroz program mjera patronažne zaštite trudnica, patronažna sestra posjećuje trudnicu bar jedanput tijekom normalne trudnoće (ne prije 12. navršenog tjedna trudnoće) te više puta prema procjeni patronažne sestre i indikacijama i u dogovoru s izabranim liječnikom. U radu se naglašava važnost obuhvaćanja trudnice trudničkim tečajem, ako je moguće, u prvoj polovici trudnoće, i već tada treba detektirati situaciju i senzibilizirati trudnicu za dojenje, razbiti strahove i podržavati je tijekom trudnoće. U djelokrugu rada patronažne sestre vrlo važno mjesto zauzima aktivnost antenatalne i postpartalne skrbi majke i novorođenčeta.
Istraživanjem je dokazana opravdanost trudničkog tečaja, kao i njegova važnost za buduće roditelje. Budući da roditelji na trudničkom tečaju dobivaju korisne informacije, savjete i upute od stručnog medicinskog osoblja, mogu podijeliti svoja iskustva s drugima, a ujedno i stjecati nova prijateljstva
Cilj je ovoga rada na primjeru Odjela za psihijatriju Opće bolnice „Dr. Tomislav Bardek“ Koprivnica prikazati proces samoprocjene te ugradnje koncepta kliničkog promicanja zdravlja u svakodnevni rad ...bolnice. Metode: Koristeći Model za procjenu potreba promicanja zdravlja, pregledom 50 medicinskih zapisa pacijenata hospitaliziranih u razdoblju od 1. 11. do 30. 11. 2014. g, procijenjeni su indikatori Standarda 2. (procjena pacijenata vezano uz potrebe za promicanjem zdravlja), 3.1.1. (informiranje pacijenata o značajnim čimbenicima vezanim uz njihovo zdravstveno stanje) i 5. (kontinuitet suradnje s drugim pružateljima zdravstvene zaštite i drugim relevantnim sudionicima). Rezultati: Samoprocjenom medicinske i sestrinske dokumentacije, vezano uz zapise podataka o preventabilnim rizicima i zdravstvenom ponašanju hospitaliziranih pacijenata (pušenje, pijenje alkohola, prehrambene navike, fi zička neaktivnost, psihosocijalni odnosi), utvrđena je potreba za unaprjeđenjem - u obliku sustavnog i standardiziranog unosa informacija u cilju boljeg planiranja aktivnosti promocije zdravlja. Defi niranje potreba pacijenata i davanje informacija o njima nedovoljno se bilježi u pacijentovoj dokumentaciji. Sestrinska lista ima jasniju strukturu za upis pojedinih vrijednosti praćenih rizičnih čimbenika, ali ne objedinjuje sve rizične čimbenike na jednom mjestu. Najveći izazov je područje Standarda 5. Otpusna pisma sadrže opis stanja pacijenta i potreba u smislu promocije zdravlja, međutim nedostatno sadržavaju preporuke o dostupnim programima izvan bolnice i plan oporavka. Razlog tome je dijelom u nepostojanju izvanbolničkih programa liječenja, a dijelom u nedostatnoj suradnji bolnice i drugih ustanova, udruga i sl. Zaključak: Iako glavna odgovornost bolnice za pacijenta prestaje s otpustom, gledano iz pozicije zdravstvenog sustava - veliki broj rehospitalizacija i komplikacija može biti prevenirano ako su pacijenti bolje pripremljeni te ako su u proces uključeni drugi pružatelji medicinske i socijalne pomoći.
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•Removal of invasive plant species resulted in reactivation of dry streams.•The resulting periphyton structure reflected environmental changes.•Ciliates and testate amoebas dominated ...the new communities.•High organic matter content did not impede tufa deposition.
The formation of tufa barriers is driven by specific physicochemical and biological factors which make them very sensitive to environmental changes. The barriers provide great microhabitat complexity and are therefore inhabited by various periphytic organisms, whose metabolic activity alters the microenvironment, directly or indirectly affecting the physicochemical conditions of calcite precipitation. After the invasive plant species Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swinge was identified as one of the main factors causing current dryness of streams at the Skradinski buk barrier (Krka National Park, Croatia), the invasive species was removed, resulting in changes in the hydromorphology of the barrier and reactivating previously dry streams. The objective of this study was to determine potential differences between control and revitalized sites (reactivated streams) with regards to periphyton and the associated environmental changes over an annual cycle. Clear patterns were observed between sites reflecting the substantial changes in the landscape following invasive species removal. Revitalized sites had lower flow velocity, conductivity, pH, alkalinity and total water hardness values while exhibiting higher values of dissolved organic matter, nitrites and orthophosphates due to the presence of soil-derived organic material and intensive soil drainage. Organic matter content was generally higher at revitalized sites but did not inhibit tufa deposition. The influence of the surrounding forest soil was reflected not only in the mineralogical analysis of tufa sediment, but also in the abundance and diversity of periphyton. Revitalized site communities exhibited higher abundance and diversity and were dominated by bacterivorous and omnivorous ciliates and cercozoans due to the abundant food resources of the soil. The results presented show that ecosystem responses to hydromorphological changes generated by invasive species removal can be efficiently detected and monitored at microscale (i.e., periphyton scale) through a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach. As the first study to examine the relationship between aquatic ecosystems and sediments in the context of tufa stream revitalization, this pilot study provides data and guidelines for future management plans applicable to various tufa depositing systems facing invasive species propagation, allowing better understanding and protection of this unique and vulnerable karstic feature.
•Coupled morphological and eDNA approaches highlight ciliate bioindicator potential.•The V9 region efficiently captures the diversity of ciliates in biofilms.•Ciliates are recommended as reliable ...biomonitoring taxa for karstic river.
Ciliates are single celled eukaryotes recognized as key players in the microbial loop of aquatic ecosystems. The present study was carried out on the Krka River (Croatia), a karst freshwater ecosystem characterized by tufa barriers, biomineralization and highly diverse aquatic communities. The main aims of the study were to investigate ciliate community structure in the biofilm (i.e. periphyton) samples collected from light- and dark-exposed lithified tufa/stones. Furthermore, by establishing links between ciliate community patterns and environmental parameters, we aimed to assess the bioindicator potential of specific ciliate taxa for environmental monitoring of freshwater habitats. The periphyton sampling was performed at four representative sites of the river source, upstream, middle and downstream river sections. Ciliate community was investigated via traditional microscopy analyses and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding (Illumina sequencing of the hypervariable V9-region of the SSU rRNA gene). The molecular approach recorded a substantially higher number of ciliate taxa, most of which taxonomically belonging to genera typically occurring in tufa barriers. The results from microscopy analyses did not show any links between ciliate community structure and sampling location. However, eDNA approach indicated significant differences among the sampling locations regarding the ciliate community structure. Thereby, hydrological parameters and saprobiological classification of the sampling sites were the main structuring factors for ciliate community. The coupling of eDNA metabarcoding with the morphological approach provides a robust, in-depth analytical system in elucidating the bioindicator potential of ciliated protists.
Tufa-depositing streams provide great microhabitat complexity and are therefore inhabited by various periphytic phagotrophic organisms such as ciliates and amoeboid protists. Recent removal of ...invasive plant species
(Mill.) Swinge from the Skradinski buk tufa barrier (Krka National Park, Croatia) resulted in changes in the barrier hydromorphology including the reactivation (revitalization) of dry streams. The objective of this study was to investigate: (1) the taxonomic and functional response of periphytic ciliates and amoeboid protists to stream revitalization by comparing taxonomic (i.e., abundance, species richness and diversity) and functional (i.e., functional diversity) metrics between revitalized (N) and control sites (C) during 1 and 2-months immersion period; (2) which environmental and (3) periphyton-associated factors shape the taxonomic and functional metrics and to what extent; (4) how duration of immersion affects taxonomic and functional metrics at revitalized sites. Our results showed that taxonomic and functional metrics of ciliates and amoeboid protists responded to the prevailing conditions characteristic of revitalized tufa-depositing streams: changing hydrology (occasional high flow or drought), soil drainage, and extensive inorganic matter, i.e., tufa deposition, although their responses were somewhat different. The two assemblages also showed different responses of taxonomic and functional metrics with respect to immersion duration: while the taxonomic and functional diversity of ciliates at N sites increased with longer immersion, indicating niche diversification, those of amoeboid protists hardly changed with time. Our results suggest that a comprehensive analysis of taxonomic and functional metrics of ciliates and amoeboid protists could be a good proxy for assessing revitalization of tufa-depositing streams. However, the temporal component should always be considered when conducting such studies, as the colonization processes of ciliates and amoeboid protists are quite complex, especially in tufa-depositing streams.
Stream periphyton has implications for ecosystem processes, yet little is known about its function in response to restoration efforts. In this study, we compared the taxonomic and functional ...composition of periphytic ciliates between restored and unrestored (control) streams for two different immersion periods to identify species with indicator potential, identify ciliate functional traits that differ between the two stream types, and examine the effects of environmental parameters on species and functional trait composition. Our study showed that restored streams differed from control streams in terms of species and functional trait composition. In restored streams, better competitors,
i.e.
, omnivorous and bacterivorous free-swimming ciliates predominated, utilizing a wider range of different niches created by the greater microhabitat complexity due to retention of allochthonous organic matter particles and precipitation of calcite crystals,
i.e.
, tufa. One of these species was
Platyophrya vorax,
which was identified as a species with indicator potential for restored tufa-depositing streams. The relationship between habitat heterogeneity, ciliate functional traits, and organic matter dynamics suggests that restoration of tufa-depositing streams affects ecosystem functioning by influencing its functional components, highlighting the need to investigate such ecosystems through the prism of connected lotic and terrestrial ecosystems rather than isolated ecosystems.
Ciliates are a group of phagotrophic protists found in a wide variety of ecosystems. This study builds on recent studies of ciliates in the Krka river and investigates changes in the phylogenetic and ...functional diversity of ciliates in biofilm to predict the phylogenetic and functional structure of ciliates in other karstic rivers. Biofilm samples were collected from four representative locations: upstream (Krka spring), midstream (Marasovine), and downstream (Roški slap, Skradinski buk) of the Krka river to test for differences in phylogenetic and functional diversity of ciliates in relation to location and positioning on tufa stones (light/dark-exposed side of tufa stone). Our results showed that Krka spring had higher phylogenetic species variability, lower phylogenetic diversity, and lower functional richness than Skradinski buk, suggesting phylogenetic overdispersal at Krka spring. This could be due to environmental filtering, competitive exclusion, or a combination of these factors. As the first study of its kind in the Mediterranean, our results shed light on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of ciliates in karst ecosystems and provide a basis for future ecological and conservation efforts.
Abstract
Purpose
In aquatic ecosystems, protists play a crucial role and cover numerous ecological functions. The karstic Krka River (Croatia) is a unique hotspot for high diversity of aquatic ...organisms, especially protists. The main objective of the present study was to obtain a detailed overview of the protist community structure in the periphyton of the Krka River and to determine the differences in protist diversity along the river.
Methods
Protist diversity was detected by amplicon sequencing of the hypervariable region V9 of the 18S rRNA gene, using the universal eukaryotic primer pair.
Results
The three main groups of protists were as follows: Ciliophora, Cercozoa, and Bacillariophyta. In terms of abundance of protist OTUs, the shade plot revealed an evident difference from the upstream to downstream river section, which increased between locations from Krka spring to Skradinski buk. Diversity was explored using measures of alpha and beta diversity. Alpha diversity showed an increasing trend in the downstream direction of the river. The location effect, or clustering/grouping of samples by location, was confirmed by the PERMANOVA permutation test of beta diversity.
Conclusion
The combination of alpha and beta diversity can help provide deeper insight into the study of diversity patterns, but also point out to decline in species diversity and allow for effective ways to protect aquatic karst habitats in future management.
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