Diabetic nephropathy, primarily caused by advanced glycation end products (AGEs), is a serious complication resulting from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Reportedly, theaflavins (TFs) can improve ...diabetic nephropathy; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully clear. In this study, T2DM mice were treated with different concentrations of TFs by gavage for 10 weeks to investigate the effect of TFs on diabetic nephropathy and their potential molecular mechanism of action. Biochemical and pathological analysis showed that the TFs effectively improved blood glucose, insulin resistance, kidney function, and other symptoms in diabetic mice. The mechanism studies indicated that TFs inhibited the formation of AGEs, thereby inhibiting the activation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, our study suggested that TFs improved diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the formation of AGEs.
In order to study the galvanic corrosion sensitivity of welded joints between dissimilar metals for typical structures of type A EMU in five regional corrosion environment simulation fluids,the ER ...309L Si was selected to weld 304 stainless steel and Q345 carbon steel (two dissimilar metals).The weld samples were immersed in solutions simulating the environments of Beijing,Zhengzhou,Wuhan,Guangzhou and Wanning respectively for 120 d.The corrosion rate and corrosion potential of different positions of weld samples were analyzed by electrochemical test after corrosion.After rust removal,the microscopic morphology of the samples was observed and the galvanic effect between the weld and the base metal was analyzed.Results showed that in the simulated solutions of 5 regions,the corrosion rates of the base metal and the weld metal were in the order of Wanning >Guangzhou >Wuhan >Zhengzhou >Beijing.Q345 carbon steel and the weld formed a galvanic pair and the former served as an anode,and the action distance of galvan
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•Hierarchical N-doped porous carbon was prepared from shells of three crustaceans.•C-GSS-800-1:1 afforded the SSA (1734.64 m2/g) and total pore volume (1.48 cm3/g).•C-GSS-800-1:1 ...exposed a hierarchical structure with mesoporous proportion (82.43%).•C-GSS-800-1:1 exhibited high CO2 uptake (4.325 mmol/g) and CO2/N2 selectivity (32.32).•Pyrrole N and hierarchical pore structure improved the CO2 adsorption properties.
The improved CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity is the focus of research on the carbon-based CO2 adsorbent, while nitrogen-containing groups on the surface of adsorbent have an important effect on the CO2 adsorption. In this study, nitrogen self-doped hierarchical porous carbon was prepared from three kinds of crustacean shells, namely, hairy crab shell, crayfish shell and greasyback shrimp shell. It revealed that the pore structure of porous carbon can be regulated well with the varied activation temperature and the amount of KOH. With the favorable activation temperature of 800℃ and the mass ratio of activator to carbon (A/C) of 1:1, the obtained porous carbon with different carbon precursors exhibited relatively high specific surface area (1430.63–1734.64 m2/g), large pore volume (0.70–1.48 cm3/g) and developed pore-size distribution. Consequently, among the three kinds of hierarchical porous carbon tested, that prepared form greasyback shrimp displayed the excellent CO2 adsorption of 5.144 and 4.325 mmol/g at 1 bar, 273 K and 298 K and the highest CO2/N2 selectivity was observed of 32.32, attributed to the volume of mesopore and micropore and the type of nitrogen-containing groups. The effects of nitrogen-containing groups in porous carbon on the CO2 adsorption and CO2/N2 selectivity were analyzed, and it revealed that the CO2/N2 selectivity of porous carbon was positively correlated with pyrrolic N. In conclusion, the porous structures and nitrogen-containing groups of porous carbons both contribute to the CO2 adsorption and selectivity. The porous carbon with well recycling performance in this study presented a practical application prospect.
Theoretical and experimental study on the catalytic pyrolysis of rape straw was carried out for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons using the composite red mud (RM) and zeolite HZSM-5 catalyst as ...the combined catalysts. In the orthogonal tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was originally established that Fe2O3 and CaO acted as the active metal oxides in the red mud, which played the notable role in the production of benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) as hydrocarbon fuels. Subsequently, the physicochemical property of the Fe2O3 and CaO loaded red mud (Fe2O3-RM and CaO-RM) was investigated and their performance in the catalytic pyrolysis of rape straw combined with HZSM-5 were investigated. It was revealed that the further cracking of the primary pyrolysis gas was promoted with more active Fe2O3 involved, and the heavy component was converted into the light fraction entering HZSM-5 for deoxygenation and aromatization to produce aromatic hydrocarbons. The yield of BTX over Fe2O3-RM was boosted by 10.15 wt% compared with the original red mud catalyst, while that of BTX was further promoted to 11.37 wt% over the composite red mud catalyst with 6% CaO loading. In addition to the strong bond-breaking performance of CaO, calcium carboxylate was easily generated and then decomposed to form CaCO3 and ketones, and then BTX were produced from ketones over HZSM-5 by deoxygenation and aromatization. In this study, the high-performance red mud-based catalysts was designed and utilized in the thermochemical conversion of biomass, providing a potential way for the utilization of two solid wastes, rape straw and red mud to produce hydrocarbon fuels in a high-valued way.
•Catalytic pyrolysis of rape straw in a cascade catalystic system was studied.•The significant role of Fe2O3 and CaO in RM was revealed assisted by ANOVA.•The hydrocarbons obtained over 30Fe2O3-RM were boosted by 7.30% compared with raw RM.•Formation of ketones was promoted over CaO-RM due to the combination of CaO and acids.•The highest yield of BTX reached 11.37% over the 6CaO-RM and HZSM-5 tandem catalysts.
Infrared nano-spectroscopy based on scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) is commonly employed to probe the vibrational fingerprints of materials at the nanometer length ...scale. However, due to the elongated and axisymmetric tip shank, s-SNOM is less sensitive to the in-plane sample anisotropy in general. In this article, we report an easy-to-implement method to probe the in-plane dielectric responses of materials with the assistance of a metallic disk micro-antenna. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we investigate here the in-plane phonon responses of two prototypical samples, i.e. in (100) sapphire and x-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO
). In particular, the sapphire in-plane vibrations between 350 cm
to 800 cm
that correspond to LO phonon modes along the crystal b- and c-axis are determined with a spatial resolution of < λ/10, without needing any fitting parameters. In LiNbO
, we identify the in-plane orientation of its optical axis via the phonon modes, demonstrating that our method can be applied without prior knowledge of the crystal orientation. Our method can be elegantly adapted to retrieve the in-plane anisotropic response of a broad range of materials, i.e. subwavelength microcrystals, van-der-Waals materials, or topological insulators.
The transcription factor, early growth response 1 (EGR1), has important roles in various cell types in response to different stimuli. EGR1 is thought to be involved in differentiation of bovine ...skeletal muscle‐derived satellite cells (MDSCs); however, the precise effects of EGR1 on differentiation of MDSCs and its mechanism of action remain unknown. In the present study, a time course of EGR1 expression and the effects of EGR1 on MDSC differentiation were determined. The results demonstrated that the expression of EGR1 mRNA and protein increased significantly in differentiating MDSCs relative to that in proliferating cells. Over‐expression of the EGR1 gene in MDSCs promoted their differentiation and inhibited proliferation. Conversely, knock‐down of EGR1 inhibited differentiation of MDSCs and promoted their proliferation, indicating that EGR1 promotes MDSC differentiation. Moreover, over‐expression of EGR1 in MDSCs increased the expression of MyoG mRNA and protein, whereas its knock‐down had the opposite effect. Furthermore, ChIP‐PCR analyses demonstrated that EGR1 could bind directly to its putative binding site within the promoter region of MyoG, and determination of ERG1 subcellular localization in MDSCs demonstrated that it could relocate to the nucleus, indicating MyoG is likely an EGR1 target gene whose expression is positively regulated by this transcription factor. In conclusion, EGR1 can promote MDSC differentiation through positive regulation of MyoG gene expression.
The transcription factor, EGR1, can promote differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle‐derived satellite cells. In addition, EGR1 can relocate to the nucleus and bind directly to the MyoG gene promoter, hence positively regulating MyoG gene expression. These data prove that EGR1 promotes MDSC differentiation by regulation of MyoG gene expression.
Highly flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material with excellent shielding performance is of great significance to practical applications in next-generation flexible devices. ...However, most EMI materials suffer from insufficient flexibility and complicated preparation methods. In this study, we propose a new scheme to fabricate a magnetic Ni particle/Ag matrix composite ultrathin film on a paper surface. For a ~ 2-µm-thick film on paper, the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) was found to be 46.2 dB at 8.1 GHz after bending 200,000 times over a radius of ~ 2 mm. The sheet resistance (R□) remained lower than 2.30 Ω after bending 200,000 times. Contrary to the change in R□, the EMI SE of the film generally increased as the weight ratio of Ag–Ni increased, in accordance with the principle that EMI SE is positively related to an increase in electrical conductivity. Desirable EMI shielding ability, ultrahigh flexibility, and simple processing provide this material with excellent application prospects.
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