Taxonomies of person characteristics are well developed, whereas taxonomies of psychologically important situation characteristics are underdeveloped. A working model of situation perception implies ...the existence of taxonomizable dimensions of psychologically meaningful, important, and consequential situation characteristics tied to situation cues, goal affordances, and behavior. Such dimensions are developed and demonstrated in a multi-method set of 6 studies. First, the "Situational Eight DIAMONDS" dimensions Duty, Intellect, Adversity, Mating, pOsitivity, Negativity, Deception, and Sociality (Study 1) are established from the Riverside Situational Q-Sort (Sherman, Nave, & Funder, 2010, 2012, 2013; Wagerman & Funder, 2009). Second, their rater agreement (Study 2) and associations with situation cues and goal/trait affordances (Studies 3 and 4) are examined. Finally, the usefulness of these dimensions is demonstrated by examining their predictive power of behavior (Study 5), particularly vis-à-vis measures of personality and situations (Study 6). Together, we provide extensive and compelling evidence that the DIAMONDS taxonomy is useful for organizing major dimensions of situation characteristics. We discuss the DIAMONDS taxonomy in the context of previous taxonomic approaches and sketch future research directions.
A new method for assessing situations is employed to examine the association between situational similarity, personality, and behavioral consistency across ecologically representative contexts. On 4 ...occasions across 4 weeks, 202 undergraduate participants (105 women, 97 men) wrote descriptions of a situation they had experienced the previous day. In addition, they rated its psychological features using the recently developed Riverside Situational Q-Sort (RSQ) Version 2.0 (
Wagerman & Funder, 2009
) and their behavior using the Riverside Behavioral Q-Sort (RBQ) Version 3.0 (
Funder, Furr, & Colvin, 2000
;
Furr, Wagerman, & Funder, 2010
). Independent judges also rated the situations using the RSQ, on the basis of the participants' written descriptions. Results indicated (a) participants' ratings of their behavior were impressively consistent across the 4 situations; (b) the 4 situations experienced by a single participant tended to be described more similarly to each other than to situations experienced by different participants; (c) situational similarity, especially from the individual's own point of view, strongly predicted behavioral consistency; and (d) personality characteristics predicted behavioral consistency even after controlling for situational similarity. Relatively consistent persons described themselves as ethically consistent, conservative, calm and relaxed, and low on neuroticism. These results imply that behavioral consistency in daily life stems from multiple sources, including situation selection and the distinctive influence of personality, and further suggest that tools for situational assessment such as the RSQ can have wide utility.
Background
Urologists frequently treat patients for tobacco‐related conditions but infrequently engage in evidence‐based practices (EBPs) that screen for and treat tobacco use. Improving the use of ...EBPs will help to identify smokers, promote cessation, and improve patients' health outcomes.
Methods
A prospective type I hybrid effectiveness‐implementation study was performed to test the feasibility and effectiveness of using a multilevel implementation strategy to improve the use of tobacco EBPs. All urology providers at outpatient urology clinics within the Veterans Health Administration Greater Los Angeles and all patients presenting for a new urology consultation were included. The primary outcome was whether a patient was screened for tobacco use at the time of consultation. Secondary outcomes included a patient's willingness to quit, chosen quit strategy, and subsequent engagement in quit attempts.
Results
In total, 5706 consecutive veterans were seen for a new consultation during the 30‐month study period. Thirty‐six percent of all visits were for a tobacco‐related urologic diagnosis. The percentage of visits that included tobacco use screening increased from 18% (before implementation) to 57% in the implementation phase and to 60% during the maintenance phase. There was significant provider‐level variation in adherence to screening. Of all screened patients, 38% were willing to quit, and most patients chose a “cold turkey” method; 22% of the patients elected referral to a formal smoking cessation clinic, and 24% chose telephone counseling. Among those willing to quit, 39% and 49% made a formal quit attempt by 3 and 6 months, respectively.
Conclusions
A strategy that includes provider education and a customized clinical decision support tool can facilitate provider use of tobacco EBPs in a surgery subspecialty clinic.
Urologists frequently treat tobacco‐related conditions. The use of tobacco screening and treatment by providers in the urology clinic can be improved through the implementation of a multilevel intervention.
SUMMARY
Microseismic observations during unconventional reservoir stimulation are typically seen as a proxy for clusters of hydraulic fractures and the extent of the stimulated reservoir. Such ...straightforward interpretation is often misleading and fails to provide a physically reasonable image of the fracturing process. This paper demonstrates the application of a physics-based machine learning algorithm which enables a rapid and accurate fracture mapping from the microseismic data. Our training and validation data set relies on a history-matched geomechanical modelling workflow implemented in GEOS software for the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site 1 (HFTS-1) project. For this study we augmented the simulated fracture growth through geostatistical modelling of induced seismicity, so that the synthetic microseismic catalogue matches the main statistical properties of the field observations. We formulated the problem of mapping the actual fracture in the clutter of events to parallel common video segmentation workflows: several past video frames (microseismic density snapshots) are passed through a deep convolutional network to classify whether a given voxel is associated with a fracture or intact rock. We found that for accurate fracture mapping, the network’s input and architecture must be augmented to incorporate the fluid injection parameters (pressure, rate, concentration of proppant, and location of the perforation within the cluster). The error rate for the network reached as little as 10 per cent of the fracture area, while a conventional microseismic interpretation approach yielded ∼300 per cent. Our approach also yields must faster predictions than conventional methods (minutes instead of weeks), and could enable engineers to make rapid decisions regarding engineering parameters (pumping rate, viscosity) in real time during stimulation.
Objective
To describe a femoral stem selection process based on case features in dogs treated with total hip replacement (THR) by an expert surgeon, compare complications between implant types, and ...develop an algorithm for stem type selection.
Study Design
Retrospective study.
Animals
128 dogs, 135 THR.
Methods
Data collected included breed, age, weight, canal flare index (CFI), and implant type: cementless (BFX), cementless with a collared stem (BFX‐C), hybrid (cementless acetabular component with cemented stem), and cemented (CFX).
Results
Of the 135 THRs, 69 BFX, 47 hybrid, and 18 BFX‐C were performed. Dogs receiving hybrid (mean 5.5 years) were older than those receiving BFX (2.5 years, p < .0001) and BFX‐C implants (2.5 years, p = .0014). The mean weights of dogs with hybrid, BFX, and BFX‐C implants were 40.0, 31.0, and 35.3 kg, respectively, with dogs receiving hybrid heavier than those receiving BFX (p < .0001). Mean CFI for hybrid (1.52) was lower than for BFX (1.79, p < .0001) and BFX‐C (1.76, p = .0021). Total complication rate was 14.0% with catastrophic complications in 1.5% and no association between implant type and risk of complications (p = .36). Femur fractures occurred in 2.9% of all cases and 1.1% of cementless THR cases.
Conclusions
Dogs receiving hybrid THR were older with lower CFI than dogs receiving BFX and BFX‐C and heavier than dogs receiving BFX. There was no difference in complications between groups. Catastrophic complications and femur fractures occurred less frequently compared to recent studies of BFX THR.
Clinical Significance
Careful preoperative assessment and implant selection can reduce complications of canine THR.
Response to letter to the editor Meltzer, Lauren M.; Dyce, Jonathan; Leasure, Christopher S. ...
Veterinary surgery,
April 2022, 2022-Apr, 2022-04-00, 20220401, Letnik:
51, Številka:
3
Journal Article
► Congruence is defined as within-person correlation between personality and behavior. ► People tend to display overall and distinctive congruence in daily life situations. ► Adjustment positively ...predicts overall congruence; less for distinctive congruence. ► Situation properties predict overall congruence more so than distinctive congruence.
Congruence is the degree to which one’s personality matches one’s behavior in a particular situation. On four separate occasions over several weeks, 202 undergraduate participants described a situation they encountered the previous day and their behavior. Analyses considered overall congruence as well as distinctive congruence, adjusted for the match of personality and behavior to the normative personality and behavior profile. Overall congruence was strongly associated with better psychological adjustment; distinctive congruence was not. Similarly, situation strength and affordances for autonomy, relatedness to others, and competence were strongly linked to overall congruence, but only weakly associated with distinctive congruence. Behaving in accordance with one’s true self is only related to positive psychological outcomes when it is accordance with normative standards.
Production simulation from fractured shale reservoirs is often performed by simplifying the hydraulic fractures as rectangular planes with homogeneous aperture. This study investigates the effects of ...heterogeneous fracture aperture and proppant distribution in realistic, non-rectangular fractures on the multi-phase production from shales. The heterogeneous hydraulic fractures are generated with the GEOS multiphysics simulator under realistic 3D stress field. These fractures are embedded into the TOUGH+ multi-phase flow simulator for production simulation. The results emphasize the importance of flow barriers within the hydraulic fractures, due both to low-aperture regions caused by the stress-shadow effect and the settling of proppant. The production rate is particularly sensitive to aperture heterogeneity if the flow barriers are close to the wellbore such that a great portion of fracture volume is isolated from the well. A stage-to-stage comparison reveals that production from different stages could vary significantly because the local stress field leads to different fracture area and aperture. The use of proppant prevents fracture closure, but if the propped regions are far from the well, they do not enhance production because flow barriers between these regions and the well act as bottlenecks. The present study highlights the importance of incorporating aperture heterogeneity into production simulation, provides insights on the relationship between flow barriers, proppant concentration, and well production, and proposes a practical method to mitigate numerical difficulties when modeling heterogeneous fractures.
Orthobiologic Techniques for Surgical Augmentation Lin, Kenneth M; Frey, Christopher S; Atzmon, Ran ...
Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America,
02/2023, Letnik:
34, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
General awareness and clinical utilization of orthobiologic therapy has increased sharply in the recent years. Orthobiologics can be defined as "biological materials and substrates that promote bone, ...ligament, muscle, and tendon healing." There are 3 major strategies by which orthobiologics are thought to augment tissue repair or native biologic potential: factor-based, cell-based, and biomechanical augmentation. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the recent literature on orthobiologic techniques for surgical augmentation, with focus on several key areas including meniscus repair, osteochondral grafting, and rotator cuff repair.
PDF
