COVID‐19 and asthma, the good or the bad? Wang, Jiu‐Yao; Pawankar, Ruby; Tsai, Hui‐Ju ...
Allergy (Copenhagen),
February 2021, Letnik:
76, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by a persistent limitation in airflow. Gut microbiota is closely correlated with lung inflammation. ...However, gut microbiota has not been studied in patients with declining lung function, due to chronic lung disease progression.
Stool samples were obtained from 55 patients with COPD that were in stable condition at enrolment (stage 1) and at a 1-year follow-up (stage 2). After extracting stool DNA, we performed next generation sequencing to analyse the distribution of gut microbiota.
Patients were divided to control and declining lung function groups, based on whether the rate of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV
) had declined over time. An alpha diversity analysis of initial and follow-up stool samples showed a significant difference in the community richness of microbiota in the declining function group, but not in the control group. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was more abundant in the control group and Firmicutes was more abundant in the declining function group. The Alloprevotella genus was more abundant in the control group than in the declining function group. At 1-year follow-up, the mean proportions of Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas significantly increased in the control and declining function groups, respectively.
Some community shifts in gut microbiota were associated with lung function decline in COPD patients under regular treatment. Future studies should investigate the mechanism underlying alterations in lung function, due to changes in gut bacterial communities, in COPD.
The immune checkpoint proteins were reported to involve to host resistance to Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb). Here, we evaluated 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PDCD1, CTLA4, and HAVCR2 ...genes between participants with and without TB infection. Genomic DNA isolated from 285 patients with TB and 270 controls without TB infection were used to perform the genotyping assay. Odds ratios were used to characterize the association of 11 SNPs with TB risk. In this study, the various genotypes of the 11 SNPs did not differ significantly in frequency between the non-TB and TB groups. When patients were stratified by sex, however, men differed significantly from women in genotype frequencies at HAVCR2 rs13170556. Odds ratios indicated that rs2227982, rs13170556, rs231775, and rs231779 were sex-specifically associated with TB risk. In addition, the combinations of rs2227982/rs13170556 GA/TC in men and the A-C-C haplotype of rs231775-rs231777-rs231779 in women were significantly associated with TB risk. Our results indicate that rs2227982 in PDCD1 and rs13170556 in HAVCR2 are associated with increased TB susceptibility in men and that the CTLA4 haplotype appears protective against TB in women.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that reduces lung and respiratory function, with a high mortality rate. Severe and acute deterioration of COPD can easily ...lead to respiratory failure, resulting in personal, social, and medical burden. Recent studies have shown a high correlation between the gut microbiota and lung inflammation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and COPD severity. A total of 60 COPD patients with varying severity according to GOLD guidelines were enrolled in this study. DNA was extracted from patients' stool and 16S rRNA data analysis conducted using high-throughput sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis. The richness of the gut microbiota was not associated with COPD severity. The gut microbiome is more similar in stage 1 and 2 COPD than stage 3+4 COPD. Fusobacterium and Aerococcus were more abundant in stage 3+4 COPD. Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group and Lachnoclostridium were less abundant in stage 2-4, and Tyzzerella 4 and Dialister were less abundant in stage 1. However, the abundance of a Bacteroides was associated with blood eosinophils and lung function. This study suggests that no distinctive gut microbiota pattern is associated with the severity of COPD. The gut microbiome could affect COPD by gut inflammation shaping the host immune system.
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
) is a global public health concern. Although inflammasome and the toll-like receptor 2 (
TLR2
) genes play an ...important role in host defense against
Mtb
, the associations of polymorphisms in these genes with TB risk are incompletely understood. A total of 230 TB patients and 213 individuals without TB were enrolled in this study. A significant difference in the frequencies of different
AIM2
rs2276405 genotypes between the non-TB and TB groups was detected. When the patients were stratified by gender or age, significant differences in genotype frequencies at
NLRP3
rs34298354 in men and in non-aged (≤65-year-old) subjects and at
IFI16
rs1772408 in women were found. OR analysis showed that the TC rs34298354 genotype in
NLRP3
was associated with reduced risk of TB. In women, the AG rs1772408 genotype in
IFI16
was associated with decreased TB risk. Haplotype analysis showed that, in comparison with the most common haplotype (T-T) of rs3804099-rs3804100 in the
TLR2
gene, the C-T haplotype was associated with an increased risk for TB. Our study indicates that rs34298354 in
NLRP3
and rs1772408 in
IFI16
protect individuals from TB, and that the less common
TLR2
haplotype is associated with increased TB susceptibility.
Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in atopy Tamasauskiene, Laura; Golubickaite, Ieva; Ugenskiene, Rasa ...
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease,
December 2021, Letnik:
9, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Background
The occurrence of allergic conditions, for example allergic asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, is rising worldwide. These allergic conditions are associated with poor life quality. ...Vitamin D is proposed to be linked with increased risk and severe forms of allergic diseases.
Aims
This review article aimed to evaluate the vitamin D level role and polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) in atopy.
Methods & Materials
We analyzed publications that were focusing on levels of vitamin D and/or polymorphism analysis of vitamin D receptor gene in allergic asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis patients.
Results
We noticed that levels of vitamin D are extensively studied in atopy by many research groups, however, polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene and their link with levels of vitamin D lack comprehensive data. There is evidence that vitamin D may be associated with anti‐inflammatory effects in allergic diseases. Some of VDR polymorphisms also may play a role in pathogenesis of these diseases. However, the data from different studies are controversial.
Discussion
The results of different studies are usually inconsistent, most probably due to populational bias or differences in methodology. Even though, more evidence shows a positive impact of vitamin D on the risk and outcomes of allergic diseases, especially atopic dermatitis, and asthma.
Conclusions
There is controversial data about the level of vitamin D and its role in atopy; however, more evidence shows a positive impact on the risk and outcomes of allergic diseases.
Some evidence suggests that vitamin D is linked with increased risk and more severe forms of allergic diseases. Therefore, this review article aimed to evaluate the role of vitamin D level and vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms in atopy. We found that vitamin D levels in atopy are extensively studied by many research groups, however, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and their link with vitamin D levels lack comprehensive data. Even though, more evidence shows a positive impact on the risk and outcomes of allergic diseases, especially atopic dermatitis and asthma.
The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease (NTM-LD) is increasing in patients without human immunodeficiency virus. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is one of the most common ...pathogenic species. The presence of MAC has a clinical relevance of around 35~42%, indicating the possibility of host susceptibility. Previous studies have shown that interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-1-receptor knock-out mice are susceptible to mycobacterial infections; however, the role of inflammasome-driven interleukin (IL)-1β has not been studied in MAC-LD. We enrolled patients with MAC-LD and healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages were stimulated by MAC bacilli. The responses of interleukin(IL)-1β and the expression of inflammasome and toll-like receptors (TLRs) were measured. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also examined for NLRP3 and TLR2 genes. In the patients with MAC-LD, the IL-1β responses decreased in PBMCs, monocytes, and macrophages assayed by MAC bacilli in comparison to the healthy controls. In addition, the level of caspase-1 after stimulation was lower in the MAC-LD group, although the mRNA level of IL-1β was not significantly lower. In surveying the activation of IL-1β, the MAC-LD group had an attenuated mRNA level of NLRP3 but similar levels of AIM2 and ASC compared with the controls. The SNPs rs3806268 and rs34298354 in NLRP3 for females and rs3804100 in TLR2 for males were associated with MAC-LD. In conclusion, our patients with MAC-LD had attenuated IL-1β production, which may have been due to lower activation of the NLRP3-caspase-1 axis. Two SNPs of NLRP3 and one of TLR2 were correlated with MAC-LD, possibly indicating host susceptibility.
Potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 12 (KCTD12), the auxiliary GABA
receptor subunit, is identified as a susceptibility gene for bipolar I (BPI) disorder in the Han Chinese ...population. Moreover, the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17026688 in glutamate decarboxylase-like protein 1 (GADL1) is shown to be associated with lithium response in Han Chinese BPI patients. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the relationship among lithium, GADL1, and KCTD12. In circulating CD11b
macrophage cells, BPI patients showed a significantly higher percentage of KCTD12 expression than healthy controls. Among BPI patients, carriers of the 'T' allele (i.e., CT or TT) at site rs17026688 were found to secrete lower amounts of GADL1 but higher amounts of GABA b receptor 2 (GABBR2) in the plasma. In human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, lithium treatment increased the percentage of KCTD12 expression. Through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), lithium induced cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-mediated KCTD12 promoter activation. On the other hand, GADL1 overexpression enhanced GSK-3 activation and inhibited KCTD12 expression. We found that lithium induced, whereas GADL1 inhibited, KCTD12 expression. These findings suggested that KCTD12 may be an important gene with respect to neuron excitability and lithium response in BPI patients. Therefore, targeting GSK-3 activity and/or KCTD12 expression may constitute a possible therapeutic strategy for treating patients with BPI disorder.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disorder characterized by the progressive obstruction of airflow and is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the world. ...The pathogenesis of COPD is thought to involve bacterial infections and inflammations. Owing to advancement in sequencing technology, evidence is emerging that supports an association between the lung microbiome and COPD. However, few studies have looked into the expression profile of the bacterial communities in the COPD lungs. In this study, we analyzed the sputum microbiome of four moderate and four severe COPD male patients both at the DNA and RNA level, using next generation sequencing technology. We found that bacterial composition determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing may not directly translate to the set of actively expressing bacteria as defined by transcriptome sequencing. The two sequencing data agreed on Prevotella, Rothia, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Veillonella, Fusobacterium and Streptococcus being among the most differentially abundant genera between the moderate and severe COPD samples, supporting their association with COPD severity. However, the two sequencing analyses disagreed on the relative abundance of these bacteria in the two COPD groups, implicating the importance of studying the actively expressing bacteria for enriching our understanding of COPD. Though we have described the metatranscriptome profiles of the lung microbiome in moderate and severe COPD, further investigations are required to determine the functional basis underlying the relationship between the microbial species in the lungs and pathogenesis of COPD.
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