Rationale: Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by spores of Gram-positive Bacillus anthracis, commonly affects mammals and in rare cases birds. Human infection occurs accidentally through direct or ...indirect exposure to animal or their products.
Patient concerns: A 63-year-old man was referred to our hospital with flu-like symptoms and severe swelling and redness on the face, the roof of the mouth, and nostrils. He had a history of direct contact with a slaughtered mutton two days ago. He declared controlled diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and heart failure. Lungs were normal in lung high resolution CT, but multiple lymphadenopathies were seen in the mediastinum. Bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy with a maximum sad of 23 mm and pleural effusion on the right side was observed. CT scan of the nose and sinuses showed an increased density of polyps in the left maxillary sinus. Slides were prepared from the patient's lesions and examined under a light microscope. Bacillus shape with Streptococcus bacteria was seen.
Diagnosis: Anthrax co-infection with herpes systemic virus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Interventions: Multidrug therapy started with appropriate antibiotics.
Outcomes: The symptoms of the patient gradually disappeared. The patient was discharged without any complications.
Lessons: Cutaneous anthrax in endemic areas in patients with skin presentations and a history of contact with infected animals or products should be considered a differential diagnosis. This is more important in mixed infections where the main cause of the problem may be hidden.
Outbreaks of infectious diseases are the major concern after flooding. Flood makes people displacement which would be more complicated with inadequate sanitation. Settling in crowded shelters in ...absence of clean water and inaccessibility to health care services makes people more vulnerable to get infection. This review aimed to discuss about potential undesirable outcomes of flooding occurred in 2019 in Iran.
A comprehensive search was carried out in databases including PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Iran medex, Magiran and SID (Scientific information database) from 2000 to 2019. All original descriptive articles on flood were concerned. Related articles on flood disturbance were considered. Also, publication of red cross society was considered as only reliable reference in evaluation of consequences of flood occurred in 2019 in Iran.
Flooding in Iran, was started in March 2019 and lasted to April 2019. Flood affected 31 provinces and 140 rivers burst their banks, and southwestern Iran being hit most severely. According the reports of international federation of red cross society, 3800 cities and villages were affected by the floods with 65,000 destroyed houses and 114,000 houses partially damaged. Also 70 hospitals or health care centers with 1200 schools were damaged along with many infrastructures including 159 main roads and 700 bridges.
Considering 365,000 displaced persons and estimation of mentioned damages, it was one of the greatest natural disaster during the last 20 years. Various risk factors in favor of infectious diseases such as overcrowding, disruption of sewage disposal, poor standards of hygiene, poor nutrition, negligible sanitation and human contact among refugees provide suitable conditions for increased incidence of infectious diseases after flooding and also cause epidemics.
More attention is needed to provide hygienic situation for people after natural disasters including flood.
In this paper, we will compute the chromatic number of
D
9
,
D
15
, and we will present an algorithm to compute the chromatic number of any Latin square of
D
n
(for all
n
) order.
Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. The disease is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of ...arthropods and annelids. The life cycle of
Linguatula
spp. is provided as an example of pentastomid biology. The adult forms of
Linguatula
spp. are found in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of dogs and other canids, domestic animals, and humans. Infestation may occur in the viscera, where immature forms develop in the liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, or in the nasopharyngeal area. This review includes previous studies on the genus
Linguatula
in Iran and other countries from 1940 to 2019. Considering a few reports of human infestation, a comprehensive search was performed on both English and Persian databases for publications reporting human cases all around the world. Finally, 30 papers of 62 human cases were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 25.8 years (varied from 8 to 79 years). Altogether, 41 (66.1%) and 21 (33.9%) of the patients were female and male respectively. The maximum cases (
n
= 25) were from Sudan. Nasopharynx was the most frequently involved organ in human cases. Our findings offer that physicians should consider the
Linguatula
infection in patients with complaints like unexpected dysphagia, with coughing, sneezing, and vomiting, after consuming raw/undercooked contaminated ruminant’s viscera.
Toxoplasmosis is caused by an intracellular obligatory parasite,
, and it has global distribution. The purposes of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to evaluate the seroprevalence of ...toxoplasmosis in Iranian pregnant women, and girls and women of childbearing age, and identify potentially preventable risk factors.
Between November 2014 and February 2017, nine electronic databases that reported data on the
seroprevalence in Iranian women were searched. Our search resulted in 83 reports published from 1994 to 2017.
The results showed that the pooled estimation for the prevalence of
using a random-effect model was 43% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 38-48%) in pregnant women and 33% (95% CI = 23-43%) in girls and the childbearing age groups. There was a significant association between the
seroprevalence with age and the gestational age of conception in pregnant women and those who had contact with cats in both groups.
This is the first comprehensive systematic review of
infection seroprevalence in Iranian women, which showed a high prevalence of
infection. Around 57% of pregnant women and 67% of girls and the childbearing age groups were seronegative and thus were susceptible to infection and should be monitored.
Brucellosis caused by species of Brucella is among the most prevalent zoonotic diseases that can involve any organ. Here we present a case of deep vein thrombosis due to brucellosis. We described a ...62 old male farmer with a history of brucellosis and deep vein thrombosis on his right leg.
Deep vein thrombosis should be considered in any patient with a history of brucellosis. It is an important point in brucellosis endemic regions.
Previously, we have described a series of azole antifungals namely 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)flavanones (TFs) containing an N-(phenethyl)azole framework required for sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) ...inhibitory activity. Similar mechanism of action of azoles in fungi and protozoan parasites prompted us to investigate the potential effects of TFs against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania major (L. major), as well as their toxicity against macrophages, apoptosis induction and in silico interactions with the target enzyme. All compounds showed more potent anti-parasitic activity against L. major in comparison with reference azole drug fluconazole and standard antileishmanial agent glucantime. Among the tested compounds, the 4-chloro derivative (TF-2) was found to be the most potent one, being about 13 times more potent than fluconazole against promastigotes. TF-2 decreased both mean infection rate of macrophages (MIR) and mean number of amastigotes per macrophages (MNAPM), significantly more than fluconazole (P < .001). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assay against J774.A.1 macrophages revealed that this compound displays high selectivity against amastigotes over macrophages (SI = 30.21). The in silico study showed that TF-2 can properly accommodated in the active site of parasitic CYP51 and coordinated to the heme. The SAR analysis showed that the introduction of 4-chloro on 2-phenyl moiety results in the best profile of activity and selectivity. Accordingly, the compound TF-2 prototype can be considered as promising candidate for development of new antileishmanial agents.
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It is important to consider hydatidosis as a differential diagnosis in all suspected cysts in endemic regions. The wide range of hydatidosis presentations makes it difficult to differentiate from ...similar symptoms.
It is important to consider hydatidosis as a differential diagnosis in all suspected cysts in endemic regions. The wide range of hydatidosis presentations makes it difficult to differentiate from similar symptoms.
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is one of the main causes of vaginitis, prostatitis, and cervicitis all over the world. Little information is available regarding the burden of T. vaginalis ...infection in Iranian women. This systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis among general population of Iranian women. Data were systematically collected from 1992 to 2012 in Iran on such electronic databases as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Irandoc, Iran medex, Scientific Information Database (SID), Global Health, and LILACS. Additionally, abstracts of national scientific congresses and dissertations were included. A total of 30 articles attempted to examine 70,373 individuals and reported the prevalence of trichomoniasis from different regions of Iran. The overall prevalence rate of trichomoniasis in Iran was estimated to be 8 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.07 to 0.09) with the maximum 38.8 % (95 % CI = 0.036 to 0.042) and the minimum 0.009 % (95 % CI = 0.008 to 0.010), respectively. Also, it was found that the prevalence in Central provinces is higher than other ones. In all studies, the average of age was 24.5 with the maximum and the minimum of 45 and 22.5 years old, respectively. The present review revealed that infection rate is relatively high among Iranian women, and risk factors such as hygienic situation, behavior and local culture, poor socioeconomic condition, feeble moral considerations, and increase in marriage age must be considered in the management of controlling programs.
Babesiosis is a protozoal disease caused by
Babesia
spp. in mammals and humans worldwide. It is one of the most important tick-borne diseases, which affects livestock productions, reproductions, and ...accordingly failing economy. In this, systematic review and meta-analysis, study, the prevalence of babesiosis among domestic herbivores in Iran, between 1998 and 2015, was methodically reviewed. Nine databases including five English and four Persian databases were explored. A total of 49 articles, as regards the examination of 13,547 sheep, 1920 goats, 7167 cattle, and 940 horses, corresponding to prevalence of babesiosis from different regions of Iran were gathered for our qualifying criteria. The overall prevalence of babesiosis was expected to be 14% (95% CI 12%, 16%) in domestic herbivores. Our results showed the highest prevalence in Khorasan Razavi (18.6%) and West Azarbaijan (15.2%) and the lowest in Mazandaran (8.8%) and Isfahan provinces (9.6%), respectively. The high prevalence of
Babesia
infection in herbivores (mostly sheep and goats) confirms the established enzootic situation of babesiosis in Iran, particularly in western and northeastern regions of the country. Our data offered important and updated information on the epidemiology of babesiosis, for the first time, in domestic herbivores in Iran, and will likely be contributing to the expansion of the screening and control strategies to reduce health and economic impacts among farm animals.
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