This article reads the theory of law of the Frankfurter jurist Rudolf Wiethölter as an ambitious attempt to realize through law the indispensable radical democratization of post‐Second World War ...German society. The occasion was provided by the resurgence of critical theory and the subsequent and related emergence and affirmation of the student protest movement of 1968 at the Goethe University Frankfurt. Following the thread of the conflict/dialogue at the university with fellow philosopher Jürgen Habermas, the article brings into focus some stages in the evolution of Wiethölter's critical theory of law and of ‘true jurists’.
This article reads the theory of law of the Frankfurter jurist Rudolf Wiethölter as an ambitious attempt to realize through law the indispensable radical democratization of post‐Second World War ...German society. The occasion was provided by the resurgence of critical theory and the subsequent and related emergence and affirmation of the student protest movement of 1968 at the Goethe University Frankfurt. Following the thread of the conflict/dialogue at the university with fellow philosopher Jürgen Habermas, the article brings into focus some stages in the evolution of Wiethölter's critical theory of law and of ‘true jurists’.
The contribution is meant to reconstruct the crucial passage from the ‘liberal’ conception of self defence (e.g.: Carrara) to that of the Positive School (for all: Fioretti), which was further ...articulated by Fascist criminal legal doctrine (Manzini, the Rocco brothers) and imposed with the Italian penal code of 1930. The former conception, in the wake of Beccaria and his thematisation of crime as a political and social problem, does not fundamentally allow the deadly self-defence in the protection of property. For the latter, the ‘subjects’ have a ‘right’ to defend their property, and with it society, even by deadly force. The contribution highlights the partially dissonant voice of the Court of Cassation, which in one opinion reminded the Fascist state the intrinsic weakness of such a conception
Rezensierte Werke:Dieter Baldauf, Die Folter. Eine deutsche Rechtsgeschichte, Köln, Weimar, Wien: Böhlau 2004, 235 S., ISBN 3-412-14604-8; Jörg Zirfas, Rituale der Grausamkeit. Performative Praktiken ...der Folter, in: Christoph Wulf und ders. (Hg.), Die Kultur des Rituals. Inszenierungen. Praktiken. Symbole, München: Wilhelm Fink 2004, ISBN 3-7705-4017-4; Horst Herrmann, Die Folter. Eine Enzyklopädie des Grauens, Frankfurt a.M.: Eichborn 2004, 383 S., ISBN 3-8218-3951-1; Sven Kramer, Die Folter in der Literatur. Ihre Darstellung in der deutschsprachigen Erzählprosa von 1740 bis »nach Auschwitz«, München: Wilhelm Fink 2004, 527 S., ISBN 3-7705-3895-1
An increased spot urine Na/K ratio (UNa/K) has been found to be related to urinary stone disease in adults with a history of nephrolithiasis and in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (HC). ...However, the respective role played by Na and K excretion in the rise of the UNa/K in growing individuals is not well clarified.
The urinary excretion of Na and K was evaluated in fasting morning and 24-hour urine samples of 37 consecutive children with HC and of 21 previously HC children who were normocalciuric at the time of the study (ExHC). None of them had received any dietary or specific drug prescription.
In the HC and in the ExHC group, respectively, the Na excretion was 4 +/- (SD) 2.4 and 2.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/kg/day (p = 0.009); the K excretion was 1.1 +/- 0.4 and 1.2 +/- 0.7 mmol/kg/day (p = 0.86); the fasting UNa/K was 3 +/- 1.6 and 2.1 +/- 1 mmol/mmol (p = 0.044), and the 24-hour UNa/K was 4.2 +/- 3.9 and 2.8 +/- 1.5 mmol/ mmol (p = 0.045). The 24-hour UNa/K was significantly higher than the fasting UNa/K in both HC (p = 0.002) and ExHC (p = 0.002) subjects. The 24-hour UNa/K significantly increased with age in both HC (p = 0.02) and ExHC (p = 0.015) children. The K excretion significantly decreased with age in HC (p = 0.0001) and ExHC (p = 0.005) subjects, as well as with body weight gain in HC (p = 0.005) and ExHC (p = 0.0001) children and with increasing body height in HC (p = 0.006) and ExHC (p = 0.001) subjects. In neither group was the K excretion significantly related to body mass index Z score nor to height Z score. No significant relation resulted between Na excretion and age, body weight and height, and body mass index Z score and height Z score.
HC children have a higher Na excretion as well as a higher fasting and 24-hour UNa/K than ExHC children, but no different K excretion. Meals are accompanied by a significant rise in UNa/K. The rise in UNa/K with age is mostly due to a decrease in K excretion which possibly depends on childhood body growth.
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