A model describing the size and arrangement of mineral particles in bone tissues is used to analyse the results of a scanning small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) experiment on a pathological bone ...biopsy. The overall description assumes that the nanometre‐sized mineral platelets are arranged in a parallel fashion with possible fluctuations in their relative position, orientation and thickness. This method is tested on a thin sample section obtained from the biopsy of an osteoporotic patient treated with a high cumulative dose of NaF. The mineralization pattern of fluorotic bone is known to exhibit significant differences as compared to healthy bone in terms of density, particle size and organization. This is the first attempt to provide quantitative indicators of the degree of regularity in the packing of the mineral platelets in human pathological bone. Using scanning SAXS with a synchrotron microbeam of 15 µm allows discrimination between pathological and healthy bone at the tissue level. Additionally, the benefits of this method are discussed with respect to the accuracy of particle size determination using SAXS.
Individuals decide to use healthcare when the expected benefits outweigh the perceived costs. One of these cost factors in this decision can be stigma. So far, it has not been researched how former ...soldiers of the German Armed Forces with a service-induced mental illness perceive stigma and how it influences their healthcare use. As stigma is shaped by the socio-cultural context, the setting of the potential healthcare use must be considered. Narrative interviews were conducted with 33 former soldiers with mental health problems. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, in which codes were formed and emerging themes were systemized. The relationship between stigma and healthcare use was analyzed. Occupational discrimination and social exclusion were experienced in both in the military and civilian context, but stigma functioned differently in each context. In the military context, former soldiers' self-stigma of mentally ill individuals being weak was in stark contrast to their internalized military standards. This contrast let them avoid disclosure and subsequent healthcare use. In civilian context, the participants perceived 2 different stigma costs: mental illness stigma and former soldier stigma (i.e., stigmatization because of their military past). Both were perceived as barriers to healthcare use. A model, illustrating these different stigma costs in the different contexts, was developed. Further research on the link between stigma and healthcare use of this group is urgently needed.
Single carbon fibers were directly heated and tensile tested in vacuum in a specially designed in-situ X-ray testing device. We followed the structural evolution by diffraction of synchrotron ...radiation X-rays and determined the effect of time, temperature and applied stress on the growth of nanocrystallites as well as their orientational change with respect to the fiber axis. As the nanocrystallites are stacks of graphene sheets, this is a direct measurement of the development of multi-layer graphene with temperature. In the same experiment, size and orientation of pores within the material were obtained from simultaneous in-situ small-angle X-ray scattering. It turned out that the final temperature is decisive for structural evolution, significantly more than time or load. The multi-layer graphene network structure in fibers after heat treatment without stress is stable, whereas this is not the case in fibers without heat treatment, no matter if the carbon fibers were produced from polyacrylonitrile or from mesophase pitch precursor.
Mental illness stigma is a barrier to healthcare utilization. This study is the first to research the connection between mental illness stigma and the use of healthcare by veterans of the German ...Armed Forces. An overview of perceived stigma components in this sample is provided that should help understand how these factors influence healthcare utilization.
43 interviews with veterans of the German Armed Forces were conducted. The resulting data were analyzed in several coding steps. It was investigated whether the stigma experience of veterans of the German Armed Forces could be well illustrated by the theory-based stigmatization model of Link and Phelan. A set of hypotheses on stigma and healthcare utilization based on the data were developed.
All stigma components according to the model of Link and Phelan were found in the sample. Internalized stigma, perceived public stigmatization, vocational disadvantage and social exclusion as well as feared misunderstanding of the military past in the civilian sector were reported as main stigma-relevant barriers to the use of healthcare.
Recommendations for interventions are given to decrease mental illness stigma in this specific group of former soldiers.
To gain initial insights into salient beliefs of former German soldiers (veterans) about the use of mental health services.
Narrative interviews with former German soldiers (veterans) were conducted ...in 2016.
Forty-three interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically based on the theoretical framework of the theory of planned behavior. From within the behavorial, normative, and control beliefs, the salient beliefs were identified.
Four groups of salient beliefs were identified, described, and named: "Autarky", "Ineffectiveness", "Heteronomy", and "Incapacity".
Interventions and campaigns addressing these four specific groups of beliefs may lead to higher health service use rates. However, as a result of methodological limitations of the study design, the conclusion remains tentative.
Abstract
Aim
The purpose of this official guideline published and coordinated by the German Society for Psychosomatic Gynecology and Obstetrics Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische ...Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe (DGPFG) is to provide a consensus-based overview of psychosomatically oriented diagnostic procedures and treatments for fertility disorders by evaluating the relevant literature.
Method
This S2k guideline was developed using a structured consensus process which included representative members of various professions; the guideline was commissioned by the DGPFG and is based on the 2014 version of the guideline.
Recommendations
The guideline provides recommendations on psychosomatically oriented diagnostic procedures and treatments for fertility disorders.
Zusammenfassung
Ziel
Das Ziel dieser offiziellen Leitlinie, die von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe (DGPFG) publiziert und koordiniert wurde, ist es, durch die Evaluation der relevanten Literatur einen konsensbasierten Überblick über die psychosomatisch orientierte Diagnostik und Therapie bei Fertilitätsstörungen zu geben.
Methoden
Diese S2k-Leitlinie wurde durch einen strukturierten Konsens von repräsentativen Mitgliedern verschiedener Professionen im Auftrag der DGPFG entwickelt, aufbauend auf der Leitlinienversion von 2014.
Empfehlungen
Es werden Empfehlungen zur psychosomatisch orientierten Diagnostik und Therapie bei Fertilitätsstörungen gegeben.
Abstract Objective This prospective study aimed to investigate whether prior internalizing disorders (PIDs) moderate the relationship between stress exposure (SE) and the onset of alcohol use ...disorders (AUDs) and nicotine dependence (ND) in deployed military personnel. Methods 358 male soldiers were examined directly before and 12 months after return from deployment using standardized interviews. Combat experiences, concerns about family disruptions, and difficult living and working environment were assessed as different aspects of SE. PID diagnoses (mood disorders (PMDs), anxiety disorders (PADs)) and substance use disorders were defined according to the DSM-IV-TR. Results PMDs were related to a stronger association between concerns about family disruptions and the risk of AUD onset (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 1.8–32.8, p = 0.006). The number of PID diagnoses (OR per diagnosis: 1.7, 95% CI 1.0–2.8, p = 0.036) and PADs (OR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.3, p = 0.038) were further related to a stronger association between difficult living and working environment and the risk of AUD onset. With regard to ND, PMDs were related to a weaker association between difficult living and working environment and the risk of ND onset (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8, p = 0.013). Conclusions PIDs might be related to an increased risk for the onset of AUDs but not ND following SE. This effect is probably restricted to specific constellations of PADs, PMDs, comorbid PIDs and specific aspects of SE. These critical constellations of PIDs and SE might be a promising target for future research and could contribute to the development of preventive measures to reduce the risk of AUDs following SE.
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this official guideline published and coordinated by the German Society for Psychosomatic Gynecology and Obstetrics Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische ...Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe (DGPFG) is to provide a consensus-based overview of psychosomatically oriented diagnostic procedures and treatments for fertility disorders by evaluating the relevant literature.
Method This S2k guideline was developed using a structured consensus process which included representative members of various professions; the guideline was commissioned by the DGPFG and is based on the 2014 version of the guideline.
Recommendations The guideline provides recommendations on psychosomatically oriented diagnostic procedures and treatments for fertility disorders.
Zusammenfassung
Ziel Das Ziel dieser offiziellen Leitlinie, die von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychosomatische Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe (DGPFG) publiziert und koordiniert wurde, ist es, durch die Evaluation der relevanten Literatur einen konsensbasierten Überblick über die psychosomatisch orientierte Diagnostik und Therapie bei Fertilitätsstörungen zu geben.
Methoden Diese S2k-Leitlinie wurde durch einen strukturierten Konsens von repräsentativen Mitgliedern verschiedener Professionen im Auftrag der DGPFG entwickelt, aufbauend auf der Leitlinienversion von 2014.
Empfehlungen Es werden Empfehlungen zur psychosomatisch orientierten Diagnostik und Therapie bei Fertilitätsstörungen gegeben.
► ANN’s were employed to map the velocity data from CFD simulations to the mode amplitudes of the DPOD model. ► For a given four sensor configuration, ANNE performed better than a Quadratic ...Stochastic Estimator (QSE) and a Linear Stochastic Estimator with time delays (DSE). ► Performance of ANN is based on its non-linear modeling capability.
Feedback flow control of the wake of a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100 is an interesting and challenging benchmark for controlling absolute instabilities associated with bluff body wakes. A two dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation is used to develop low-dimensional models for estimator design. Actuation is implemented as displacement of the cylinder normal to the flow. The estimation approach uses a low dimensional model based on a truncated 6 mode Double Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (DPOD) applied to the streamwise velocity component of the flow field. Sensor placement is based on the intensity of the resulting spatial modes. A non-linear Artificial Neural Network Estimator (ANNE) was employed to map the velocity data to the mode amplitudes of the DPOD model. For a given four sensor configuration, developed using a previously validated strategy, ANNE performed better than two state-of-the-art approaches, namely, a Quadratic Stochastic Estimator (QSE) and a Linear Stochastic Estimator with time delays (DSE).
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