Artykuł stanowi analizę kategorii siostrzeństwa i sposobów jej funkcjonowania w polskim dyskursie feministycznym. Została ona przeprowadzona w oparciu o artykuły publikowane w mediach, powstałe po X ...Kongresie Kobiet (Łódź, 16–17.06.2018). Jeden z nich przedstawia sprawę pracownicy ochrony i zaniedbań ze strony organizatorek Kongresu, jakie zaistniały w związku z jej pracą. Historia ta stała się ważnym punktem odniesienia dla kolejnych tekstów. Unaoczniła różne stanowiska i systemy wartości organizujące współczesne myślenie o siostrzeństwie, które przedstawiam w artykule poprzez trzy rodzaje narracji, jakie wyłoniły się z analizy wskazanych tekstów: narrację różnicy, narrację solidarności ponad podziałami oraz narrację o siostrzeństwie jako walce.
PD-1 plus CTLA-4 blockade is highly effective in advanced-stage, mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancers, yet not in MMR-proficient (pMMR) tumors. We postulated a higher efficacy of ...neoadjuvant immunotherapy in early-stage colon cancers. In the exploratory NICHE study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03026140), patients with dMMR or pMMR tumors received a single dose of ipilimumab and two doses of nivolumab before surgery, the pMMR group with or without celecoxib. The primary objective was safety and feasibility; 40 patients with 21 dMMR and 20 pMMR tumors were treated, and 3 patients received nivolumab monotherapy in the safety run-in. Treatment was well tolerated and all patients underwent radical resections without delays, meeting the primary endpoint. Of the patients who received ipilimumab + nivolumab (20 dMMR and 15 pMMR tumors), 35 were evaluable for efficacy and translational endpoints. Pathological response was observed in 20/20 (100%; 95% exact confidence interval (CI): 86-100%) dMMR tumors, with 19 major pathological responses (MPRs, ≤10% residual viable tumor) and 12 pathological complete responses. In pMMR tumors, 4/15 (27%; 95% exact CI: 8-55%) showed pathological responses, with 3 MPRs and 1 partial response. CD8
PD-1
T cell infiltration was predictive of response in pMMR tumors. These data indicate that neoadjuvant immunotherapy may have the potential to become the standard of care for a defined group of colon cancer patients when validated in larger studies with at least 3 years of disease-free survival data.
The efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is low
, highlighting a need for strategies that render the tumor microenvironment ...more sensitive to PD-1 blockade. Preclinical research has suggested immunomodulatory properties for chemotherapy and irradiation
. In the first stage of this adaptive, non-comparative phase 2 trial, 67 patients with metastatic TNBC were randomized to nivolumab (1) without induction or with 2-week low-dose induction, or with (2) irradiation (3 × 8 Gy), (3) cyclophosphamide, (4) cisplatin or (5) doxorubicin, all followed by nivolumab. In the overall cohort, the objective response rate (ORR; iRECIST
) was 20%. The majority of responses were observed in the cisplatin (ORR 23%) and doxorubicin (ORR 35%) cohorts. After doxorubicin and cisplatin induction, we detected an upregulation of immune-related genes involved in PD-1-PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1) and T cell cytotoxicity pathways. This was further supported by enrichment among upregulated genes related to inflammation, JAK-STAT and TNF-α signaling after doxorubicin. Together, the clinical and translational data of this study indicate that short-term doxorubicin and cisplatin may induce a more favorable tumor microenvironment and increase the likelihood of response to PD-1 blockade in TNBC. These data warrant confirmation in TNBC and exploration of induction treatments prior to PD-1 blockade in other cancer types.
In the article I discuss the strategies of visualizing the community in the video of Anna Okrasko Next to you I remember I am (2016). The images of the communities artist proposes are based on ...politician’s speech and scenes from religious processions. Analyzing the values that organize these stories, I consider the reality they refer to as well as I try to give an account of the role played by ambiguity in constructing/dismantling the communities (following Zygmunt Bauman ambiguity is understood here as a specifically modern practice which manifests itself in constant clash with the need for order). // W artykule przyglądam się strategiom wizualizowania wspólnoty zawartym w wideo Anny Okrasko Next to you I remember I am (2016). Elementy konstrukcji wyobrażeń wspólnot oparte są na przemówieniu polityka i scenach z procesji religijnych. Analizując wartości, organizujące te opowieści, zastanawiam się nie tylko nad rzeczywistością, do której się odnoszą, ale próbuję również zdać sprawę z roli, jaką w konstruowaniu lub/i demontowaniu wywołanych wspólnot odgrywa wieloznaczność (traktowana za Zygmuntem Baumanem jako praktyka specyficznie nowoczesna i ujawniająca się w nieustannym starciu z potrzebą ładu).
The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Intima-media complex thickness (IMT), selected ...metabolic parameters and health behaviors were assessed in the course of the study.
The study included study group, which consisted of 45 patients with JIA and 37 healthy age- and sex-matched children in the control group. Analyses in both groups included anthropometric parameters, laboratory tests, IMT and a questionnaire on exposure to modifiable CVD risk factors.
The study confirmed that CVD risk factors were present in both groups of patients. Significantly more children with JIA had abnormal BMI (
= 0.006) compared to the control group. Children in the study group were more likely to consume fruit regularly (
= 0.021) and less likely to consume fast food (
= 0.011) and sweetened beverages (
= 0.042) than children in the control group. Only 1 patient with JIA met criteria for ideal cardiovascular health. Dietary habits were not associated with IMT values, BMI, presence of joint pain or biochemical parameters in the study group.
Patients with JIA are exposed to cardiovascular risk factors equally to their healthy peers. Ideal cardiovascular health should be pursued in the pediatric population with particular attention paid to patients with chronic diseases (i.e., JIA). The application of carotid artery IMT measurement in the assessment of CVD risk requires studies on a larger group of patients.
The authors look from a feminist perspective at four Polish documentary films: "Strajk matek" ("Mothers on Strike", dir. M. Maciejewska, M. Malinowska, 2011), "Solidarność według kobiet" ("Solidarity ...According to Women", dir. M. Dzido, P. Śliwowski, 2014), "Strajk kobiet trwa" ("The Women’s Strike Continues", dir. M. Malinowska, 2018), and "Siłaczki" ("Women Power", dir. M. Dzido, P. Śliwowski, 2018). They analyse these productions, recognizing in them a call to transform social reality, and treating them as examples of a “fighting genre”, which is perceived in the article as a kind of social experience, foregrounding the necessity for solidarity in the struggle for a better life, for visibility in the public space, and for the recognition of values, histories or practices relevant to particular women’s communities. Reflecting on the various dimensions of the feminist documentary film – interventionist, herstoric, committed, and educational – the authors show how working on a film also becomes a form of active support for the Polish women’s movement.
Daily quantitative MR imaging during radiotherapy of cancer patients has become feasible with MRI systems integrated with linear accelerators (MR-linacs). Quantitative images could be used for ...treatment response monitoring. With intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI, it is possible to acquire perfusion information without the use of contrast agents. In this multicenter study, daily IVIM measurements were performed in prostate cancer patients to identify changes that potentially reflect response to treatment.
Forty-three patients were included, treated with 20 fractions of 3 Gy on a 1.5 T MR-linac. IVIM measurements were performed on each treatment day. The diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion fraction (f), and pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) were calculated based on the median signal intensities in the non-cancerous prostate and the tumor. Repeatability coefficients (RCs) were determined based on the first two treatment fractions. Separate linear mixed-effects models were constructed for the three IVIM parameters.
In total, 726 fractions were analyzed. Pre-treatment average values, measured on the first fraction before irradiation, were 1.46 × 10
mm
/s, 0.086, and 28.7 × 10
mm
/s in the non-cancerous prostate and 1.19 × 10
mm
/s, 0.088, and 28.9 × 10
mm
/s in the tumor, for D, f, and D*, respectively. The repeatability coefficients for D, f, and D* in the non-cancerous prostate were 0.09 × 10
mm
/s, 0.05, and 15.3 × 10
mm
/s. In the tumor, these values were 0.44 × 10
mm
/s, 0.16, and 76.4 × 10
mm
/s. The mixed effects analysis showed an increase in D of the tumors over the course of treatment, while remaining stable in the non-cancerous prostate. The f and D* increased in both the non-cancerous prostate and tumor.
It is feasible to perform daily IVIM measurements on an MR-linac system. Although the repeatability coefficients were high, changes in IVIM perfusion parameters were measured on a group level, indicating that IVIM has potential for measuring treatment response.
Aim
To evaluate the prognostic value of tumor markers in a European cohort of patients with resectable gastric cancer.
Methods
We performed a post hoc analysis of the CRITICS trial, in which 788 ...patients received perioperative therapy. Association between survival and pretreatment CEA, CA 19-9, alkaline phosphatase, neutrophils, hemoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase were explored in uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses. Likelihoods to receive potentially curative surgery were investigated for patients without elevated tumor markers versus one of the tumor markers elevated versus both tumor markers elevated. The association between tumor markers and the presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was explored in 50 patients with available ctDNA data.
Results
In multivariable analysis, in which we corrected for allocated treatment and other baseline characteristics, elevated pretreatment CEA (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.11–1.85,
p
< 0.001) and CA 19-9 (HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.42–2.25,
p
< 0.001) were associated with worse OS. Likelihoods to receive potentially curative surgery were 86%, 77% and 60% for patients without elevated tumor marker versus either elevated CEA or CA 19-9 versus both elevated, respectively (
p
< 0.001). Although both preoperative presence of ctDNA and tumor markers were prognostic for survival, no association was found between these two parameters.
Conclusion
CEA and CA 19-9 were independent prognostic factors for survival in a large cohort of European patients with resectable gastric cancer. No relationship was found between tumor markers and ctDNA. These factors could potentially guide treatment choices and should be included in future trials to determine their definitive position.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT00407186. EudraCT number: 2006-00413032.
Artykuł problematyzuje działania artystyczno-archiwistyczne Iwony Demko dotyczące pierwszych studentek Akademii Sztuk Pięknych im. Jana Matejki w Krakowie. Rozpoznając swoje usytuowanie w akademii ...jako kobieta, artystka zdaje sprawę z trudności, jakich mogły doświadczać jej poprzedniczki, chcące studiować sztukę w czasach, gdy na akademię wstęp mieli wyłącznie mężczyźni. Przywracając historii sylwetki zapomnianych pierwszych studentek, Demko stawia pytania o miejsce kobiet w historii sztuki, sposoby konstruowania tego dyskursu, ale i o obraz akademii jako instytucji edukacyjnej. Przyjrzenie się tym działaniom skłania do refleksji nad zainicjowanymi przez artystkę sposobami wytwarzania i dzielenia się wiedzą.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with longitudinal phenotypes provide opportunities to identify genetic variations associated with changes in human traits over time. Mixed models are used to ...correct for the correlated nature of longitudinal data. GWA studies are notorious for their computational challenges, which are considerable when mixed models for thousands of individuals are fitted to millions of SNPs. We present a new algorithm that speeds up a genome-wide analysis of longitudinal data by several orders of magnitude. It solves the equivalent penalized least squares problem efficiently, computing variances in an initial step. Factorizations and transformations are used to avoid inversion of large matrices. Because the system of equations is bordered, we can re-use components, which can be precomputed for the mixed model without a SNP. Two SNP effects (main and its interaction with time) are obtained. Our method completes the analysis a thousand times faster than the R package lme4, providing an almost identical solution for the coefficients and p-values. We provide an R implementation of our algorithm.
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