NDE 4.0—A Design Thinking Perspective Vrana, Johannes; Singh, Ripudaman
Journal of nondestructive evaluation,
2021/3, Letnik:
40, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cyber technologies are offering new horizons for quality control in manufacturing and safety assurance in-service of physical assets. The line between non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and Industry ...4.0 is getting blurred since both are sensory data-driven domains. This multidisciplinary approach has led to the emergence of a new capability: NDE 4.0. The NDT community is coming together once again to define the purpose, chart the process, and address the adoption of emerging technologies. In this paper, the authors have taken a design thinking approach to spotlight proper objectives for research on this subject. It begins with qualitative research on twenty different perceptions of stakeholders and misconceptions around the current state of NDE. The interpretation is used to define ten value propositions or use cases under ‘NDE for Industry 4.0’ and ‘Industry 4.0 for NDE’ leading up to the clarity of purpose for NDE 4.0—enhanced safety and economic value for stakeholders. To pursue this worthy cause, the paper delves into some of the top adoption challenges, and proposes a journey of managed innovation, conscious skills development, and a new form of leadership required to succeed in the cyber-physical world.
Across so many industries, non-destructive evaluation has proven its worth time and again through quality and safety assurance of valuable assets. Yet, over time, it became underappreciated in ...business decisions. In most cases, the data gathered by NDT is used for quality assurance assessments resulting in binary decisions. And we seem to miss out on value of the information content of NDE which goes way deeper and can help other stakeholders: such as engineering, management, inspectors, service providers, and even regulators. Some of those groups might not even be aware of the benefits of NDE data and its digitalization. Unfortunately, the NDE industry typically makes the data access unnecessarily difficult by proprietary interfaces and data formats. Both those challenges need to be addressed now by the NDE industry. The confluence of NDE and Industry 4.0, dubbed as NDE 4.0, provides a unique opportunity for the NDE/NDT Industry to not only readjust the value perception but to gain new customer groups through a broad set of value creation activities across the ecosystem. The integration of NDE into the Cyber-Physical Loop (including IIoT and Digital Twin) is the chance for the NDE industry to now shift the perception from a cost center to a value center. This paper provides an overview of the NDE ecosystem, key value streams, cyber-physical loops that create value, and a number of use cases for various stakeholders in the ecosystem.
The excessive use of petroleum products has led to the rapid depletion of conventional oil resources and negative environmental impacts. Consequently, a growing demand for “eco-friendly grease” ...relies on sustainable resources. Mere innovations in thickeners are not sufficient. To address this issue, it is essential to introduce novel eco-friendly base oil and complexing agents. Consequently, a series of new grease formulations were developed, using pentaerythritol tetraoleate ester as the base oil along with sebacic acid and azelaic acid in a calcium stearate thickener. The performance of these formulations was evaluated using a four ball friction tester. The results showed a 10.6% reduction in average wear scar diameter with the addition of sebacic acid and a 19.8% reduction in average coefficient of friction with the combination of sebacic acid and azelaic acid (2:1) in polyol based grease compared to mineral oil based calcium grease. To analyze the significance and roles of the variables, multiple linear regression (MLR) and second order polynomial regression were applied to the experimental results. The polynomial regression models were then used as objective functions to optimize the anti-wear properties of the grease with complexing agents, using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. Among all the formulations, the grease with 3% concentration by weight of sebacic acid demonstrated the most promising tribological performance compared to the traditional reference grease.
Graphical Abstract
Refugees often face psychosocial complexity and multi-dimensional healthcare needs. Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) methods have been previously employed in designing health programs ...for refugee communities and in building strong research partnerships in refugee communities. However, the extent to which these communities are involved remains unknown.
To review the evidence on the involvement of refugees in CBPR processes to inform healthcare research.
A scoping review was performed, using Arksey & O'Malley's methodological framework. A literature search in Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, and Policy File Index for articles published until August 2020 was conducted. Articles were included if they focused on CBPR, had refugee involvement, and discussed healthcare/health policy.
4125 articles were identified in the database searches. After removal of duplicates, 2077 articles underwent title and abstract review by two authors, yielding an inter-reviewer kappa-statistic of 0.85. 14 studies were included in the final analysis. The purpose of CBPR use for 6 (42.9%) of the articles was developing and implementing mental health/social support interventions, 5 (35.7%) focused on sexual and reproductive health interventions, 1 (7.1%) focused on domestic violence interventions, 1 (7.1%) focused on cardiovascular disease prevention and 1 (7.1%) focused on parenting interventions. In terms of refugee involvement in the various stages in the research process, 9 (64.3%) articles reported refugees having a role in the inception of the research, no articles reported including refugees in obtaining funding, all articles included refugees in the design of the research study, 10 (71.4%) articles reported having refugees involved in community engagement/recruitment, 8 (57.1%) articles reported involvement throughout the data collection process, 4 (28.6%) articles reported involvement in data analysis, 6 (42.9%) articles reported having refugees involved in knowledge translation/dissemination and 1 article (7.1%) reported having refugees contribute to scale up initiatives.
CBPR has been identified as a methodology with the potential to make substantial contributions to improving health and well-being in traditionally disenfranchised populations. As the needs of refugee communities are so diverse, efforts should be made to include refugees as partners in all stages of the research process.
Abstract
Background
COVID-19 continues to disproportionately impact families of children with developmental disabilities (DD). There is an urgent need to understand these families’ experiences, ...particularly those that face economic or social marginalization. This qualitative study sought to identify the experiences of families of children with DD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
Using phenomenology, in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with caregivers and health care providers of children with DD living in a large urban Canadian city. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using inductive coding methods by two independent coders. Transcripts were analyzed within and across stakeholder groups using thematic analysis.
Results
A total of 25 IDIs were conducted in 2020. 3 main themes and 7 sub-themes emerged related to the experiences of parents and health care providers for children with DD: families reported difficulty adhering to public health measures leading to isolation and increased parental stress; restricted access to in-person services worsened behaviour and development; and worsened household financial security in already marginalized families.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that families of children with DD have been negatively impacted by the evolving environment from the COVID-19 pandemic, and even more so in those who face social and economic challenges. Public health restrictions have impaired the daily lives of these families and our study suggests that limitations to accessing in-person services may have long-lasting impacts on the well-being of families of children with DD. It is imperative that the unique needs of these families be considered and centred for future interventions.
This study accounted for fabrication, physico-mechanical, and morphological properties of extracted pine cone scale fiber (natural fiber) and vigna mungo powder (natural filler) reinforced ...polypropylene composite using the compression molding technique. The behavior of hybrid composites was examined through tensile, flexural, hardness, impact, and SEM characterizations. Compared to the neat polymer matrix, the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites improved. The flexural and hardness properties where significantly enhanced with the addition of Vigna mungo powder. The hybrid composite C2 (30% pine cone scale fiber reinforcement) showed the highest density tensile and impact strength. The composite C5 (30% vigna mungo powder reinforcement) showed the least density, lowest impact, and high flexural strength. This was attributed to the chemical treatment of the fibers, which improved the fibers' tensile properties due to the removal of the wax layer from fiber surface. The study concluded that naturally occurring pine cone scale fiber and vigna mungo powder could be used as potential reinforcements and can be a viable alternative material for polymer-based composites.
PDF
