•The Indian Himalayan Region has been recognized for its diverse food culture.•Understand the preparing various indigenous starter cultures.•Traditional alcoholic beverages and their cultural ...significance.•Commercialization of traditional drinks, ethnic foods and beverages.
Consumption of fermented foods has been an integral part of the human food resource since the beginning of civilization. For generations, the practice of preparing fermented food have remained the same with a very little alterations in the techniques. Throughout the globe people with different ethnicity are known to produce fermented alcoholic beverages using variety of substrates depending upon the abundance and availability of the substrate in the region. Majority of the traditional fermented beverages have socio-cultural values amongst the tribal communities who consumes them, not only these fermented beverages have deep rooted link to rituals but also are consumed for nutritive and therapeutic purpose. These drinks are not only rich in its texture, flavor and nutrition but also fortified with the goodness of probiotic microflora which plays an imperative role in enhancing the overall dietary profile of the drinks. The high-altitude geographical regions of India are well-known for the rich diversity of ethno-medicinal plants, the tribal communities residing on the higher planes utilizes a variety of these ethnomedicinal plants for the preparation of ethnic fermented drinks which in turn augments the therapeutic value of the drinks. The present review exchanges insight on the preparation of some well-recognized drinks of the three regions of the North-West Indian Himalayan region i.e., Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.
Apple is an important fruit crop that is always in demand due to its commercial and nutraceutical value. Also, the requirement for quality planting material for this fruit crop for new plantations is ...increasing continuously. In-vitro propagation is an alternative approach, which may help to produce genetically identical high grade planting material. In this study, for the first time, an efficient and reproducible propagation protocol has been established for apple root stock MM 104 via axillary bud. Culturing axillary buds on Murashige and Skoog apple rootstock (MM 104) resulted in better in-vitro propagation. (MS) basal medium supplemented with 3.0% (w/v) sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar. The axillary buds were established in MS basal medium with BA (5.0 µM), NAA (1.0 µM) and further used to establish invitro propagation protocol. Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs), BA (1.0 µM) in combination with NAA (1.0 µM) was found most efficient for shoot multiplication (100%) and produced 9.8 shoots/explants with an average shoot length of (2.4 ± cm). All the shoots produced roots in 0.1 µM IBA with a 5-day dark period. Acclimatization of in-vitro raised plantlets was obtained with vermiculite: perlite: sand: soil (2:2:1:1) resulting in 76% survival under field conditions. The study showed that the use of axillary bud is efficient for multiple-shoot production of apple rootstock (MM 104). This is the first comprehensive report on in-vitro growth of apple root stock MM 104 with an assessment of genetic stability using DNA fingerprinting profiles based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Start Codon Targeted (SCoT). The genetic stability of in-vitro-produced plants, as determined by SCoT and ISSR primers, demonstrated genetic closeness to the mother plant.
Phenolic compounds (PCs) are a prominent class of secondary metabolites produced by plants and are essential for the natural role of the entire plant life cycle. PCs are formed in plants under both ...favorable and unfavorable conditions and have essential functions in signaling pathways, such as cell division, nutrient mineralization, hormone control, and reproduction. Under abiotic stress conditions, plants produce more polyphenols, which aid them in adapting to their environment. The phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway is activated under various environmental stress conditions, such as drought, heavy metal toxicity, salinity, and high/low temperatures, resulting in the deposition of compounds. These compounds can neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in excessive amounts in crops under stressful conditions and adversely affect plants. It is imperative to investigate the functions of PCs in response to several abiotic stresses, as the phenylpropanoid pathway plays a crucial role in the metabolic pathway in crop plants, leading to the biosynthesis of a wide range of PCs. These compounds play various roles in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stress. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of PCs and their exchanges with other cellular components, which is crucial for harnessing their potential to improve crop resilience to environmental stresses.
A review of haptics in dental surgery Ramachandra, Jaya; Siddaiah, Shakuntala; Sinha, Somya
Journal of the scientific society (Belgaum),
05/2023, Letnik:
50, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Dentistry is a professional field, and patients receive dental care in a straightforward way owing to the use of tactile abilities. Haptics act of identifying things through touch. It is an ...innovation in both medical and dentistry procedures. The current revelations have proposed that haptic and virtual technologies might improve dentistry education outcomes, and scientific data have supported the use of virtual technology in dentistry. With the utilization of haptics, students can acquire skills without putting a strain on resources or labor by obtaining access to an unlimited number of training hours. This review offers a succinct overview of the haptics literature for educating dental students.
Different anthropogenic activities, extensive applications of agrochemicals, and industrialization have significantly altered natural environmental processes through the generation of solid waste. ...Based on the sources of origin and chemical behavior, the impact of solid waste on the environment varies. Currently, it is essential to tackle novel methods to reduce the impact of solid waste on the environment. Approaches such as open burning, landfills, incineration, composting, and pyrolysis are effective against solid waste; however, the introduction of sustainable and efficient approaches is essential to overcome the problems of conventional practices. Enzyme-mediated solid waste management is an extensively applicable strategy owing to its specificity for catalytic reactions. Enzyme-mediated remediation directly or indirectly degrades pollutants by modifying the chemical and physical properties of waste. Hydrolases, lipases, oxidoreductases, oxygenases, and laccases are the major enzymes involved in the conversion of hazardous wastes into non-toxic or biodegradable materials. To boost the activity of enzymes or for profitable industrialization, it is mandatory to incorporate modern strategies, such as omics analysis, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology, that aid in the development of new tolerant enzyme mutants with high efficiency. This review comprehensively covers the recent trends in enzyme-mediated biotransformation of toxic waste materials to non-toxic materials for a stable, sustainable, and healthy environment.
•Different biomass as sustainable alternative of biofuel.•Different thermochemical method for biomass velarization.•By-product utilization of thermochemical method.•Current status of thermochemical ...method for biomass velarization.
Due to an increase in industrialization and urbanization, massive amounts of solid waste biomass are speedily accumulating in our environment, which poses several adverse effects on habitat and human health thus becoming a matter of discussion in the environmental community. With reference to the circular economy, continuous efforts have been put forward for setting up an organised management approach in combination with an efficient treatment technique for increasing the profitable utilization of solid waste. This review aims to provide a systematic discussion on the recent thermochemical technologies employed for converting waste biomass generated from different sources into valuable products like biochar, bio-oil, heat, energy and syngas. The article further focuses on a few important aspects of thermochemical conversion of waste biomass to useful products like technical factors affecting thermochemical processes, applications of by-products of thermochemical conversion, and biological pretreatment of waste biomass. The review assists interesting recent and scientific trends for boosting up the systematic management and valorization of solid waste through low-cost, efficient, environment-friendly and sustainable technologies.
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In the 21st century, hybrid nanocomposites were widely used in bioelectronic, biosensing, photocatalytic, and biomedical applications. In the present study, we fabricated a novel Fe3O4/PVA/Eggshell ...hybrid nanocomposite and physicochemically characterized it using powder XRD, EDS, FTIR, VSM, and HR-TEM analysis. The XRD spectrum revealed the crystalline and FCC configuration of Fe3O4 NPs with average crystal size of 16.28 nm, and the HRTEM image indicates the prepared hybrid nanocomposite is of spherical shape with less agglomeration. This hybrid nanocomposite showed a significant photodegradation property in degrading organic pollutants such as congo red and crystal violet dyes under the sunlight irradiation. In addition, the hybrid nanocomposite also displayed a potent antibacterial property against different Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacterial pathogens. This study provides a significant example in the overview of fabrication of cost effectively, eco-friendly, and multiple-application hybrid nanocomposites through eggshell membrane fibers.
Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements required for crop production. The ideal soil pH for its absorption by plants is about 6.5, but in alkaline and acidic soils, most of the consumed ...P forms an insoluble complex with calcium, iron, and aluminum elements and its availability for absorption by the plant decreases. The supply of P needed by plants is mainly achieved through chemical fertilizers; however, in addition to the high price of these fertilizers, in the long run, their destructive effects will affect the soil and the environment. The use of cheap and abundant resources such as rock phosphate (RP) can be an alternative strategy for P chemical fertilizers, but the solubilization of P of this source has been a challenge for agricultural researchers. For this, physical and chemical treatments have been used, but the solution that has recently attracted the attention of the researchers is to use the potential of rhizobacteria to solubilize RP and supply P to plants by this method. These microorganisms, via. mechanisms such as proton secretion, organic and mineral acid production, siderophore production, etc., lead to the solubilization of RP, and by releasing its P, they improve the quantitative and qualitative performance of agricultural products. In this review, addressing the potential of rhizosphere microbes (with a focus on rhizobacteria) as an eco-friendly strategy for RP solubilization, along with physical and chemical solutions, has been attempted.
Since the emergence of more amd more HIV infected individuals and increasing trend of community acquired Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus, it is important to know the prevalence of MRSA ...in a community.
Nasal and axillary swabs were taken from a community centre for seropositive children and processed for isolation of MRSA by CLSI 2015 guidelines.
Among the 90 Staphyloccus aureus, 33(34.8%) were resistant to methicillin and to ceftriaxone 22%, ciprofloxacin 26%, clindamycin 17%, co-trimoxazole 6.2%, erythromycin 29.7%, tetracycline 15.4% and chloramphenicol 8.4%.
From the above study it can be concluded that community acquired MRSA is increasing among the seropositive patients and they should be treated with mupirocin and chlorhexedine which will be helpful in decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with it.
With the rapid advancement in the field of nanotechnology, the use of toxic chemicals can be eliminated with the help of certain medicinal plants which has a significant role for a better future in ...terms of nanoparticle synthesis and are known for their potent activity due to the presence of bioactive components. Owing to the large surface to volume ratio of the nanoparticles, they have been of immense importance for their effective utilization in various sectors such as in medicine, pharmaceutical, food industry and pharmaceutical sector. Recently several research findings has suggested the role of plants as an excellent source for the formation of nanoparticles as it requires less time and impose no threat to the environment. Therefore, the present review focuses on the methods of synthesis of AgNPs, ZnNPs, AuNPs which are mostly mediated by bacteria, fungi and different parts of the plant extracts and their possibility of usage in the field of biomedical sector and discusses it role in the drug delivery process. Furthermore, more detailed research and an in depth understanding on the assays has to be performed for getting the information about the toxicity of these nanoparticles.
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