Structural chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in peripheral blood were studied in female workers employed in the shoe-making industry in two periods: 1987 (group I; N = 38) ...and 1992 (group II; N = 45). Only 11 of the workers were present in both groups and their results are presented both together and separately. Occupational exposure to benzene and toluene was confirmed through their determination in the working area, blood, and phenol in pre- and post-shift urine. The results were compared with those from the control group (N = 35). Benzene in the working atmosphere was significantly higher in 1987 compared to 1992, but was always lower than the current Croatian permissible concentration of 50 mg m-3 (in the near future this value will be changed to 15 mg m-3). A statistically significant difference was also found in biological markers of benzene exposure between the two periods of the investigation. Increased absorption in the first period occurred because of intensified production in 1987, and this decreased significantly in 1992 because of the war in Croatia. The cytogenetic study showed a significant increase in dicentric chromosomes in exposed groups I and II when compared to the control group. Statistically significant higher SCE frequencies were found in group I compared to the control group and also compared to group II. Between exposed group II and the controls no statistically significant difference in SCEs was found. Comparing the same 11 workers present in both periods the results showed no difference in chromosome aberrations between the two periods of examination. SCE frequencies were significantly higher in 1987 when greater benzene absorption occurred, confirmed by biomarkers of benzene exposure. The presented results indicate that genotoxicity may occur in workers exposed to low levels of benzene in the shoe industry.
To evaluate the incidence and prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in southern Albania and to assess the association of various demographic risk factors with the severity of disease.
This is an ...observational study with cross-sectional analyses, conducted in the region of Gjirokaster, between 1995 until 2011. The diagnosis of AS was based on the modified New York criteria. Data on population are obtained from the reports of the National Institute of Statistics.
Between 1995 and 2011, there were 54 patients diagnosed with AS. Of them, 48 subjects were males (88.9%) and 6 subjects females (11.1%). The AS prevalence in adult population (≥14 years of age), in December 2010, was 0.061%. The 5-year incidence (2006-2010) in adult population was 0.006 %. The mean age at the onset of disease was 29.7±8.4 years. The mean age in 2011 (n=50 subjects) was 51.6±12.7 years. The duration of the disease was 22.7±11.2 years. More than two thirds of the patients (70.3%) were in the advanced radiological stages of the disease. A younger age at the onset of the disease, longer delay in diagnosis, lower educational level and smoking were significant independent factors associated with the advanced forms of the disease.
In southern Albania, the AS prevalence in 2010 was 0.061% and the 5-year incidence (2006-2010) was 6 new cases per 105 adults. The incidence and prevalence of AS in Southern Albania are close to the respective regional epidemiological data.
Although in the past decades a number of studies and activities to improve business of cargo ports were carried out, still the cargo seaports in the Republic of Croatia are not competitive in ...relation to the cargo seaports in the Adriatic and Mediterranean seas, thereby the objective of this thesis was to use theoretical and practical knowledge to establish activities which will lead to improvement in the business activities of cargo seaports in Croatia. At the beginning of this thesis work for a better understanding of the issues, important features of maritime transport and seaports are presented, such as: the concept of maritime transport and ports, types of maritime transport and ports and the function of maritime ports. After thoroughly elaborated features of maritime transport and seaports special attention was paid to the cargo seaports, setting out the legal guidelines of management of seaports, the movement of freight traffic in seaports and assessment of management of cargo seaports in Croatia. Given the fact that container traffic is one of the most promising forms of transport, an analyze has been made in container traffic and an assessment of container traffic management in the seaports of Croatia is presented. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the degree of business efficiency of cargo ports and container traffic in Croatia a few suggestions for improvement of cargo ports are laid out by the Ministry, port associations, port authorities and major actors in the business of cargo seaports. In the end, it was concluded that to improve freight operations of Croatian ports it is necessary to set a consistent transport and port policies that will be consistent with standards and regulations of the European Union.
Premda se više desetljeća proučava i unapređuje poslovanje teretnih morskih luka, one u Republici Hrvatskoj još uvijek nisu konkurentne takvim lukama u Jadranskome i Sredozemnom moru, stoga je predmet istraživanja u ovom radu bio da se uz pomoć teorijske i praktične spoznaje utvrde aktivnosti koje će dovesti do unapređenja u poslovanju hrvatskih teretnih morskih luka. Na početku razmatranja, poradi boljeg razumijevanja same problematike, predočene su važnije značajke o pomorskom prometu i morskim lukama, kao što su pojam pomorskog prometa i morskih luka, njihove vrste i funkcije. Nakon detaljno elaboriranih značajki posebna je pozornost posvećena teretnim morskim lukama, iznoseći zakonske odrednice za upravljanje njima, opseg teretnog prometa i, konačno, ocjena upravljanja teretnim morskim lukama u Republici Hrvatskoj. S obzirom na činjenicu da je kontejnerski promet vrlo perspektivan oblik prijevoza tereta, izvršena je analiza kontejnerskog prometa te je predstavljena ocjena upravljanja kontejnerskim prometom u morskim lukama. Na temelju dobivenih pokazatelja izneseno je i elaborirano nekoliko prijedloga kojima bi se poboljšalo poslovanje teretnih morskih luka uz podršku Ministarstva, udruženja luka, lučkih uprava i važnijih sudionika u njihovu poslovanju. Na kraju, zaključeno je da bi pritom bilo prijeko potrebno uspostaviti konzistentnu prometnu i lučku politiku koja će biti usklađena sa standardima i propisima Europske unije.
Obrazovni dokumentarni filmovi i videoklipovi korisni su u nastavi likovne
umjetnosti zbog mogućnosti upoznavanja umjetničkog djela iz svih kutova i konteksta.
Dostupne su tri kategorije ...dokumentarnih sadržaja (filmovi za popularizaciju umjetnosti,
nastavni filmovi, videoklipovi) od kojih nisu svi jednako dobro primjenjivi u nastavnom
procesu. Pri odabiru materijala treba se voditi kriterijima selekcije i jasno strukturirati
nastavni sat u kojem će se film koristiti kao nastavni alat i nadopuna drugim metodama.
Analizirali smo koliko je film kao medij potreban u podučavanju likovne umjetnosti te koji
filmovi mogu postati sastavni dio nastavnog procesa likovne umjetnosti.
Desaturacijskim testom Lanthony D-15 ispitivan je vid za boje u 41 radnice izvrgnute prosječnoj koncentraciji toluena u zraku od 35 ppm (raspon 11,2-49,9 ppm) i u 29 radnica kontrolne skupine. ...Kvalitativni vid za boje izražen je kao indeks pogreške i kao indeks pogreške korigiran za utjecaj alkohola, a kvalitativni vid kao normalan, s oštećenjern u plavo-žutom dijelu spektra ili kao složeno oštećenje. Rezultati su statistički analizirani t-testom i Mann-Whitneyevim U-testom. U obje su ispitivane skupine vrijednosti indeksa pogreške i indeksa pogreške korigiranog za utjecaj alkohola bile značajno povezane s dobi ispitanika. U skupini izloženoj toluenu njihove su vrijednosti bile statistički značajno više (P) nego u kontrolnoj skupini. Nije bilo statistički značajno učestalijeg oštećenja vida u žuto-plavom dijelu spektra. Rezultati upućuju na zaključak da u radnica izvrgnutih niskim koncentracijama toluena indeks pogreške značajno odstupa od očekivanoga, ali da kvalitativno oštećenje vida za boje nije učestalije nego u poredbenoj skupini.
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