A population-based case-control study in Utah of 358 cases diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1984 and 1985, and 679 controls categorically matched by age and county of residence, were ...interviewed to investigate the association between dietary intake of energy (kcal), fat, protein, vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin C, zinc, cadmium, selenium, and prostate cancer. Dietary data were ascertained using a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Data were analyzed separately by age (45-67, 68-74) and by tumor aggressiveness. The most significant associations were seen for older males and aggressive tumors. Dietary fat was the strongest risk factor for these males, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.9 (95 percent confidence interval CI 1.0-8.4) for total fat; OR = 2.2 (CI = 0.7-6.6) for saturated fat; OR = 3.6 (CI = 1.3-9.7) for monounsaturated fat; and OR = 2.7 (CI = 1.1-6.8) for polyunsaturated fat. Protein and carbohydrates had positive but nonsignificant associations. Energy intake had an OR of 2.5 (CI = 1.0-6.5). In these older men, no effects were seen for dietary cholesterol, body mass, or physical activity. There was little association between prostate cancer and dietary intake of zinc, cadmium, selenium, vitamin C, and β-carotene. Total vitamin A had a slight positive association with all prostate cancer (OR = 1.6, CI = 0.9-2.4), but not with aggressive tumors. No associations were found in younger males, with the exception of physical activity which showed active males to be at an increased but nonsignificant risk for aggressive tumors (OR = 2.0, CI = 0.8-5.2) and β-carotene which showed a nonsignificant protective effect (OR = 0.6, CI = 0.3-1.6). The findings suggest that dietary intake, especially fats, may increase risk of aggressive prostate tumors in older males.
Byline: Chenxi Wang (1), Richard N. Baumgartner (1), Dongyan Yang (1), Martha L. Slattery (2), Maureen A. Murtaugh (2), Tim Byers (3), Lisa M. Hines (3), Anna R. Giuliano (4), Kathy B. Baumgartner ...(1) Keywords: Breast cancer; Antioxidant vitamin; Hispanic Objectives The effects of dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins on breast cancer risk are inconclusive. Moreover, little is known as to whether associations differ between non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Hispanic women. We assessed the associations of the dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins commonly found in fruits and vegetables with breast cancer risk and estrogen receptor (ER) status among NHW and Hispanic women living in the Southwestern U.S. Materials and methods Primary breast cancer cases in the 4-Corners region (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah), diagnosed between October 1999 and May 2004, were identified through state cancer registries. Controls were frequency matched by ethnicity and age (+-5 years). Information on demographic characteristics and other breast cancer risk factors prior to the referent year were collected by interviewer-administered computerized questionnaire. A modified extensive diet history questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Results We did not find a protective effect of dietary antioxidants, such as alpha or beta-carotene, beta -cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, retinol, vitamin C, alpha, delta, beta or I3-tocopherol, on breast cancer risk in populations living in the Southwest. We did not find any consistent associations with multivariate risk of breast cancer or estrogen receptor status. Cigarette smoking was not a significant effect modifier of these associations. Conclusion This case--control study did not find any meaningful association of the dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins with breast cancer risk or ER status. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 555 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA (2) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (3) University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA (4) Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA Article History: Registration Date: 14/03/2008 Received Date: 13/03/2008 Accepted Date: 14/03/2008 Online Date: 01/08/2008
The relation between cervical cancer and dietary intake of vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and selenium was examined in a population-based case-control study in Utah. Cervical cancer cases (n = ...266) and population-based controls (n = 408) were interviewed between 1984 and 1987. Protective effects were observed for vitamins A, C, and E and beta-carotene but were attenuated by age, level of education, and lifetime cigarette use. Associated risk (comparing highest with lowest quartiles of intake) went from 0.53 (crude) to 0.71 (adjusted) for vitamin A; from 0.55 (crude) to 0.82 (adjusted) for beta-carotene; from 0.45 (crude) to 0.55 (adjusted) for vitamin C; from 0.58 (crude) to 0.60 (adjusted) for vitamin E; and from 0.95 (crude) to 0.70 (adjusted) for selenium. Adjustment for number of sex partners and church attendance, factors significantly related to cervical cancer risk, only slightly attenuated these adjusted risk estimates.
BACKGROUND
Site of the carcinoma within the colon in relation to age and sex may provide clues into the etiology of the disease. Incidence of colon carcinoma by age, sex, and tumor site at a ...population‐based level are reported infrequently. The goal of this study was to describe the distribution of colon carcinoma (excluding cancers of the rectosigmoid junction and rectum) by age at diagnosis, sex, and site of the tumor within the colon. These factors were also evaluated in conjunction with disease stage at the time of diagnosis.
METHODS
Data from three geographically distinct populations were used to describe rates of colon carcinoma and the distribution of tumors by age, tumor site, and stage at diagnosis. All colon carcinoma cases diagnosed within a 3‐year period within the areas are included.
RESULTS
Approximately 50% of all cancers in men and greater than 50% of cancers in women were in the proximal segment of the colon. Men who were diagnosed prior to age 50 and both men and women diagnosed at age 70 or older had predominantly proximal cancers. People with proximal cancers and people diagnosed prior to age 50 were more likely to have more advanced disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Both men and women have more proximal cancers with advancing age, which are associated with more advanced disease. Observed trends in cancer site distributions could reflect screening practices, environmental and genetic factors, or a combination of these variables. Cancer 1996;78:1666‐70.
Cross-sectional associations between body fat and its distribution and environmental factors influencing energy balance were examined in 5115 young adults. Protein was directly associated with body ...mass index (BMI) in all race and sex groups (P < 0.01) after age, education, cigarette-smoking status, alcohol intake, and physical activity were adjusted for. Carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with BMI in males (P = 0.02). Total physical activity was inversely associated with BMI in white women and with skinfold-thickness measures (P < 0.01) in all groups. Waist-to-hip-circumference ratio (WHCR) was positively associated with total kilojoules (kilocalories) in women, inversely associated with percent of kilojoules (kilocalories) from carbohydrates in whites, grams of crude fiber/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) (except in black men), and physical activity (except in white women). WHCR was directly associated with cigarette smoking except in black men, and with total alcohol intake in men. Beer was consistently associated with WHCR in all race and sex groups.
Personal cigarette smoking and exposure to passive smoke as risk factors for cervical cancer were examined in a population-based, case-control study conducted in Utah. Personal cigarette smoking was ...found to increase the risk of cervical cancer, after adjusting for age, educational level, church attendance, and sexual activity. The adjusted risk estimate associated with being a current smoker was 3.42 (95% confidence interval Cl, 2.10 to 5.57); for having smoked for 5 or more pack-years, it was 2.81 (95% Cl, 1.73 to 4.55); and for having smoked at least 100 lifetime cigarettes, it was 2.21 (95% Cl, 1.44 to 3.39). The adjusted risk estimate (also adjusted for actual cigarettes smoked) associated with passive smoke exposure for 3 or more hours per day was 2.96 (95% Cl, 1.25 to 7.03). Risk from passive smoking was greater in women who were not smokers (odds ratio, 3.43; 95% Cl, 1.23 to 9.54) than in women who smoked (odds ratio, 2.59; 95% Cl, 0.23 to 29.24).
There is a lower incidence of breast cancer among Hispanic women than among non-Hispanic white women. Little is known about the role of diet in this difference.
We examined the associations of ...dietary patterns (Western, Prudent, Native Mexican, Mediterranean, and Dieter) with risk for breast cancer in Hispanic women (757 cases, 867 controls) and non-Hispanic white women (1524 cases, 1598 controls) from the Four-Corners Breast Cancer Study.
Dietary intake, physical activity, and other exposures were assessed by using interviews. Dietary patterns were defined via factor analysis. Risk was assessed by using logistic regression with adjustment for age, center, education, smoking, total activity, calories, dietary fiber, dietary calcium, height, parity, recent hormone exposure, family history of breast cancer, menopausal status, and body mass index × recent hormone exposure.
The Western (odds ratio for highest versus lowest quartile: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.04, 168; P for trend < 0.01) and Prudent (1.42; 1.14, 1.77; P for trend < 0.01) dietary patterns were associated with greater risk, and the Native Mexican (0.68; 0.55, 0.85; P for trend < 0.01) and Mediterranean (0.76; 0.63, 0.92; P for trend < 0.01) dietary patterns were associated with lower risk of breast cancer. Body mass index modified the associations of the Western diet and breast cancer among postmenopausal women and those of the Native Mexican diet among premenopausal women.
Associations of dietary patterns with breast cancer risk varied by menopausal and body mass index status, but there was little difference in associations between non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women.
Tobacco use and colon cancer Slattery, Martha L.; Potter, John D.; Friedman, Gary D. ...
International journal of cancer,
27 January 1997, Letnik:
70, Številka:
3
Journal Article
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