This study examined whether parenting styles mediated the relationship between unsupportive intergenerational co-parenting and children's social competence, and whether the first stage of the ...mediating process, as well as the direct association between unsupportive intergenerational co-parenting and children's social competence, was moderated by maternal psychological flexibility. The theoretical model was tested using data collected from 412 mothers of children aged 3-6 years at four kindergartens in Shanghai, China. The results showed that: (1) unsupportive intergenerational co-parenting was negatively associated with children's social competence through decreased maternal authoritative parenting and increased authoritarian parenting and (2) the first stage of the mediation mechanism was moderated by maternal psychological flexibility. Specifically, unsupportive intergenerational co-parenting was significantly associated with authoritative and authoritarian parenting for mothers with low and high psychological flexibility, respectively, and the magnitude of the association was higher for mothers with low psychological flexibility. These findings extend the understanding of how and when unsupportive intergenerational co-parenting impacts children's social competence.
Insect chitinases (Chts) play a crucial role in the molting process, enabling continuous growth through sequential developmental stages. Based on their high homology to insect Chts, TuCht1 (group ...II), TuCht4 (group I) and TuCht10 (group IV) were identified, and their roles during molting process were investigated. TuCht1 was mainly expressed in the deutonymphal stage, while TuCht4 was mainly expressed in the nymphal stage and the highest expression level of TuCht10 was observed in the larvae. Feeding RNAi assays have shown that group I TuCht4 and group Ⅳ TuCht10 are involved in mite molting. Suppression of TuCht4 or TuCht10 resulted in high mortality, molting abnormalities and the absence of distinct electron dense layers of chitinous horizontal laminae in the cuticle, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocarrier mediated RNAi had significantly higher RNAi efficiency and caused higher mortality. The results of the present study suggest that chitinase genes TuCht4 and TuCht10 are potential targets for dietary RNAi, and demonstrates a nanocarrier-mediated delivery system to enhance the bioactivity of dsRNA, providing a potential technology for green pest management.
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•TuCht1, TuCht4 and TuCht10 differ in expression profile during developmental process.•RNAi showed that Chitinase genes TuCht4 and TuCht10 are involved in mite molting.•Chitinase genes TuCht4 and TuCht10 are potential targets for dietary RNAi.•The nanocarrier can significantly improve the RNAi efficiency.
Purpose This paper expects to analyze the connection between occupational stigma and job meaningfulness among Chinese takeaway riders, the mediating role of occupational identity and relative ...deprivation, and the moderating effect of job stress based on resource conservation theory. Design/methodology/approach The sample was derived from 371 takeaway riders across China. PLS-SEM was mainly utilized for the data analysis. Findings The findings of the study indicated a significant negative correlation between occupational stigma and job meaningfulness. Furthermore, it is worth noting that relative deprivation and occupational identity served as mediators and masks, respectively, in the relationship between occupational stigma and job meaningfulness. Furthermore, job stress amplifies the association between occupational stigma and occupational identity. Additionally, job stress diminishes the connection between occupational stigma and relative deprivation. Originality/value This study proposes a positive correlation between occupational stigma and occupational identity in the Chinese context. It also enriches the empirical research based on resource conservation theory. Furthermore, it holds practical implications for takeaway riders in China, offering insights to bolster their job meaningfulness.
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The aim of present study was to develop a rotigotine (ROT) transdermal patch by converting ROT to a form of deep eutectic ‘liquid co-crystal’. Formulation factors including the type ...of ROT-organic acid deep eutectics, pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs), drug-loading and patch thickness were investigated by in vitro skin permeation study and the optimized patch was evaluated by pharmacokinetics study. It was particularly concerned about the drug-polymer miscibility and skin permeability of ROT-lactic acid deep eutectics (ROT-LA). FTIR study, thermal analysis and molecular modeling were conducted to investigate the drug-PSA interaction. Multiple linear regression was performed to investigate the mechanism of the promoted skin permeability. The results showed that strong interaction was observed between ROT-LA and hydroxyl PSA, which inhibited the formation of ROT crystals. Skin permeability of ROT-organic acids deep eutectics were improved by the variations of apparent partition coefficient and glass transition temperature. AUC0-t and Cmax of optimized patch were 1290.6 ± 102.7 h ng/mL and 60.7 ± 12.0 ng/mL, respectively, which had no significant difference with commercial product. In conclusion, a reduced administration area (75%) and low risk of crystallization were introduced by the ROT deep eutectics, which demonstrated the feasibility of improving drug-polymer miscibility and skin permeability of transdermal drug.
Chitin metabolism has long been considered promising targets for development of biorational pesticides. Considering the increasing challenges of controlling the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus ...urticae Koch, the roles of chitin deacetylases (CDAs) during molting process and mite development are explored. TuCDA1 and TuCDA2 differ in expression patterns during the development process. Feeding of double-strand RNA (dsRNA) against TuCDA1 or TuCDA2 has lethal effects on the mites. Especially TuCDA2 displays a much stronger phenotype than TuCDA1 (p = 0.0003). The treated mites fail to shed the old cuticle and are trapped within exuviate until they die. The aberrant cuticle structure observed by scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) may be responsible for the lethal phenotype of TuCDA1 and TuCDA2 knocked down mites. However, treatment with both dsRNA-CDA1 and dsRNA-CDA2 cannot significantly enhance the lethal effects of dsRNA-CDA2, which indicates partially redundant function of TuCDA1 and TuCDA2. TuCDA2 may play a key role during the molting and development process. Chitin-modifying enzyme such as TuCDA2 is potential target of RNA interference through feeding.
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•TuCDA1 and TuCDA2 differ in expression profile during various developmental stages.•Feeding of dsRNA against TuCDA1 and TuCDA2 has lethal effects on the mites.•Aberrant cuticle structure may explain the lethal effects of TuCDA1 and TuCDA2 RNAi.•Chitin-modifying enzyme such as TuCDA2 is potential target of RNA interference.
Existing person‐centric corporate social responsibility (CSR) research has focused on corporations and neglects the roles of small and medium‐sized tourism enterprises' entrepreneurs. The few studies ...available have also overlooked local factors crucial to small and medium‐sized enterprises. We have introduced the use of sensemaking theory to build a model to illustrate the impact of CSR activities on place attachment. Findings showed that respondents interpret CSR activities as establishing or strengthening place‐social bonding, and define or re‐define themselves based on place, thereby developing place attachment. The main contribution is to break through the organizational and individual levels, connecting people and places to understand the impact of CSR on entrepreneurs' place‐based identity.
