•Ficus petiolaris ethanol extract is effective against M. sacchari in artificial diet bioassays.•The FpR2 fraction of the methanol extract of F. petiolaris had the strongest aphicidal effect against ...Melanaphis sacchari.•Coumarin xanthotoxin was isolated from the active fraction of the ethanol extract of Ficus petiolaris.
In this research, we evaluated the aphicidal effect of the ethanolic extract of stems and bark of Ficus petiolaris Kunth (Moraceae), in laboratory bioassays in an artificial diet against apterous adult females of Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The extract was evaluated at different concentrations (500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 2,500 ppm), and the highest percentage of mortality (82%) was found at 2,500 ppm after 72 h. The positive control imidacloprid (Confial®) at 1% eliminated 100% of the aphids, and the negative control (artificial diet) only presented mortality of 4%. The chemical fractionation of the stem and bark extract of F. petiolaris yielded five fractions of FpR1-5, which were each evaluated at 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 ppm. FpR2 had the strongest aphicidal effect, with 89% mortality at 72 h at 1,000 ppm. The pure xanthotoxin compound extracted from this fraction was even more effective, with 91% aphid mortality after 72 h at 100 ppm. The lethal concentration (LC50) of xanthotoxin was 58.7 ppm (72 h). Our results indicate that the extract of F. petiolaris showed toxic activity against this aphid, and its xanthotoxin compound showed strong aphicidal activity at low concentrations.
Nirsevimab has been recently licensed for universal RSV prophylaxis in infants. NIRSE-GAL is a three-year population-based study initiated in Galicia in September 2023. It aims to evaluate nirsevimab ...effectiveness against RSV-related hospitalizations lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), severe RSV, all-cause LRTI, and all-cause hospitalization. NIRSE-GAL also aims to estimate nirsevimab impact on primary healthcare use in the short and mid-term, children's wheezing and asthma, and medical prescriptions for RSV. The immunization campaigns will be scheduled based on the expected start week for the RSV season and will last the whole season. Immunization will be offered to: i) infants born during the campaign (seasonal), ii) infants < 6 months at the start of the campaign (catch-up), and iii) infants with high-risk factors, aged 6-24 months at the start of the campaign (high-risk). The follow-up period will start: i) the immunization date for all immunized infants, ii) the start of the campaign, for the non-immunized catch-up or high-risk groups, or iii) the birthdate for the non-immunized seasonal group. Infants will be followed up until outcome occurrence, death, or end of study. Nirsevimab effectiveness will be estimated using Poisson and Cox regression models. Sensitivity and stratified analyses will be undertaken. The number of averted cases and the number needed to immunize will be estimated. Immunization failure and nirsevimab safety will be monitored. NIRSE-GAL was approved by the ethics committee of Galicia (CEIC 2023-377) and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT06180993). Findings will be mainly shared via peer-reviewed publications and scientific conferences.
Objetivos.
Identificar y analizar varios tipos de liderazgo y de gestión que podrían aportar al fortalecimiento de los sistemas de salud basados en atención primaria en salud (APS).
Métodos.
Se ...realizó una revisión estructurada de literatura en gestión y liderazgo aplicable a los sistemas de salud basados en APS. De los 19 artículos identificados se extrajeron detalles relevantes usando una abstracción estandarizada.
Resultados.
Los sistemas de salud basados en APS deben establecer prácticas de gestión óptimas para alcanzar la calidad, la eficiencia y la efectividad. La planeación y gestión estratégica facilitan la formación de una identidad común, aunque existen organizaciones sobregerenciadas y pobremente lideradas. La salud universal es un impulso estratégico que requiere de un liderazgo transformador para avanzar hacia sistemas basados en APS. El liderazgo en ellos debe centrarse en identificar los desafíos adaptativos, vincular al personal y proteger el liderazgo de las bases, al igual que debe adaptarse a los momentos y combinar las lógicas de acción del estratega para lograr una transformación sectorial. Los modelos de calidad establecen criterios de liderazgo similares a otras teorías, destacando como aportes la innovación y la identidad organizacional.
Conclusiones.
América Latina debe encaminarse hacia sistemas de salud basados en APS participativos, con líderes con inteligencia emocional, que descubran sus propios eventos transformadores, busquen la calidad y combinen varios tipos de liderazgo. Deben ser estrategas para liderar al sistema en su transición hacia organizaciones resilientes, y “alquimistas” para lograr verdaderas transformaciones en salud, con la voluntad y humildad de quien trabaja para alcanzar la salud universal.
This study aimed to establish factors associated with delayed surgery in patients with proximal femoral fracture and to assess patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after surgery including ...all-cause 6-months mortality. This was a single-center, observational, prospective cohort study that included patients with a proximal femur fracture. We described patients' HRQoL measured by EuroQoL (EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS) questionnaire and perioperative complications (including mortality) 6 months after surgery. We included 163 patients with a mean age of 80.5 years, the majority were women and 76.1% reported falling from their own height. The mean time between hospital admission and surgery was 8.3 days (SD 4.9 days) and the mean hospital stay was 13.5 days (SD 10.4 days). After adjustment, the principal factor associated with delayed surgery was adjournment in surgery authorization (3.7 days). EQ-5D-5L index values and the VAS score at 1 month after surgery were 0.489 and 61.1, at 3 months were 0.613 and 65.8, and at 6 months 0.662 and 66.7 respectively. Mortality at 6 months of follow-up was 11% (18 patients). In conclusion, administrative authorization was the strongest associated factor with delayed time from hospital admission to surgery. HRQoL of patients with a proximal femoral fracture improved 6 months after surgery.Trial registration: NCT04217642.
Mental and neurological disorders are conditions that affect thoughts, emotions, behavior, and relationships. Malpighia mexicana A. Juss. is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine for the ...treatment of such disorders. This work aimed to investigate the antidepressant, anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant effects of the acetonic extract (MmAE) of M. mexicana and its fractions (F3, F4-10, F14) using the forced swimming test (FST), elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT), pentobarbital-induced sleep test (PBTt), and pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure test (PTZt). MmAE, F3, F4-10, F14, and vehicle were administrated orally 24, 18, and 1 h prior to the evaluations. Imipramine (15 mg/kg, p.o.) was administrated 1 h prior to the evaluations as a positive control for the FST, while diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.) was administrated 1 h prior to the evaluations as a positive control for the EPM, OFT, PBTt, and PTZt. MmAE had an anxiolytic effect; MmAE and F3, F4-10, and F14 showed an antidepressant effect, sedative effect, hypnotic effect, and anticonvulsant effect. Using HPLC, we identified the compounds quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (1), kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (2), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (3), quercetin (4), and kaempferol (5) in MmAE and compounds (1), (2), and (3) in F14. Using GC-MS, we identified α-tocopherol, phytol, and β-amyrin in F3; β-tocopherol, phytol, β-sitosterol, and β-amyrin in F4-10; and α- tocopherol, phytol, β-sitosterol, and β-amyrin in F4-10. The neuropharmacological effects found in this work may be due to the presence of vitamins, phytosterols, terpenes, and flavonoids. This research requires further study to clarify the mechanisms of action of the identified compounds.
Galicia (Spain) was one of the first regions worldwide to incorporate nirsevimab for universal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis in infants into its immunisation programme. The NIRSE-GAL ...longitudinal population-based study aimed to assess nirsevimab effectiveness in preventing hospitalisations (ie, admittance to hospital).
The 2023–24 immunisation campaign with nirsevimab in Galicia began on Sept 25, 2023, and concluded on March 31, 2024. The campaign targeted three groups: infants born during the campaign (seasonal group), infants younger than 6 months at the start of the campaign (catch-up group), and infants aged 6–24 months with high-risk factors at the start of the campaign (high-risk group). Infants in the seasonal group were offered immunisation on the first day of life before discharge from hospital. Infants in the catch-up and high-risk groups received electronic appointments to attend a public hospital or health-care centre for nirsevimab administration. For this interim analysis, we used data collected from Sept 25 to Dec 31, 2023, from children born up to Dec 15, 2023. Data were retrieved from public health registries. Nirsevimab effectiveness in preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) hospitalisations; severe RSV-related LRTI requiring intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, or oxygen support; all-cause LRTI hospitalisations; and all-cause hospitalisations was estimated using adjusted Poisson regression models. Data from five past RSV seasons (2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, and 2022–23), excluding the COVID-19 pandemic period, were used to estimate the number of RSV-related LRTI hospitalisations averted along with its IQR. The number needed to immunise to avoid one case in the 2023–24 season was then estimated from the averted cases. Nirsevimab safety was routinely monitored. The NIRSE-GAL study protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06180993), and follow-up of participants is ongoing.
9408 (91·7%) of 10 259 eligible infants in the seasonal and catch-up groups received nirsevimab, including 6220 (89·9%) of 6919 in the catch-up group and 3188 (95·4%) of 3340 in the seasonal group. 360 in the high-risk group were offered nirsevimab, 348 (97%) of whom received it. Only infants in the seasonal and catch-up groups were included in analyses to estimate nirsevimab effectiveness and impact because there were too few events in the high-risk group. In the catch-up and seasonal groups combined, 30 (0·3%) of 9408 infants who received nirsevimab and 16 (1·9%) of 851 who did not receive nirsevimab were hospitalised for RSV-related LRTI, corresponding to an effectiveness of 82·0% (95% CI 65·6–90·2). Effectiveness was 86·9% (69·1–94·2) against severe RSV-related LRTI requiring oxygen support, 69·2% (55·9–78·0) against all-cause LRTI hospitalisations, and 66·2% (56·0–73·7) against all-cause hospitalisations. Nirsevimab effectiveness against other endpoints of severe RSV-related LRTI could not be estimated because of too few events. RSV-related LRTI hospitalisations were reduced by 89·8% (IQR 87·5–90·3), and the number needed to immunise to avoid one RSV-related LRTI hospitalisation was 25 (IQR 24–32). No severe adverse events related to nirsevimab were registered.
Nirsevimab substantially reduced infant hospitalisations for RSV-associated LRTI, severe RSV-associated LRTI requiring oxygen, and all-cause LRTI when given in real-world conditions. These findings offer policy makers and health authorities robust, real-world, population-based evidence to guide the development of strategies for RSV prevention.
Sanofi and AstraZeneca.
For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
RGB-D cameras produce depth and color information commonly used in the 3D reconstruction and vision computer areas. Different cameras with the same model usually produce images with different ...calibration errors. The color and depth layer usually requires calibration to minimize alignment errors, adjust precision, and improve data quality in general. Standard calibration protocols for RGB-D cameras require a controlled environment to allow operators to take many RGB and depth pair images as an input for calibration frameworks making the calibration protocol challenging to implement without ideal conditions and the operator experience. In this work, we proposed a novel strategy that simplifies the calibration protocol by requiring fewer images than other methods. Our strategy uses an ordinary object, a know-size basketball, as a ground truth sphere geometry during the calibration. Our experiments show comparable results requiring fewer images and non-ideal scene conditions than a reference method to align color and depth image layers.
Prostate cancer is a major health problem worldwide. MiR-183 is an oncomiR and a candidate biomarker in prostate cancer, affecting various pathways responsible for disease initiation and progression. ...We sought to discover the most relevant processes controlled by miR-183 through an unbiased transcriptomic approach using prostate cell lines and patient tissues to identify miR-183 responsive genes and pathways. Gain of function experiments, reporter gene assays, and transcript and protein measurements were conducted to validate predicted functional effects and protein mediators. A total of 135 candidate miR-183 target genes overrepresenting cell adhesion terms were inferred from the integrated transcriptomic analysis. Cell attachment, spreading assays and focal adhesion quantification of miR-183-overexpressing cells confirmed the predicted reduction in cell adhesion.
was validated as a major target of repression by miR-183 as well as a mediator of cell adhesion in response to miR-183. The reporter gene assay and PAR-CLIP read mapping suggest that ITGB1 may be a direct target of miR-183. The negative correlation between miR-183 and
expression in prostate cancer cohorts supports their interaction in the clinical set. Overall, cell adhesion was uncovered as a major pathway controlled by miR-183 in prostate cancer, and ITGB1 was identified as a relevant mediator of this effect.
West Nile virus in golden eagles, Spain, 2007 Jiménez-Clavero, Miguel Angel; Sotelo, Elena; Fernandez-Pinero, Jovita ...
Emerging infectious diseases
14, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Introducción: La fractura de cadera constituye una causa importante de morbilidad, deterioro funcional y mortalidad en los adultos mayores. Un mayor tiempo hasta el manejo quirúrgico afecta la ...supervivencia y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Nuestro objetivo fue describir los factores asociados con el retraso quirúrgico y evaluar la calidad de vida y mortalidad a 3 meses, en pacientes llevados a cirugía por fractura proximal de fémur.
Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva. Se evaluaron causas médicas y administrativas del retraso quirúrgico. Se aplicó encuesta sociodemográfica y clínica. La calidad de vida fue evaluada por medio del instrumento validado EQ-5D-5L. Se realizó seguimiento de los pacientes a los 30 y 90 días del posoperatorio. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, curvas de Kaplan-Meier y la prueba de Wilcoxon para evaluar los desenlaces. Identificador ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04217642.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 130 pacientes, el promedio de edad fue de 78.9 años (DE 14.9). La mayoría con clasificación ASA II (53.1%) y con un índice de Charlson promedio de 4.7 (DE 1.9). En el 76.2% la causa de la fractura fue la caída desde la propia altura. El promedio de tiempo desde el ingreso hasta el manejo quirúrgico definitivo fue de 8.5 días (DE 5.1), elevando el riesgo de muerte en 6.9% (p=0.008). La demora en la autorización de la cirugía, los eventos médicos generados durante el ingreso, la solicitud de valoración por especialidades médicas adicionales y el sexo estuvieron asociados de manera estadísticamente significativa con un tiempo de retraso de 4.65, 3.29, 3.08 y 2.13 días, respectivamente. La calidad de vida (índice EQ-5D-5L) al ingreso fue en promedio de 0.137, con una tendencia hacia el aumento a los 30 días (0.464) y 90 días (0.586). Se reportó mortalidad en 14 pacientes (10.7%) a los 90 días de seguimiento.
Conclusiones: Los principales factores relacionados con el retraso quirúrgico fueron administrativos como la autorización de la cirugía. A los 3 meses de seguimiento, la calidad de vida mejoró considerablemente respecto a la valoración prequirúrgica y hubo baja mortalidad en la población estudiada.
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