The aim of this study was to compare blood pressure (BP) behavior and heart rate variability (HRV) among hypertensive stage I and normotensive individuals who were submitted to the cranial technique ...of the 4th ventricle compression (CV4), an osteopathic technique.
In this experimental controlled study, thirty men between 40 and 60 years old were evaluated and divided into two groups: normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT). The CV4 maneuver was applied in both groups and BP was measured at 5 (five) different stages: pre and post-intervention, 5, 10 and 15min after technique. Time-frequency parameters were obtained from measurements of RR intervals. Data were analyzed using an ANOVA two-way for analysis of the condition factor (NT and HT) and times with p-value ≤ .05.
There was a reduction in the BP of the HT group. A significant intergroup difference (p = .01) was noticed, with respect to the standard deviation of successive normal R-R intervals (SDNN) values, mainly between pre-intervention and 15min stages. Concerning root mean square of the mean squared differences (RNSSD) values, the highlights were differences between pre-intervention and 10min (p = .01) only in the NT group. There was an increase in high frequencies (HF) values and a low frequencies (LF) attenuation in both groups at all different stages.
The data showed a BP reduction in the HT group in pre-intervention/15min and an increase in parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity in both groups. This suggests a change in the sympathetic-vagal balance. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the data on BP reduction mechanisms with CV4.
O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a atividade elétrica dos músculos vasto medial (VM) e do vasto lateral (VL) em duas angulações distintas (70° e 90° de flexão de joelho) durante a contração ...voluntária isométrica máxima (CVIM) realizada no exercício de agachamento. Foram selecionados 15 sujeitos do sexo masculino, voluntários e destreinados há mais de 12 meses em relação ao treinamento de força (idade: 28.0 ± 4.6 anos, estatura: 180.0 ± 5.2 cm, massa corporal: 80.0 ± 3.2 kg e IMC: 24.2 ± 1.6 kg/m²). Os sujeitos realizaram 3 CVIM com exercícios de agachamento a 70° e 90° de flexão de joelho. O protocolo de coleta de dados ocorreu em dois dias não consecutivos: 1º dia - mensurações antropométricas e realização de três CVIM a 70°; 2º dia - realização de três CVIM a 90°. Para a normalização dos dados foi adotada a média dos valores em RMS. Os procedimentos metodológicos seguiram as recomendações da ISEK. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças significativas (p > .05) entre as angulações para: VL 70° vs VM 70°; VL 90° vs VM 90°; VL 70° vs VL 90°; VM 70° vs VM 90°. Estes resultados permitem concluir existir um equilíbrio na atividade elétrica entre o vasto lateral e o vasto medial durante a realização das CVIM em sujeitos destreinados.
Campos Jr JC, Leporace G, Maior AS Countermovement Jump Test Performance in Different Sports Modalities. JEPonline 2018; 22(5):172-182. The purpose of this study was to quantify the correlation of ...different phases of the countermovement jump test and jump height between different sports modalities. The subjects consisted of 45 male professional athletes (MMA fighters, Professional soccer players, and Rugby players) and 14 physically active males were subjects in this study. The subjects' training frequency was 6.1 + or - 0.5 d*wk.sup.-1 and at least 540 min*wk.sup.-1 of moderate to high-intensity with training programs consisting of resistance exercise, aerobic training, and specific exercise to each sports modality. The subjects in the control group did not perform any specific exercises. All subjects performed 3 practices CMJ trials followed by 3 CMJ trials and 1 min rest between trials. All tests were performed on the force platform. Significantly (P<0.001) improved jump height was evident in the MMA fighters and professional soccer players (37.7 + or - 7.4 cm and 41.6 + or - 6.1 cm, respectively) in relation to the rugby and the control groups (30.4 + or - 4.6 cm and 28.6 + or - 3.6 cm, respectively). Pearson's analysis demonstrated that jump height was significantly correlated with push-off and landing phases in the MMA fighters, but not with the rugby athletes, the professional soccer players, and the control group. Soccer players and MMA fighters showed greater jump height than the Rugby players and the control subjects, with the fighters relying more on push off forces to achieve peak power output, while soccer players used other neuromuscular characteristics. Key Words: Countermovement, Jump Test, Power Output, Sport
The purpose of this investigation was to compare ankle functional performance and ankle range of motion (ROM) between practitioners of resistance exercise (RE) with free-weights versus machines. ...Twenty-five men participated in this study. They were separated into two groups: (a) Free-weights; and (b) Machines. All subjects practiced regularly RE 5.3±0.7 d∙wk-1 and low aerobic training of 1.2±0.5 d∙wk-1 with a total time volume of 254.9±9.4 min∙wk-1. ROM measurements were taken in both ankles with a digital goniometer. Active ankle-dorsiflexion and plantar flexion range of motion were measured with subjects lying prone with an extended knee on a standard treatment table. The rising on the heel and the rising on toes were used to assess endurance of the ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles, respectively. Ankle functional stability was assessed with the Single Leg Hop Test in both limbs. Ankle-dorsiflexion ROM showed a significant difference (Δ% left=21.1%; Δ% right=25.8%; P<0.01) between the Machines Group when compared to the Free-weights Group. Rising on the heel and rising on the toes showed no significant differences between the 2 groups (i.e., free-weights versus machines) (P>0.05). On the other hand, the Single Leg Hop Test (Δ% left=16.3%; Δ% right=15.4%; P<0.05) and number of jumps (Δ% left=27.9 %; Δ% right=26.1 %; P<0.05) recorded were lower in the Free-weights Group compared to the Machines Group. This study found a greater ankle-dorsiflexion ROM and performance during the Single Leg Hop Test in practitioners of RE with free-weights, showing a better control of sagittal plane movements.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar como reagem os indivíduos submetidos à aplicação prévia ao teste de 10 Repetições Máximas (RM) da Eletroestimulação (EE) e do aquecimento específico (AQ), ...comparando os ganhos de força e a percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) entre ambos. Foram utilizados 15 homens, voluntários, aparentemente saudáveis, com idade média entre 21± 3 anos, peso 70±9,1 Kg, altura 172±5 cm. Os indivíduos eram familiarizados, há mais de 6 meses, com o treinamento de força, exercitando-se pelo menos três vezes por semana. Os exercícios selecionados foram o leg press e o supino reto, tendo sido utilizado o teste 10 RM, como método de medida não invasiva da força muscular, e a EE, através de um aparelho de corrente russa (Advice Master – Brasil). A EE foi aplicada em cada indivíduo por 10 minutos (quadríceps e peitoral), antes do teste de 10 RM, em uma freqüência de 50 Hz, relação de fase de 50%, com contrações de 30s e repouso de 20s, através de eletrodos de superfície. Para a realização do AQ foi adotada a realização de duas séries de 15 repetições (carga moderada), com o intervalo de recuperação entre elas de 60 segundos. Os indivíduos realizavam, primeiramente, o teste de 10 RM após a aplicação da EE e, 48h após o 1º teste, realizavam o 2º teste com o AQ. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste t Student pareado, sendo verificada a Correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis. Os resultados mostraram não haver diferença significativa entre a EE e o AQ prévio ao teste de 10 RM nos exercícios de supino reto (EE - 78,4± 29,6; AQ – 77,6± 30; p=1,000) e de leg press (EE – 317,8±101; AQ – 317,8± 94; p=0,53), entretanto, a PSE mostrou aumento significativo no AQ em relação à EE (p£0,02). Em ambas as situações, apresentaram ganhos de força de forma independente, tais como: 1) na EE, a produção de força ocorreu pelo maior impulso elétrico, que gera uma contração isométrica involuntária, em relação ao músculo contraído voluntariamente; e 2) no AQ, o aumento da redistribuição do sangue e o aumento da irrigação dos músculos garantem o suprimento de O2, que favorece o metabolismo muscular e a familiarização com o movimento específico do exercício.
Rodrigues B, Maior AS, Sakugawa R, Bezerra E. Acute Effects of Fixed Rest Time during Multiple Sets on Upper Limbs Performance. JEPonline 2018;21(3):86-93. This study analyzed the acute effects of a ...2-min rest interval on range of motion (ROM), blood lactate, and myoelectric activation (sEMG). Ten healthy resistance-trained men participated in the experimental protocol. Previously, they performed test and retest of 10RM (repetition maximum) on bench press (BP). After 48 hrs, the myoelectric activation on upper trunk and arm muscles; ROM elbow flexion; and blood lactate level were monitored before, during, and after 3 sets of BP with a 2-min rest interval between sets. Triceps brachii sEMG showed a decrease in set 2 and set 3 when compared to set 1 (P<0.05). Rectus abdominis sEMG increased in set 3 when compared to sets 1 and 2 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on myoelectric activity for the pectoralis major and anterior deltoid between sets (P>0.05) and phases (P>0.05), respectively. Elbow flexion showed a higher ROM during set 1 when compared to sets 2 and 3 (P<0.05). Elbow extension showed no significant difference between sets (P>0.05). Blood lactate showed increase over the periods (set 3> set 2> set 1> rest, P<0.05). Absolute load volume was lower in set 3 in relation to set 2 and set 1 (P<0.05). We conclude that the fixed interval of 2 min is not sufficient to control for reduction in performance during bench press with load of 10RM. Thus, we suggest a rest time >2 min for better performance in this specific exercise for multiple sets. Key Words: Electromyography, Kinematic, Resistance Training
The purpose of thisstudy was to determine the correlation between performancevariables of soccer match-play and levels of plasma creatinekinase (CK). The subjects consisted of 20 healthy ...maleprofessional soccer players from a Brazilian first divisionsoccer club. They were investigated over 10 matches with 3.5days between each match. Plasma CK was measured atbaseline (before match #1) and 48 hrs after each match, withCK ratio representing the post-match value normalized to thebaseline CK value. Training load was quantified using totaldistance covered, frequency of efforts, maximal speed duringmatches, and player load. No significant between-matchdifference was observed for plasma CK post-match(P=0.060), CK ratio (P=0.054) or any other training loadvariable (P≥0.181); player load was significantly differentbetween matches (P=0.015) with no significant pair wisecomparisons (all P≥0.05). Match-averaged maximal speedwas significantly correlated with both match-averaged plasmaCK 48 hrs post-match (r = 0.448, P=0.048) and plasma CK ratio (r = 0.471, P=0.036). This correlation provides information about aspects of physicalrecovery and the prevention of muscle damage in elite soccer players.
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