Since the hepatosplanchnic region plays a central role in development of multiple-organ failure and infections in critically ill trauma patients, this study focuses on the influence of glutamine, ...peptide, and synbiotics on intestinal permeability and clinical outcome.
One hundred thirteen multiple injured patients were prospectively randomized into 4 groups: group A, glutamine; B, fermentable fiber; C, peptide diet; and D, standard enteral formula with fibers combined with Synbiotic 2000 (Synbiotic 2000 Forte; Medifarm, Sweden), a formula containing live lactobacilli and specific bioactive fibers. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by measuring lactulose-mannitol excretion ratio on days 2, 4, and 7.
No differences in days of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, or multiple-organ failure scores were found between the patient groups. A total of 51 infections, including 38 pneumonia, were observed, with only 5 infections and 4 pneumonias in group D, which was significantly less than combined infections (p = .003) and pneumonias (p = .03) in groups A, B, and C. Intestinal permeability decreased only in group D, from 0.148 (0.056-0.240) on day 4 to 0.061 (0.040-0.099) on day 7; (p < .05). In group A, the lactulose-mannitol excretion ratio increased significantly (p < .02) from 0.050 (0.013-0.116) on day 2 to 0.159 (0.088-0.311) on day 7. The total gastric retention volume in 7 days was 1150 (785-2395) mL in group D, which was significantly more than the 410 (382-1062) mL in group A (p < .02), and 620 (337-1190) mL in group C (p < .03).
Patients supplemented with synbiotics did better than the others, with lower intestinal permeability and fewer infections.
This randomised, double-blinded, single-centre study prospectively investigated the impact of goal directed therapy and fluid optimization with crystalloids or colloids on perioperative complications ...in patients undergoing brain tumour surgery. Main aim of the study was to investigate the impact of fluid type on postoperative complications.
80 patients were allocated into two equal groups to be optimised with either crystalloids (n = 40) or colloids (n = 40). Invasive hemodynamic monitoring was used to adjust and maintain mean arterial pressure and cerebral oxygenation within the baseline values (± 20%) and stroke volume variation (SVV) ≤ 10%. Postoperative complications from different organ systems were monitored during the first 15 days after surgery. Hospital stay was also recorded.
Crystalloid group received significantly more fluids (p = 0.003) and phenylephrine (p = 0.02) compared to colloid group. This did not have any significant impact on perioperative complications and hospital stay, since no differences between groups were observed.
Either crystalloids or colloids could be used for fluid optimization in brain tumour surgery. If protocolised perioperative haemodynamic management is used, the type of fluid does not have significant impact on the outcome.
Intraoperative fluid management is a crucial aspect of cancer surgery, including colorectal surgery and pancreatoduodenectomy. The study tests if intraoperative multimodal monitoring reduces ...postoperative morbidity and duration of hospitalisation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery treated by the same anaesthetic protocols with epidural analgesia.
A prospective study was conducted in 2 parallel groups. High-risk surgical patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were randomly selected in the control group (CG), where standard monitoring was applied (44 patients), and the protocol group (PG), where cerebral oxygenation and extended hemodynamic monitoring were used with the protocol for intraoperative interventions (44 patients).
There were no differences in the median length of hospital stay, CG 9 days (interquartile range IQR 8 days), PG 9 (5.5), p = 0.851. There was no difference in postoperative renal of cardiac impairment. Procalcitonin was significantly higher (highest postoperative value in the first 3 days) in CG, 0.75 mcg/L (IQR 3.19 mcg/L), than in PG, 0.3 mcg/L (0.88 mcg/L), p = 0.001. PG patients received a larger volume of intraoperative fluid; median intraoperative fluid balance +1300 ml (IQR 1063 ml) than CG; +375 ml (IQR 438 ml), p < 0.001.
There were significant differences in intraoperative fluid management and vasopressor use. The median postoperative value of procalcitonin was significantly higher in CG, suggesting differences in immune response to tissue trauma in different intraoperative fluid status, but there was no difference in postoperative morbidity or hospital stay.
Objective
The consumption of opioid analgesics could be reduced by the use of analgesics with different mechanisms of action. We investigated whether additional treatment with dexmedetomidine or ...lidocaine could reduce opioid consumption.
Methods
We randomized 59 study participants into three groups and examined: (i) fentanyl consumption, (ii) consumption of piritramide, and (iii) cognitive function and neuropathic pain. The control group received continuous propofol infusion and fentanyl boluses. Continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/kg/h) was administered to the dexmedetomidine group and lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg/h) was administered to the lidocaine group.
Results
No reduction in fentanyl consumption was observed among the groups. However, we noted a significantly lower consumption of piritramide on the first and second postoperative day in the lidocaine group. Total consumption of piritramide was significantly lower in the lidocaine group compared with the control group.
Conclusions
Lidocaine and dexmedetomidine reduced intraoperative propofol consumption, while lidocaine reduced postoperative piritramide consumption.
Clinical trial registration: NCT02616523
Izhodišča: Bolečina v križu je zelo pogosto stanje, vendar zanjo pogosto ne najdemo jasnega vzroka. Poleg farmakoloških in nefarmakoloških ukrepov jo zdravimo tudi z invazivnimi pristopi. Primerjali ...smo razlike glede jakosti, kakovosti bolečine, porabe analgetikov ter kakovosti življenja med skupinama bolnikov z blokado prožilnih točk in rentgensko vodeno blokado na dan posega, po enem in treh mesecih po blokadi. Metode: V prospektivno randomizirano raziskavo smo vključili 45 bolnikov s kroničnimi bolečinami v križu, pri katerih smo se odločili za invazivni pristop k zdravljenju. Bolnike smo razdelili v dve skupini glede na vrsto blokade. S pomočjo McGillovega vprašalnika o bolečini in Kratkega vprašalnika o bolečini smo na dan posega, nato po 1 mesecu in 3 mesecih ocenili kakovost bolečine, jakost bolečine, kakovost življenja in porabo analgetikov. Rezultati: Skupini sta primerljivi v demografskih podatkih, statusu zaposlenosti in porabi analgetikov. Pri bolnikih z ledveno blokado prožilnih točk je bil statistično pomembno nižji časovni potek bolečine po McGillovem vprašalniku po 1 mesecu in 3 mesecih (po 1 mesecu: 3,8 vs. 5,7; p = 0,01; po 3 mesecih 3,8 vs. 5,5; p = 0,01). Bolniki v tej skupini so po 1 mesecu statistično pomembno lažje hodili (5,9 vs. 7,4; p = 0,03). Vpliv bolečine na kakovost življenja je bil 1 mesec po blokadi prožilnih točk statistično pomembno manjši v primerjavi z rentgensko vodeno blokado (40,9 vs. 48,3; p = 0,04), po 3 mesecih pa se v obeh skupinah primerljivo pozna ugoden učinek blokade (40 vs. 45,6; p = 0,2). Kakovost spanja se je v skupini z rentgensko vodeno blokado pomembno izboljšala po 1 mesecu po blokadi (7,1 vs. 5,1; p = 0,01). Zaključek: Naša raziskava prvič v Sloveniji primerja učinkovitost blokade prožilnih točk in rentgensko vodene blokade mediane veje zadnje veje spinalnega živca. Tudi v literaturi nismo našli podobnih raziskav. V naši raziskavi smo ugotovili izboljšano kakovost spanja pri skupini z rentgensko blokado; v tej skupini je bil tudi manjši vpliv bolečine na kakovost življenja. Izboljšanje kakovosti življenja smo opazovali tudi pri skupini z blokado prožilnih točk.
Fluid optimisation in pancreas surgery JENKO, MATEJ; POŽAR-LUKANOVIĆ, NEVA; PERIĆ, MLADEN ...
Signa vitae,
01/2019, Letnik:
15, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Background. Optimal intravascular blood volume, cardiac output and sufficient oxygen supply is a mainstay in major abdominal surgery. Adequate haemodynamic management can improve a favourable outcome ...and shorten the duration of hospital stay.
Our study anticipated different fluid and vasoactive drug consumption and less complications during the pancreatic surgery in the group of patients where extended haemodynamic monitoring was applied.
Materials and methods. 59 adult patients, ASA 2-3, undergoing elective pancreas surgery, were included in the study. In 29 patients in the study group (SG – extended haemodynamic monitoring), cardiac index (CI), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and nominal stroke index (SI) were maintained within 80% of baseline values with actions following study protocol. Patients’ groups were homogenous, even when divided into 4 subgroups (control group (CG) and without epidural catheter (EC), CG and with EC, SG and without EC, SG and with EC).
Intraoperative variables (amount of fluids, vasopressors, surgery duration) and hospitalisation duration, wound healing, reoperation, mortality and other complication were recorded on the postoperative days 3, 5, 8, 15 and on hospital discharge.
Results. There was no difference in ASA health status, intraoperative management and duration of hospitalisation in 4 subgroups. There is a significant difference in intraoperative use of vasopressor support between 4 subgroups (Fisher exact test, p=0,032). All patients in SG with EC required vasopressors. Number of patients with major complications were not statistically different between groups. Pulmonary embolism, postoperative food intolerance and myocardial infarction have occurred only in CG.
Conclusion. In our study there was no difference in overall fluid and vasoactive drug demand. Although in the studied subgroup of patients with additional epidural anaesthesia there was significantly increased demand for vasoactive drugs. The incidence of complication was low in both groups, however, some of major complications occurred only in CG.
Perioperativni čustveni stres je za bolnika slaba izkušnja, ki ima negativne posledice. Zmanjšamo ga lahko s farmakološkimi ali nefarmakološkimi metodami. Medicinska hipnoza je nefarmakološka metoda, ...ki zmanjša perioperativni stres in bolečino. Hipnosedacija je anestezijska tehnika, pri kateri se medicinska hipnoza uporablja kot dodatek k lokalni ali področni anesteziji ob sedaciji ali analgeziji. Izboljša udobje med posegom, zmanjša občutek tesnobe, bolečine, porabo anksiolitikov in analgetikov, izboljša pogoje za operacijo in skrajša čas okrevanja. Uporablja se le pri določenih kirurških posegih in pri izbranih bolnikih. Multimodalna strategija zdravljenja vključuje tako farmakološke kot nefarmakološke pristope. Medicinska hipnoza se lahko uporablja kot sredstvo, ki učinkovito dopolnjuje perioperativno zdravljenje.
Uvod: O kronični pooperativni bolečini govorimo, kadar ne najdemo drugega vzroka za njen nastanek in ko traja dlje kot 2 meseca po operaciji. Pojavi se pri 10-50 % bolnikov po velikih abdominalnih ...operacijah. Podskupina kronične bolečine, ki jo je najtežje zdraviti, je kronična nevropatska bolečina. Medoperativna epiduralna analgezija in infuzija deksmedetomidina lahko vplivata na incidenco kronične pooperativne bolečine in na incidenco nevropatske bolečine.
Metode: V prospektivno raziskavo smo vključili odrasle kirurške bolnike, sprejete na KO za abdominalno kirurgijo, pri katerih je bila načrtovana operacija želodca, operacija trebušne slinavke ali operacija črevesja. Vsi bolniki so imeli epiduralno analgezijo in medoperativno infuzijo deksmedetomidina. Tri mesece po operaciji smo bolnikom poslali vprašalnike. Ocenjevali smo jakost in vrsto bolečine. Za oceno smo uporabili DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique 4) in vprašalnik painDetect.
Rezultati: Prejeli smo 42 (50 %) pravilno izpolnjenih vprašalnikov DN4 in 45 (53 %) vprašalnikov painDetect. V naši raziskavi je bila incidenca kronične bolečine 25 %, nevropatske bolečine 7,1 % (3 bolniki so izpolnjevali merila za nevropatsko bolečino po vprašalniku DN4).
Zaključek: Rezultati naše prospektivne raziskave nakazujejo, da bi lahko medoperativna uporaba epiduralne analgezije in infuzije deksmedetomidina zmanjšala pojav pooperativne kronične bolečine.
BACKGROUND: Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) with hemodynamic monitoring may not be of benefit to all elective patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, particularly those managed in enhanced ...recovery after surgery protocols (ERAS) setting. AIMS: We predicted different fluid and vasoactive drug consumption during the procedure and less complications in the group of patients, where invasive hemodynamic monitoring was used. METHODS: Two groups of patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery were compared: A control group (CG), with standard hemodynamic monitoring, and a study group, (SG) with invasive hemodynamic monitoring and appropriate intraoperative interventions. We compared differences in intraoperative fluid consumption, length of hospital stay (LOS) and post-operative morbidity. RESULTS: A group of 29 patients in SG had similar average intraoperative fluid balance (+438 mL) as 27 patients in CG (+345 mL) p = 0.432. Average LOS was 8 days (±4) in SG and 6 days (±1) in CG (p = 0.124). Acute renal failure, anastomotic dehiscence, and indication for antibiotic treatment were predictors of statistically significant prolongation of hospital stay 3rd day after surgery, but independent of SG. CONCLUSION: Since no differences between the groups were shown in overall fluid and vasoactive drug consumption, we conclude that GDFT is not needed in laparoscopic colorectal surgery, when ERAS is followed.
Background: Early enteral nutrition (EN) after injury reduces septic complications, but upper digestive intolerance (UDI) occurring immediately post-trauma is a risk factor for pneumonia. Our study ...aimed to determine whether early intragastric feeding may lead to gastric intolerance and subsequent pneumonia in ventilated multiply injured patients.
Methods: This prospective study involved two groups of patients randomized either to immediate intragastric EN, or to delayed intragastric EN started later than 24
h after admission. UDI was diagnosed when gastric residual volume, measured with a 50-ml syringe after stopping the feeding for 2
h, exceeded 200
ml at least at two consecutive measurements, and/or when vomiting occurred.
Results: Out of 52 patients, 27 were included in the early EN group, and 25 in the delayed-EN group. On day 4, the early EN group received a greater amount of feeding because of intolerance problems occurring in the delayed-EN group (1175±485
ml vs. 803±545
ml). Twenty-five subjects—33% of the early EN patients and 64% of the delayed-EN patients—met the criteria for pneumonia (
P=0.050). On average, patients with pneumonia were older, more severely injured, and therefore required more ventilator days and a longer stay in the intensive care unit than patients without pneumonia.
Conclusions: If properly administered, early enteral nutrition can decrease the incidence of upper intestinal intolerance and nosocomial pneumonia in patients with multiple injuries.
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