Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) adalah anggota genus Begomovirus, yang menyebabkan penyakit daun keriting kuning pada tanaman cabai di Indonesia. Virus ini ditularkan oleh vektor Bemisia tabaci ...(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi guano dalam menekan penyakit daun keriting kuning pada cabai. Percobaan lapangan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan faktorial dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah kultivar cabai (‘Gelora’, ‘Bara’, dan ‘Pelita 8’) dan faktor kedua adalah perlakuan filtrat guano (sebelum inokulasi virus, 1 minggu setelah inokulasi virus, 2 minggu setelah inokulasi virus, inokulasi virus tanpa guano, dan tanpa inokulasi virus atau guano). Inokulasi virus dilakukan menggunakan B. tabaci. Secara umum, gejala muncul 1 hingga 3 minggu setelah inokulasi meskipun periode inkubasi bervariasi antara kultivar cabai. Gejala mosaik hijau dengan daun keriting sebagian besar ditemukan pada ‘Gelora’, sedangkan gejala menguning dengan daun melengkung ke atas sebagian besar ditemukan pada ‘Bara’ dan ‘Pelita 8’. Infeksi Begomovirus pada tanaman yang menunjukkan gejala telah dikonfirmasi melalui metode polymerase chain reaction. Perlakuan guano tidak menyebabkan penghambatan pada insidensi dan keparahan penyakit; demikian juga, tidak memengaruhi tinggi tanaman dan periode berbunga.
Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) is one of important virus which infects soybean and become an endemic disease since the first time reported in Java and Sumatra. Research was conducted to study the ...host range of CPMMV and to evaluate response of new type soybean varieties to CPMMV specific isolate. Host range study of CPMMV CR16 isolate was conducted by sap transmission method to 11 species of indicator plants, whereas evaluation of soybean response involved 10 varieties. The resistance response of soybean variety was based on incubation period, and of either the disease incidence or severity. Virus infection on test plants were confirmed by dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) using specific CPMMV antisera. The CPMMV CR16 isolate was able to infect systemically 8 plant species belongs to Leguminoceae, and Solancaeae; while the virus caused local infection on Amaranthaceae. All plant species infected systemically proved to become sources of inoculum for CPMMV when they used in back inoculation to soybean. Response of soybean varieties to CPMMV CR16 isolate can be categorized into susceptible (Detam 1, Detam 2, Detam 3, Anjasmoro, Wilis), moderated (Detam 4, Malika, Dena 1) and resistant (Argomulyo and Grobogan).
Detection of Turnip mosaic virus in seed and leaf tissue. The study was conducted to test the seed transmission efficiency of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) on caisin (Brassica rapa) and the ...susceptibility of plant to the virus at different ages. Two detection techniques, ELISA and RT-PCR, were used to determine the more appropriate method for detection of TuMV. Two different sources of seeds involved those from farmer and commercial seeds were collected from West Java and Central Java. TuMV was inoculated on test plants at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after transplanting. Infected plants were confirmed using ELISA and RT-PCR techniques with specific antiserum and primer. TuMV was detected from farmer seeds originated from Ciherang and Cinangneng with percent infection of 15% and 2% , respectively. Plant growth and symptom development were affected by time of infection. In general, TuMV infection caused symptoms, mosaic, malformation, vein clearing, and blister on the leaf. The youngest plants were more susseptble and shown more severe symptoms. Absorbent value of ELISA from infected plants was in the range of 2.1 – 2.4. Spesific DNA band, 800 bp, was amplified from infected plants.
Mosaic disease in yard long bean is caused by Bean common mosaic potyvirus (BCMV) and has been reported to affect yield. Common method to detect infection of BCMV involves serological assay and ...polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The aims of this research is to assess the sensitivity of three methods, i.e. Indirect Enzym-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA), Dot Immunobinding Assay (DIBA), and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR as detection method for BCMV infection in yard long bean. Sensitivity level of the methods was evaluated by diluting plant extract and antisera for I-ELISA and DIBA, and cDNA as template in RT-PCR. Virus isolate from Cirebon was maintained in yard long bean in screenhouse and used for the assessment. Absorbance value of ELISA showed that dilution end point for I-ELISA was reached at 10-3 and 10-2 of plant extract and antisera dilution, respectively. Positive infection was still detected using DIBA when the plant extract was diluted up to 10-5 based on development of color intensity on nitrocellulose membrane. Specific viral DNA fragment was still amplified when cDNA was diluted up to 10-4, indicated higher sensitivity level of RT-PCR method.
Indicator Plant and PCR-RAPD for Biotype Determination of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).B. tabaci has been known world wide as a major pest and virus vector of horticulture. In ...Indonesia the presence of B.tabaci was reported since 1980 and its role as virus vector in tomato and chilli pepper has becoming more importantrecently. Genetic diversity of B. tabaci has been well recognized, but very little information available for diversity of B.tabaci in Indonesia. This research was conducted in Bogor, West Java from May 2004 to June 2005. The aim of thisresearch was to initiate basic information regarding genetic diversity of B. tabaci in Indonesia, particularly in Java Island.Whiteflies population collected from different crops, i.e. tomato, broccoli, chill pepper, eggplant, cucumber, soybean, andedamame, was evaluated using silverleaf-induction test, and RAPD-PCR. It was evidenced that only B. tabaci populationfrom broccoli was able to induce silverleaf. Two genetic types of B. tabaci, i.e. biotype B and non B, were identified basedon polymorphism character of DNA. Population from broccoli was belong to biotype B, whereas other populations fromtomato, chill pepper, eggplant, cucumber, soybean, and edamame were belong to biotype non B.
Bemisia tabaci is a species of sap-sucking insect belonging to the Aleyrodidae and are commonly known as whiteflies. The species is made up of a complex of distinct genetic groups which have a strong ...geographic pattern to their genetic structure. Two members of this complex known as the B and Q biotypes have proven to be particularly invasive, spreading with the aid of trade in ornamental plants, well beyond their home ranges across the Mediterranean Basin, Middle East and Asia Minor. This study uses DNA microsatellites to identify another biological invasion this time involving a B. tabaci from south east Asia. We provide evidence which supports an invasion sometime between 1994 and 1999 of B. tabaci from central Thailand into the Indonesian islands of Sumatra then Java and Bali. The invasion is also associated with the invasion of pepper yellow leaf curl virus, a begomovirus transmitted by B. tabaci, which is also shown to have a probable origin in the same geographic region as the invading whitefly. The consequences of the invasion of a plant-infecting virus and its vector has been a massive increase in the scale and impact of begomoviruses in tomato and chilli production which has seen regional bans imposed on the planting of chilli, an important cash crop for many village farmers in Sumatra and Java.
Molecular identification of bean common mosaic virus associated with yellow mosaic disease on yard long bean. Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) has been reported as one of the causal agents of yellow ...mosaic disease on yard long bean in West Java and Central Java. Infected plants showed mosaic, yellowing, and mixture of yellow mosaic. The research was conducted to identify the diversity of BCMV associated with yellow mosaic disease based on coat protein (CP) gene sequences. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected from yard long bean growing areas in several districts in West Java (Bogor, Cirebon, Subang, and Indramayu), and several districts in Central Java (Tegal, Klaten, Solo, Yogjakarta, Sleman, and Magelang). Molecular detection using RT-PCR method was carried out by using specific primer to BCMV which will amplify the CP gene. DNA fragment, + 860 bp in size, was successfully amplified from 8 out of 13 leaf samples, i.e samples from three villages in Bogor District (Cangkurawok, Bubulak, Bojong), and five samples from District of Cirebon, Subang, Solo, Sleman, and Tegal. Sequence analysis of those DNA fragment showed that 4 isolates (Bogor-Cangkurawok, Subang, Solo and Sleman) had the highest homology to BCMV-BlC from Taiwan, whereas 2 isolates (Cirebon and Tegal) had the highest homology to BCMVNL1 from England. Further, phyllogenetic analysis revealed that those of 4 isolates were closely related to BCMV-BlC from Taiwan based on nucleotide as well as amino acid sequences; while those other 2 isolates were closely related to BCMV-NL1 from England based on nucleotide sequences but closely related to BCMV-BlC Y from China based on amino acid sequences. Phyllogenetic analysis showed that those of 6 BCMV isolates separated in two different clusters; 4 isolates (Bogor- Cangkurawok, Subang, Solo, and Sleman) in cluster 1 together with BCMV-BlC from Taiwan, while other 2 isolates (Cirebon and Tegal) in cluster 2 together with BCMV-NL1.
Infeksi patogen tanaman merupakan salah satu penyebab menurunnya produksi bawang merah di Indonesia. Salah satu penyakit utama pada bawang merah adalah busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan oleh ...infeksi Fusarium oxysporum. Infeksi Fusarium patogenik pada umbi benih bawang merah dapat menyebabkan kejadian penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tanaman bawang merah. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan uji kesehatan umbi benih, untuk mendeteksi keberadaan Fusarium patogenik pada umbi benih bawang merah. Uji kesehatan umbi benih bawang merah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode blotter test. Selanjutnya isolat Fusarium yang muncul dari hasil blotter test diuji sifat patogenisitasnya pada umbi dan tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan Fusarium terbawa umbi benih bawang merah pada beberapa varietas dan sifat patogenisitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan varietas bawang merah dengan persen infeksi Fusarium tertinggi pada varietas Bima (74,5%) dengan nekrosis basal plate (79%). Hasil uji patogenisitas menunjukkan dari 60 isolat Fusarium diperoleh dari uji blotter test, 46,6% merupakan isolat Fusarium patogenik.
Screening Method for Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus (Chi VMV) and Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Resistance in Chillipepper. ChiVMV and CMV have been reported as the causal agents of main diseases in ...chillipepper in Indonesia and other Asian countries. Mix infection of this two viruses was commonly occurred in the field, causing severe disease . The use of resistance varieties has been proposed for dealing with the yield losses causing by the viruses. Breeding program is undergoing for development of chillipepper varieties resistant to ChiVMV and CMV. Methodology for routine screening activity of chillipepper for resistance to both ChiVMV and CMV needs to be established. This research was conducted in Cikabayan Glass House and Plant Virology Laboratory, Plant Protection Department, Bogor Agricultural University from May 2006 to June 2007. Aim of the research was to develop screening method for simultaneous infection by the two viruses, ChiVMV and CMV. Inoculation of ChiVMV and CMV was done by single inoculation or repetitive inoculation methods. In both methods, ChiVMV and CMV were inoculated in different sequences, either ChiVMV or CMV first. The result showed that incubation period was shorter when CMV was inoculated in advance both in single and repetitive inoculation method. Mosaic, mottle and malformation type symptom was observed in infected plants. Based on disease incidence, infection of ChiVMV was higher compared to CMV in repetitive inoculation as well as in single inoculation. Repetitive inoculation methods with virus sequence ChiVMV-CMV-ChiVMV-CMV was selected for resistance evaluation of chillipepper genotypes.
Begomovirus was identified as one of the causal agents causing yellow mosaic disease on yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis L.) in Java. Research was conducted to characterize the ...virus based on its nucleotide sequences. Research was started by field survey to collect leaf samples, followed by virus detection using polymerase chain reaction and analysis of virus sequences. Samples from Tegal, Klaten, Magelang, Cirebon, Subang, and Bogor were positively infected by Begomovirus based on specific viral DNA amplification. Sequence analysis indicated that Begomovirus infecting yard long bean belongs to the same group with Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Nepal. Further analysis showed the conserved region of Begomovirus around Common Region, i.e. “TATA box†Sequence, Hair Pin Loop Structure, Repetitive Sequence, and the Conserved Nonanucleotide Sequence TAATATTAC.Key words: common region, DNA sequencing, ELISA, MYMIV, PCRÂ
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